Internal Tensions Research Articles

The same content in two different languages? Hegel's conception of religion and philosophy and its critique by D.F. Strauss

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to contribute to debate on Hegel's conception of the relationship between religion and philosophy by proposing that it can be a read as a division of labour between Christian religion and speculative philosophy. This reading allows us to understand better Hegel's idea that religion and philosophy have the same content in two different forms. I distinguish between the institutional and the intrapersonal dimensions of Hegel's claim of a division of labour between religion and philosophy. I then turn to a critique of Hegel's philosophy of religion by showing how David Friedrich Strauss's concluding dissertation from The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined can call our attention to some internal tensions within Hegel's conception. Although Strauss's interpretation does not present an insurmountable objection against Hegel's conception of a division of labour, it can help to illuminate to what extent Hegel oversimplified the practical implications that his conception might have for the priest's attempt to continue his instruction to the members of his community.

Al-Harizi’s Translation of Guide of the Perplexed II,25 and the Philosophical Implications for the Question of Creation

This article focuses on the various translations of an important chapter regarding the question of creation in Maimonides’s Guide II,25. I will try to explain the differences between the original Judeo-Arabic text and the R. Ibn Tibbon translation on the one hand, and the Al-Harizi translation and the Latin translation on the other hand, and account for some of the differences of interpretation. The first part of the article will describe the original meaning of the chapter and the internal tension between the different arguments that Maimonides explores. These internal tensions and contradictions can be interpreted as an indication that Maimonides was hiding his true esoteric eternalist opinion. In the second part of the article, I will analyze Al-Harizi’s translation and show that he made the text more coherent and more supportive of the creationist interpretation of Maimonides.

Knowledge, attitude, and perception towards mob lynching among the general population of India: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Mob lynching is violence by a crowd that results in the killing or maiming of a person or persons charged with or suspected of a crime. Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment to the accused or suspected person by a crowd or informal group without having any legal authority. In India, lynching and mob violence generally replicate internal tensions between several racial communities. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to check the attitude and gender differences and to see the predictors of mob lynching among the general population of India The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception of mob lynching among the general population of India. Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 150 adults from March 3, 2022, to September 28, 2022. The survey was conducted online using a Google Form distributed through social media platform (E-mails, Whatsapp, or Messenger application). Participants aged 18 years and above, both male and female, consenting to participate in the study and able to understand English were included in the study. The survey took approximately 5–10 min to complete. Results: The findings of this study shows that gender, age, family income, religion, ethnicity, and education as variables that contributed significantly to the prediction of mob lynching among the general population of India [F (6,143) = 4.766; P < 0.01] at 16.7% (R 2 = 0.167) variance. The remaining 83.3% was attributed to the variables not included in the study. Conclusion: The study also indicates that most of the cases of mob lynching are committed due to fake news, rumors, and hate speeches that are circulated on social media.

Collective identity, solidarity, and sisterhood in the ASAB cleaning women’s strike in Sweden and the Women’s Day Off in Iceland

ABSTRACT In recent years feminist movements have increasingly employed the form and rhetoric of strikes in framing their protests. The rise of the women’s strike movement has been seen as an indicator of an invigorated wave of feminist activism that focuses, to a greater extent, on structural economic injustices. The aim of this article is to provide a historical aspect to the growing research on strikes as a multifaceted form of protest. The article analyses articulations of collective identity, solidarity, and sisterhood in two different kinds of ‘women’s strikes’ that took place in the Nordic region during the mid-1970s; the ASAB cleaners’ strikes in Sweden during 1974–1975 and the Icelandic Women’s Day Off that took place on October 24, 1975. The article explores how the relationship between gender and class was conceptualized by participants, organizers, and bystanders. We employ these cases to study how solidarity and sisterhood across differences among women might have appeared in practice while at the same time reflecting internal tensions and varying interests. Moreover, the article reflects on the specific form of the strikes and the potential impact their respective form might have had on the political articulations that came out of them.

Effect of laser cutting of oak wood on the drying process

Abstract The subject of this paper is the analysis of the influence of laser cutting of oak wood on its drying process. The subject of the research was the comparison of the drying process and the quality of the dried wood in samples cut by classical technology (sawing) and samples cut with the use of laser. The research was carried out on two sets of samples which were subjected to an identical drying process. Continuous moisture loss and final moisture attained, moisture gradients before and after drying, and internal tensions before and after drying were monitored by means of the fork test and the cut-test. The final moisture content at the end of drying was 8.09% for the saw-cut samples and 8.22% for the laser-cut samples, a difference of only 0.13%. The analysis of the individual characteristics observed showed that the influence of the cutting technology did not have a significant effect on the drying process or the quality of the dried oak sawn timber.

