Internal Strategies Research Articles

Inorganic Pb-Sn Perovskite Solar Cells with CF3-PA Internal Defect Passivation Strategy

Abstract The volatile organic components and heavy metal components in traditional perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have raised environmental and stability concerns for their large scale application. To solve the above two problems, the advancement of inorganic Pb-Sn PSCs technology has progressed at a remarkable pace over a relatively short period. Replacing Pb with Sn in PSCs not only significantly improves the environmental problems caused by the high toxicity of Pb, but also forms solar cells with lower bandgap, which is beneficial for light absorption and utilization, especially in the near-infrared band. In this work, a composite inorganic perovskite was utilized, CsPb0.6Sn0.4I3, and enhanced the PSCs performance by passivating the perovskite using 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylammonium (CF3-PA) additives. The highest efficiency of the champion device reached 13.04%, demonstrating its potential as a candidate for low bandgap PSCs.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Industri Rumah Tangga Tempe di Desa Sendang Mulya Sari Kabupaten Konawe

The purpose of this study was to analyze internal and external strategies in the development of the tempeh industry in Sendang Mulya Sari Village, Tonggauna District, Konawe Regency. The determination of the research sample was carried out intentionally (purposive sampling) using key informants, in this study the key informant was Mrs. Ratmi, the owner of the tempeh business. This study is a qualitative descriptive study using analysis tools, namely SWOT. The development strategy of the "Mrs. Ratmi" tempeh industry business in Sendang Mulya Sari Village, Tongauna District, Konawe Regency is in quadrant I, namely the SO = 4.14 strategy, which is a very profitable position for the company because at this time the tempeh business has opportunities and strengths that can be utilized. The strategy that must be carried out in this condition is to change the old strategy. The strategy that must be applied in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy (Growth oriented strategy) so that it can increase the income of tempeh entrepreneurs.

Structures and Processes of Grading Committees in Internal Medicine Clerkships: Results of a National Survey.

Clerkship grades are important in the residency selection process but can be influenced by individual bias and grading tendencies. Although clinical competency committees are standard in graduate medical education, in undergraduate medical education, they have not gained widespread traction. This study describes structures and processes of grading committees in internal medicine (IM) clerkships and strategies used to mitigate grading bias. From September to December 2022, the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine conducted its annual survey of IM core clerkship directors at 140 U.S. and U.S. territory-based medical schools. This study was based on 23 questions about grading committees in IM clerkships. The survey response rate was 80% (n = 112/140). Forty-seven respondents (42%) reported using grading committees in their IM clerkship (median committee size, 7; range, 3-20) (primarily clerkship leadership and faculty). Responsibilities included determining grades for all students (31 [66%]) and students at borderline of failing (30 [64%]), adjudicating on students with professionalism concerns (25 [53%]), and reconciling discordant clinical evaluations (24 [51%]). To mitigate deliberation bias, committees most frequently used multisource assessments (38 [81%]) and adoption of a shared mental model (36 [77%]). Approximately one-third of grading committees "rarely" discussed gender (14 [30%]) and race or ethnicity (15 [32%]), and 7 committees (15%) "never" discussed gender and race or ethnicity. Clerkship directors perceived developing a shared mental model (60 [92%]), promoting consistency (59 [91%]) and transparency (57 [88%]) in the process, mitigating assessment bias (58 [89%]), improving student satisfaction (54 [83%]), and sharing grading responsibility (44 [68%]) as potential benefits. This study found that grading committees in IM clerkships are not widely used and that existing committees vary in structure and process. These findings highlight an opportunity for medical schools to consider using grading committees to improve grade assignment and address grading inconsistencies.

Ferroelectric polarization-electric field promoted S-scheme CdSe/BaxSr1-xTiO3 for highly efficient solar hydrogen evolution

Coupling the ferroelectric polarization and internal electric field to realize effective separation and migration of photogenerated charges is highly attractive for accomplishing efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this work, an internal electric field modulated S-scheme heterostructure was fabricated by depositing CdSe on ferroelectric BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BxST) through an in-situ growth method. Because of the oriented powerful electron transport driven by the strong spontaneous polarization and internal electric field, the as-synthesized CdSe/BxST heterojunctions demonstrated excellent solar to H2 performance. Without the addition of noble metal cocatalyst, 7% CdSe/B0.8ST exhibited a H2 evolution rate of 1971.8 µmol g-1 h−1 with an apparent quantum yield of 12.1% at 365 nm. Moreover, the obtained heterojunction catalysts exhibit good stability after 12 h continuous irradiation. This work provides a viable strategy on the utilization of ferroelectric polarization and internal electric field strategy to promote charge transfer and separation of S-scheme photocatalysts.

