Plant genetic resources in India: management and utilization.

K Singh,S Rajkumar,V Tyagi,K Gupta

doi:10.18699/vj20.622

Abstract

Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the foundation of agriculture as well as food and nutritional security. The ICAR-NBPGR is the nodal institution at national level for management of PGR in India under the umbrella of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. India being one of the gene-rich countries faces a unique challenge of protecting its natural heritage while evolving mutually beneficial strategies for germplasm exchange with other countries. The Bureaus activities include PGR exploration, collection, exchange, characterization, evaluation, conservation and documentation. It also has the responsibility to carry out quarantine of all imported PGR including transgenics meant for research purposes. The multifarious activities are carried out from ICAR-NBPGR headquarters and its 10 regional stations located in different agro-climatic zones of India. It has linkages with international organizations of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and national crop-based institutes to accomplish its mandated activities. NBPGR collects and acquires germplasm from various sources, conserves it in the Genebank, characterizes and evaluates it for different traits and provides ready material for breeders to develop varieties for farmers. ICAR-NBPGR encompasses the National Genebank Network and at present, the National Genebank conserves more than 0.40 million accessions. NBPGR works in service-mode for effective utilization of PGR in crop improvement programmes which depends mainly on its systematic characterization and evaluation, and identification of potentially useful germplasm. NBPGR is responsible for identifying trait-specific pre-adapted climate resilient genotypes, promising material with disease resistance and quality traits which the breeders use for various crop improvement programmes. The system has contributed immensely towards safeguarding the indigenous and introducing useful exotic PGR for enhancing the agricultural production. Presently, our focus is on characterization of ex situ conserved germplasm and detailed evaluation of prioritized crops for enhanced utilization; assessment of impact of on-farm conservation practices on genetic diversity; genome-wide association mapping for identification of novel genes and alleles for enhanced utilization of PGR; identification and deployment of germplasm/landraces using climate analog data; validation of trait-specific introduced germplasm for enhanced utilization. Key words: plant genetic resources; gene banks; wild relatives; biotic and abiotic stresses; marker-assisted selection.

Highlights

Plant genetic resources (PGR) are one of essential components of agro-biodiversity and defined as the genetic material of plants having value as a resource for present and future generations
In case of PGR including landraces and wild relatives, screening of collection to be used for genomic analysis can be done based on passport data in combination with evaluation data
NGS technologies together with precise phenotyping have been used for identification of marker trait associations in several crops, for example, rare wheat haplotypes effective against abiotic or biotic stresses were developed through introgression of useful and novel stress and quality traits’ alleles to lines derived from crosses of exotics with CIMMYT’s best elite germplasm under CIMMYT’s Seeds of Discovery (SeeD) initiative (Vik ram et al, 2016)

Summary

Introduction

Plant genetic resources (PGR) are one of essential components of agro-biodiversity and defined as the genetic material of plants having value as a resource for present and future generations. Application of genomic tools for PGR utilization and pre-breeding One of the major objectives of ICAR-NBPGR is to supply germplasm, collected indigenously or from exotic sources, to the breeders and other researchers in the country.

Results

Conclusion