SILENCE AS A STEP TOWARD THE PROCESS OF LISTENING AND ITS CENTRAL ROLE FOR INTERRELIGIOUS RELATIONS: A REFLECTION IN THE BACKGROUND OF THE PLURALITY OF INDONESIA

This article is developed by drawing from the Indonesian context. The country is characterized with its plurality, in terms of religion, belief, language, culture, and ethnicity. I start reflecting on the discourse of silence by exploring the rituals practiced by the Hindus in Bali and a number of Muslims in Java. An effort is then made to elaborate it from a philosophical perspective in which silence can be understood as the beginning of listening. The further elaboration, from a theological perspective, is worked out by focusing on the figure of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, through whom silence with listening can be regarded as a way to live out the faith that seeks for understanding and wisdom. Finally, I put it on the circumstances of interreligious relations. Here, being silent for listening can be considered as a sort of culture that requires certain conditions, some of which are the readiness to deal with internal tensions and the capability to listen through the inner ear of the heart by way of discernment. KEYWORDS: Silence. Listening. Faith. Understanding and Wisdom. Interreligious Relation.

Feminist futures? Gender and nation in the pro-independence left in Catalonia

This article explores how a feminist approach to politics can resonate within a nation-building project in Catalonia against the backdrop of rising transnational anti-feminist right-wing populism in Europe. Feminism and nationalism have often been presented as oppositional, and nationalist struggles have been considered to further patriarchal regimes. However, nation-building can also be an opportunity to think of feminist alternative futures. The article explores the role of feminism in the political project of the pro-independence Catalan left (Esquerra Independentista), and exposes internal tensions and difficulties in aiming to achieve both independence and feminism in an emancipated Catalonia. Esquerra Independentista adopt two distinctive strategies of feminist politics: the promotion of the indivisibility of social, gender and national struggles (independence, socialism, feminism), and an embodied politics that centralises women’s political agency as a political tool. However, Esquerra Independentista’s proposals for a socialist and feminist future are fragile and limited by internal tensions between the prevalence of masculinist models of doing politics on one hand, and on the other hand, alternative ideas about the strategic importance of class, gender and national oppressions.

An ethics assessment list for geoinformation ecosystems: revisiting the integrated geospatial information framework of the United Nations

ABSTRACT To achieve sustainable development goals, georeferenced data and geographic information systems play a crucial role. Yet, the way in which these data and systems are summoned upon rests on positivist assumptions which overlook both epistemological and ethical concerns. This is epitomized by the integrated geospatial information framework (IGIF) of the United Nations, which, from the perspective of sustainable development, aims to provide guidance for the management of geoinformation and related tools, considering these as mirrors of the physical world. In this respect, the article has three main goals. First, it delivers an epistemological and ethical critique of the IGIF, by highlighting its internal tensions. Second, it suggests how the IGIF and similar geoinformation initiatives can benefit from an ethical reflection that allows to conduct georeferenced practices in a fair(er) way. Third, it designs an ethics assessment list for self-evaluating the ethical robustness of geoinformation initiatives as ecosystems.

Exploring the Distinctiveness of Social Enterprises Delivering Adult Social Care in England

Social enterprises, which are businesses with social objectives, have been championed by the UK government as an opportunity to deliver more innovative, socially oriented, and commercially sustainable public services. However, very little is known about them, especially in a social care context. This paper therefore aims to answer the following three questions: (1) What are care social enterprises?, (2) What are their distinctive qualities?, and (3) How can they contribute to the adult social care sector? It presents evidence from a “mapping” of care social enterprises in three English local authorities, and from interviews with 35 stakeholders from across the social care and social enterprise sectors. Drawing on an institutional logics framework, we explore the influence of different norms, goals, and practices on care social enterprises and the extent to which they are aligned with those of the public, private, and not-for-profit sectors. We found that their unique combination of business and social logics, along with an entrepreneurial mindset, may make them more flexible, innovative, and able to diversify their income than public and not-for-profit care organisations. They were also considered more trustworthy than private care services. However, their competing social and business logics can create internal tensions and bring uncertainty about what organisational model they are. These tensions can make it challenging for us to define what a care social enterprise is and in turn for social enterprises to promote themselves and attract funding.

Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War by Shay Hazkani

Reviewed by: Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War by Shay Hazkani Abigail Jacobson Shay Hazkani. Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021. 352 pp. In this fascinating and engaging book, Shay Hazkani takes the readers on a unique journey into the history of the 1948 War. Much has been written on the history of this war, which was probably the most significant and dramatic turning point in this history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, yet Hazkani’s book offers an unusual contribution to this scholarship. Based on hundreds of personal letters, diaries, army magazines, radio broadcasts, and pamphlets of Jewish and Arab soldiers who fought in the war, either in the ranks of the Israel Defense Forces or the Arab League’s Volunteer Army (ALA), Dear Palestine examines the ways ordinary soldiers experienced the war and their role in it. The book follows the preparation and indoctrination in the early stages of the war, and carefully analyzes the soldiers’ contemplations regarding the meanings and implications of the war and the violence they experienced and were part of. Moreover, and maybe most importantly, this rich account, based on the untapped corpus of soldiers’ letters, challenges and questions the Arab/Jew binary that is so prevalent in the historiography of the Arab-Israeli conflict in general, and of the 1948 War in particular. In fact, the soldiers’ accounts during the war show that these nationalist categories are much more complex, diverse, and full [End Page 215] of internal contradictions than usually thought. In this, Hazkani’s book is part of a growing scholarship that follows the relational history approach to the study of the relations between Jews and Arabs, and that complicates these identities. Part of the important contribution of the book to the historical accounts of the war in particular, and the historiography of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in general, lies in the corpus of sources used by Hazkani, and the reflective way he incorporates them. As such, in the introduction, conclusion, as well in several points throughout the book, Hazkani critically discusses the sources he uses, their methodological limitations and advantages, and uses this sensitive and unique corpus in a smart and reflective way. Each of the book’s five chapters examines a separate stage in the journeys that Jewish and Arab volunteers who fought in 1948 went through. The first chapter focuses on the mobilization process of Jewish and Arab soldiers as they were conscripted, or volunteered, to take arms and join the war efforts in Palestine. Carefully scrutinizing the different groups and the processes that brought them to the front line, Hazkani exposes the different meaning of “fighting for Palestine” for various groups. Those include, for example, Moroccan Jews, Holocaust survivors, American Jews, as well as Lebanese, Syrian, Jordanian, and Egyptian Arabs of different ethnoreligious backgrounds. The second chapter continues to the next stage of these soldiers’ journeys, namely the propaganda, indoctrination, and preparations that the IDF and ALA utilized. The chapter follows the training of the soldiers, the use of propaganda mechanisms, and the depictions of the enemy. The comparison between the ALA’s and IDF’s propaganda and indoctrination mechanisms is fascinating and reveals many internal frictions and tensions within these two forces. The third chapter discusses the motivations and reasons that brought the Arab and Jewish recruits to fight in Palestine. Through a careful analysis of soldiers’ letters and accounts, Hazkani points to the ways in which different ideologies, such as Pan-Arabism, Pan-Islam, nationalism, and anticolonial struggle, all mixed together in soldiers’ identities and motivations to fight. He reveals how Moroccan Jewish volunteers were gradually exposed to racism and discrimination from their fellow Ashkenazic soldiers and how their experience was radically different from that of the Ashkenazic volunteers who came from the United States, for example. The experience of Moroccan soldiers complicates the national Zionist narrative regarding the role of the Zionist movement in saving Moroccan Jews and incorporating them into the Zionist and later Israeli “melting pot.” These very intimate reflections and contemplations are discussed further in chapter 4, which focuses on the actual experience of war and violence on the...

On resistance and pluriversal voices of subversive archaism

On resistance and pluriversal voices of subversive archaism

Communication and Decision-Making Processes: Group-level Determinants of State Performance

AbstractDominant explanations for variation in performance between state organizations focus on macro-level factors, such as political support, and meso-level factors, such as civil service capacity. However, these factors cannot account for why different groups within the same state organization perform better than others. I leverage a comparative analysis of state officials working under particularly challenging circumstances—task forces of prosecutors investigating high-level corruption in Brazil—to develop a framework to explain how small-group communication and decision-making processes affect performance. Drawing on document analysis and 124 original interviews with federal investigators, I argue that, even when we account for macro- and meso-level factors, prosecutors performed better when they cultivated frequent communication and collective decision-making. This study shows the mechanisms through which these processes affect performance: while frequent communication enables group members to generate knowledge connections that help them make unforeseen discoveries, collective decision-making helps build defensive alignment, which allows members to protect the group from external pressures and manage internal tensions.