Financial Sustainability of Nongovernmental Organizations in Nepal: A Qualitative Study

This paper explores the financial sustainability of Nepalese NGOs, drawing insights from the resource dependency theory. The primary data were collected from the key informant interviews (N=15) with executives of development NGOs. The data were analyzed thematically based on Braun and Clarke’s (2006) framework using NVivo software. The findings showed that internal funding sources could not support NGOs financially. They were found to have suffered from resource constraints due to a decline in external funding opportunities. NGOs also appeared weak in adopting strategies necessary to maintain financial sustainability. The findings indicated the possibility of further resource constraints if the government and NGOs do not consider diversifying funding sources. Future studies should explore the internal financial management strategies of NGOs for maintaining their financial sustainability by employing case studies.

Management of infected bone defects of the femoral shaft by Masquelet technique: sequential internal fixation and nail with plate augmentation

BackgroundTo evaluate the effectiveness of a sequential internal fixation strategy and intramedullary nailing with plate augmentation (IMN/PA) for bone reconstruction in the management of infected femoral shaft defects using the Masquelet technique.MethodsWe performed a retrospective descriptive cohort study of 21 patients (mean age, 36.4 years) with infected bone defects of the femoral shaft treated by the Masquelet technique with a minimum follow-up of 18 months after second stage. After aggressive debridement, temporary stabilisation (T1) was achieved by an antibiotic-loaded bone cement spacer and internal fixation with a bone cement–coated locking plate. At second stage (T2), the spacer and the locking plate were removed following re-debridement, and IMN/PA was used as definitive fixation together with bone grafting. We evaluated the following clinical outcomes: infection recurrence, bone union time, complications, and the affected limb’s knee joint function.ResultsThe median and quartiles of bone defect length was 7 (4.75–9.5) cm. Four patients required iterative debridement for infection recurrence after T1. The median of interval between T1 and T2 was 10 (9–19) weeks. At a median follow-up of 22 (20–27.5) months, none of the patients experienced recurrence of infection. Bone union was achieved at 7 (6–8.5) months in all patients, with one patient experiencing delayed union at the distal end of bone defect due to screws loosening. At the last follow-up, the median of flexion ROM of the knee joint was 120 (105–120.0)°.ConclusionsFor infected femoral shaft bone defects treated by the Masquelet technique, sequential internal fixation and IMN/PA for the reconstruction can provide excellent mechanical stability, which is beneficial for early functional exercise and bone union, and does not increase the rate of infection recurrence.

“Mid-P strategy” versus “internal target volume strategy in locally advanced non small cell lung cancer: Clinical results from the randomized non-comparative phase II study Mid-P

BackgroundLocally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) reported poor 5-year survival rates with frequent local or regional recurrences. Personalized RT may contribute to improve control and clinical outcome. We investigated efficacy and tolerance of “Mid-position” (Mid-P) strategy versus the conventional Internal Target Volume (ITV) strategy in LA-NSCLC patients treated by definitive conformal radiotherapy. MethodsThis prospective non-comparative randomized monocentric phase II trial included adult patients with non-resected, non-metastatic, non-previously irradiated proven LA-NSCLC treated with definitive normo-fractionated conformal radiotherapy (+/- chemotherapy). Allocated patients (randomisation 2:1) were treated using Mid-P or ITV strategy. A Fleming single-stage design (1-sided α = 0.1, 80 % power, P0 = 30 %, P1 = 50 %) planned enrolment of 36 patients in the Mid-P group. The ITV group ensured the absence of selection bias. The primary outcome was 1-year progression-free- survival (1y-PFS) rate. ResultsAmong 54 eligible patients included from September 2012 to May 2018, 51 patients were analyzed (Mid-P: N = 34; ITV: 17). The 1y-PFS was 38 % (1-sided 95 %CI 25 %-not reached) with Mid-P strategy, and 47 % (95 %CI [27 %-not reached[) with ITV. Loco-regional failure as first event mainly occurred within radiation-field regardless the strategy. Acute and middle-term radiation toxicities were observed with both strategies. ConclusionLocal control and survival remain poor using the Mid-P strategy in this prospective randomized non-comparative monocentric study investigating Mid-P strategy versus ITV strategy in LA-NSCLC. Since the Mid-P strategy is not integrated into routine software, and perceived as a time-consuming method, Mid-P strategy cannot be recommended in LA-NSCLCC treated by definitive normo-fractionated conformal radiotherapy outside clinical trials.

Mapping the shoreline risk assessment of oil spill in the eastern region of Qeshm channel

The northern shores of the Strait of Hormuz constitute one of the most diverse shorelines in the Persian Gulf, characterized by both utility and environmental richness. Situated in the Qeshm channel, which hosts the largest mangrove habitat, major industries, and commercial port, these shores are subject to the occurrence of oil spills, posing potential substantial harm. This study employs General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) and numerical modeling to assess the potential risks to shorelines from hypothetical oil spills, considering the distinctive features of the shores and their environmental sensitivity. The results indicate that high-risk levels are not excessively prevalent overall and are confined to approximately 24 km. The shape of the channel and hydrodynamic conditions highlight the eastern sector of the Bandar Abbas urban area as particularly susceptible to oil spill entrapment. The findings indicate that high-risk areas are predominantly located away from industrial-oil shores and primarily consist of muddy shores. Therefore, internal strategies of Oil Spill Contingency Plan (OSCP) of companies are deemed insufficient and necessitate comprehensive planning initiatives.

Relationship of psychological capital, transformational leadership, and internal communication to work engagement in organizations

Organization A, which represents the country in the oil and gas industry and is tasked with managing oil and gas activities in Indonesia to ensure national energy security, requires employees with high work engagement. This requires enthusiasm, dedication, and perseverance to contribute fully to their work. However, human resource management surveys and several phenomena analyzed show that work engagement in Organization A is low. This research consists of two studies: a research study and an intervention study. This research aims to analyze the relationship between psychological capital (individual internal factors), transformational leadership (individual external factors), and internal communication (organizational factors) on work engagement using a sample of 267 employees of Organization A. Using a quantitative design supported by qualitative data, and found that individual psychological capital, transformational leadership style, and internal communication in the organization significantly predicted work engagement. Among these factors, internal communication predicted work engagement beyond psychological capital and transformational leadership. An intervention study involving 23 participants was designed to determine the effectiveness of an internal communication strategy training program in increasing work engagement. Results from the intervention study showed significant improvements in participants' pre-test and post-test scores, indicating the effectiveness of the program in increasing work engagement.

The Influence of Work-Life Balance Programs on Employee Loyalty

The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry in Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines, faces persistent challenges in nurturing a resilient and committed workforce amidst evolving market dynamics. This study explores the impact of Work-Life Balance Programs on Employee Loyalty within this dynamic sector. Employing a quantitative causal-comparative research approach, data was collected from 150 BPO employees through structured questionnaires. Findings reveal a strong recognition of the positive influence of work support on family interactions, yet disparities exist in attitudes towards home obligations enrichment and clarity on work-life balance policies. Despite satisfaction with career progression, concerns arise regarding internal communication and management strategy. Nonetheless, employees demonstrate a commitment to the organization, underscoring the need for continuous reinforcement of its value proposition. Statistical analysis confirms the significant influence of Work-Life Balance Programs on employee loyalty. The study concludes that fostering mutual respect, supporting career growth, and prioritizing work-life balance are essential for enhancing employee satisfaction and loyalty. Recommendations include improving communication channels, fostering an ownership culture, and demonstrating corporate social responsibility through community engagement and wellness initiatives.

Information control model of distributed energy resources

Currently, there is a constant growth of distributed energy resources, it became necessary to integrate them into the power grid. However, the integration process must consider not only the control parameters of the distributed energy resource but also the parallel operation of several such resources, the parameters of the power system as a whole. At the highest level of control, it is also necessary to consider the economic indicators formed by the energy market. Special devices – controlled inverters – can be effectively used for integration. The most difficult task is choosing a control system for controlled inverters. There are many different control systems such as Proportional-Integral, Deadbeat controllers, etc. The purpose of this paper is to build an information model for controlling distributed power resources. The current control method was used to control active and reactive power. The advantage of current control is resistance to variations in the parameters of the inverter and the external grid, excellent dynamic performance, and higher control accuracy. The proposed approach for building an automatic control system using the Internal model control strategy and taking into account restrictions on the control variable. The advantages of a system with an Internal model control controller compared to a conventional Proportional-Integral controller are the use of a powerful control method based on the object model, the ability to influence the roughness of the system with a separate setting parameter, increased speed with almost complete absence of over-regulation, simplified setup procedure. Such a system is proposed for use in facilities with strict requirements to minimize over-regulation and the speed of working out disturbances and tasks. The PSCAD software app was used to model the work results.