Perlindungan Penduduk Sipil Dari Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata Di Provinsi Papua Ditinjau Dari Hukum Humaniter Internasional

Introduction: Civil protection in Papua Province from Armed Criminal Groups (KKB) must be a serious concern, considering the cruel actions carried out by the KKB starting from shootings, persecution, arson and various other forms of crime that have caused casualties and property that have continued since to year.Purposes of the Research: to know the regulation of non-international armed conflict and how to protect the civilian population from KKB in Papua Province. Methods of the Research: This legal research, the author uses normative research. That is, a study that primarily examines positive legal provisions, legal principles, and legal doctrines to answer legal questions faced.Results of the Research: The results show that the regulation of non-international armed conflicts can be found in the Geneva Convention of 1949 article 3 regarding armed conflicts that are not international in nature in which one of the major participants is required to comply with the provisions regarding protected persons in the event that they are not actively engaged in hostilities. Furthermore, regarding the protection of the civilian population in Papua Province based on a review of humanitarian law so far it cannot be applied, because the conflict conditions in Papua Province cannot yet be categorized as non-international conflicts, but are classified as situations of domestic security disturbances or internal disturbances and tensions. Thus national law and international human rights law apply.

Chinese Settler-Colonialism and the Borderless National Imagination in Lü Sheng’s A Madman’s Dream

ABSTRACT Studies on Chinese nationalist discourse in the late Qing era rarely consider the role of settler-colonialism in the development of nationalism, instead assuming that anti-colonialism was the dominant ideological source. This article transcends the traditional binary discourse of the colonised and the coloniser by exploring how settler-colonialism helped to project a borderless China in late Qing utopian fiction. I argue that this body of literature, as exemplified by Lü Sheng’s A Madman’s Dream, is a useful lens for exploring how Chinese settler-colonialism developed a (trans)national imagination. China, as a non-Western settler-colonist, had a dual identity: its experience of being colonised by the West resulted in its acting as a settler-colonist, while its efforts to promote a ‘new China’ overseas were intended to create solidarity with others who had suffered from colonisation. This article thus contributes to the growing body of scholarship about Qing expansionism as an instance of colonialism by demonstrating the internal tensions within Chinese discourse on colonialism in that era. I illustrate that Chinese settler-colonialism displayed a unique blend of discourse about expansion in the past, the experience of suffering in the present, and imagining the future.

Active morphogenesis of patterned epithelial shells.

Shape transformations of epithelial tissues in three dimensions, which are crucial for embryonic development or in vitro organoid growth, can result from active forces generated within the cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells. How the interplay of local differential tensions with tissue geometry and with external forces results in tissue-scale morphogenesis remains an open question. Here, we describe epithelial sheets as active viscoelastic surfaces and study their deformation under patterned internal tensions and bending moments. In addition to isotropic effects, we take into account nematic alignment in the plane of the tissue, which gives rise to shape-dependent, anisotropic active tensions and bending moments. We present phase diagrams of the mechanical equilibrium shapes of pre-patterned closed shells and explore their dynamical deformations. Our results show that a combination of nematic alignment and gradients in internal tensions and bending moments is sufficient to reproduce basic building blocks of epithelial morphogenesis, including fold formation, budding, neck formation, flattening, and tubulation.

Between Humboldt and Rockefeller: An organization design approach to hybridity in higher education

Higher education institutions (HEI) are maneuvering the competing institutional logics of academia and commerce, which provide widely conflicting bases for legitimacy ascriptions. HEI that try to internalize both competing institutional logics become hybrids, addressing the resulting internal tensions and conflicts through efforts of structural separation or blending. Whereas these generic approaches have been well described, also for HEI, their underlying, constituting organizational design remains unclear. We refer to the general organization design literature to suggest templates for hybrid HEI. Dependent on the relative strength attributed to the two competing logics, respectively, we specify typical organizational designs reflecting separation as well as blending solutions. We embed these hybrid organizational design types with the pure archetypes of both logics and offer implications for research and practice in the HE field.

Destabilizing Spanish National Cinema: Surcos/Furrows (1951) as a ‘Film of National Interest’

ABSTRACT Under Francoist Spain, the National Interest awards became the state strategy to determine the films which best mirrored the national spirit, as understood by the dictatorship. However, the flaws of this logic were evident when Surcos/Furrows managed to win in 1951. In this essay, I argue that José Antonio Nieves Condes’ film destabilized the concept of national cinema on two different fronts: formally and politically. First, Furrows presents a mix of aesthetics, genres and ideological discourses that is irreconcilable with the rigid mode of cinema proposed by the Francoist state. The interwoven discursive confluence in the film problematizes the narrow criteria set by the National Interest awards, something that can be seen in Furrows’ conservative but dissident ideology and its foreign cinematic influences. Second, the award reveals the internal tensions within the state – as it was the state film institute itself that heralded a film that undercut the nationalist discourses favored by Franco’s regime.

ELASTIC EMBEDMENT SUPPORT: A NOVEL APPROACH TO THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SHAFTS

This study discusses the introduction of elastic embedment support in the preliminary design of shafts. The preliminary design of shafts idealizes the supports by considering them mobile articulated support, fixed articulated support, or embedded support. In several cases, these idealizations deviate from reality. While articulated supports produce internal forces, tensions, deflections, and gradients greater than real, embedded supports lead to internal forces, stresses, deflections, and deformation angles lower than real. These deviations in typical shaft design schemes have been corrected with safety factors. This study presents a novel elastic embedment support using a dimensionless stiffness coefficient to improve the preliminary shaft design and obtain more adequate results, with shaft dimensions more suitable for the acting loads. These results were assessed with the conventional analysis schemes for three bearing types for shaft lengths between 200 to 1000 mm. Contrasted to the conventional model articulating both shaft supports, the bending moment is significantly lower when considering the elastic embedment. The maximum bending moment from the conventional model is 65% higher than that obtained with the elastic embedment for single-row ball bearings, 58% higher for tapered roller bearings, and 40% higher for double-row ball bearings. Furthermore, the bending moment increases its significance with the shaft length. Thus, considering the bearing stiffness for the three rolling bearing types results in shaft support bending moments of 10 to 21% of the maximum bending moment obtained from the conventional model. These differences significantly impact the fatigue life estimation of the shaft because the deflection obtained from the conventional model is higher than that for the elastic embedded support, which impacts the fatigue life estimation of the shaft. Therefore, it is concluded that using the elastic embedment support in the preliminary shaft design, reduces the uncertainty in the results, leading to lower security coefficients. Keywords: Preliminary Shaft Design, Embedded Support, Articulated Support DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.1.47

How to concieve republic: Four visions

The work points to irreconcilable differences and internal tensions that under the term ?republic? are inherited, primarily, by the eighteenth century, which was favorable to it. Those disagreements and ambivalences, which determine modern theory to a good extent, are presented, respectively, through understandings of the republic in the Enlightenment, romanticism, republicanism and in the tradition of the ?republic of letters?. It is concluded that the emancipatory potential that is invested in the republic, if it has the same or a similar point of resistance - for example: monarchy, church domination of social life, what was once called the concise catchphrase ?throne and altar?, the abolition of privatized and/or particular decision-making monopolies and all misconceptions, prejudices, and the authorities that legitimize them - did not have at all the same or a similar vision of the desirable state after the coup has taken place, that is, in the name of what the republic should be established.

“The Jew was doing his Christian duty”1: The New Ghetto as a Representation of Herzl’s Political Epoch

This essay asks how Herzl’s play, The New Ghetto, can be read as a representation of the sociopolitical tensions which affected and influenced the emancipated Jewish community in European capitals by the end of the 19th century. Among the pervading tensions of the time, I discuss the kinds of Antisemitism birthed by the emancipation: both the virulent kind that outright threatens and stereotypes Jews, as much as the subtle kind, of those who are willing to include Jews, so long as they desist from their Judaism. I also speak about internal tensions (within the Jewish community); for instance, in regards to the question of emancipating. While some Jews are baptized to advance socially and professionally, others still endorse the ideal of an emancipated Jew whose Jewish and European identities can coexist. Finally, I analyze how Jewish leaders confronted these ideologies that collide (often dangerously so) by creating two alternatives: Assimilationism and Zionism. While the first insisted on the belief that, through movements like the emancipation, Jews would succeed in integrating into what they considered to be their diasporic homes, the latter dismissed this hope, and instead turned to Zionism—or the establishment of a Jewish state—as the exclusive path toward Jewish security and prosperity. Having traced the manifestations of these ideologies and tensions within the play, I conclude by arguing that the play advocates for Herzl’s own political ideology, by first representing his Assimilationist past and ultimately endorsing the Zionist future he would come to embrace, once all else had failed.