RELIGION AND VIOLENCE: TERRORISM AS A GLOBAL ISSUE

This research aims to explore the phenomenon of terrorism and radicalism, as well as the factors underlying their spread. Using a qualitative approach, this research involved in-depth interviews with former members of terrorist groups, security practitioners, academics, and government officials. Ethnographic studies and content analyses of documents, social media, and propaganda materials were also conducted to understand the internal dynamics and communication strategies of terrorist groups. The results show that terrorist groups utilise social media and digital platforms to spread radical ideology and recruit new members through narratives that manipulate political, economic, and social issues. Preventing terrorism requires a comprehensive approach that involves international cooperation, education that emphasises human values and tolerance, and equitable economic development. Effective de-radicalisation programmes are also essential to help individuals affected by radical ideologies return to society. This research makes an important contribution in developing more effective prevention and counterterrorism strategies, by understanding the factors that drive terrorism and radicalism and identifying comprehensive prevention measures.

Effect of Internal Branding Strategies on Employee Brand Commitment in the Service Sectors

Effect of Internal Branding Strategies on Employee Brand Commitment in the Service Sectors

The Implementation of Moral Character Education in SD Tunas Metropolitan

This research aims to determine the implementation of character education in elementary schools in SD Tunas Metropolitan. Character education has recently become the subject of public debate regarding its implementation and the loss of character values such as honesty, courtesy, friendliness and religiosity which is gradually becoming an erosion of foreign culture. Hopefully this research can be a reference in building and implementing character education in elementary schools and the community. The type of research used was qualitative research conducted at SD Tunas Metropolitan. Primary data was collected from the results of in-depth interviews with key informants, namely: the principal, deputy principal, principal and students. After the data is collected, it is then analyzed using inductive techniques with the following steps: data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of this research are that student character formation can be done through internal strategies and external strategies. Internal strategies can be implemented through four activities, namely activities in the teaching and learning process, daily activities in the form of school culture, habit formation activities, and internal and external activities. Meanwhile, external strategies can be implemented through the family environment and community environment. If all these strategies can be implemented well, the student's personality will be formed firmly.

Strategi Rekrutmen Dosen Berbasis Matrik S.W.O.T. di Institut Agama Islam Al Muhammad Cepu

High institution needed the management of employment resources that were suitable, fair, and selective. However, the educational workers from private institution frequently considered as low quality workers because they could not be competitive with others. Al Muhammad Cepu High Institute has a fixed strategies for the recruitment of lecturers from Assistant Professor (AA/Asisten Ahli) up to Full Professor (Guru Besar/GB). In this study, the current researchers aimed to describe strategies in recruiting lecturers. Those strategies was reached based on the S.W.O.T. matrix analysis with the internal and external factors. This was descriptive research by completing the collaborative approach between qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data were identifications of internal external factors and synchronization of any norm and applicable rules related to lecturer’s recruitment. Quantitative data were tabulation of IFAS AND EFAS factors. Next, the writers have found two strategies for recruiting functional-level lecturers that were; 1) open-ended recruitment, and 2) closed-ended recruitment. Moreover, from the current employment data and those applicable recruitment systems, the researchers processed the findings by using the S.W.O.T. approach. This process occurred in some steps like a)identifying internal and external factors, and b)composing IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Strategy) and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Strategy), c) confirming the statistical rate starts from 0,00 up to 1,00, d) taking the level from the number of 1,00 up to 4,00, and e) making quadrant matrix and relativity ratio, and 4)explain the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities.

Design energy flexibility within a comfort and climate box – An experimental evaluation of the internal heat pump control effects

Heat pumps are key in decarbonising the heating and cooling sector, while also supporting further integration of renewable energy resources when flexible heat pump operation is allowed. Within this context, smartly combining a heat pump, thermal energy storage and control system into a single product was introduced by the International Energy Agency and was named as a Comfort and Climate Box. Regarding heat pumps, manufacturers mainly include internal control constraints on the compressor ramping rate, cycling times, pump control etc. to ensure a safe and reliable operation. While these rules can generally not be bypassed, current literature mainly neglects or simplifies these control constraints, while the potential effects on the energy flexibility provision remains unknown. This leads to two main uncertainties. One the one hand on how flexible heat pumps really are when having to communicate from an overarching control system to the actual heat pump system, taking into account all the different internal heat pump control strategies. On the other hand, uncertainties also arise on which control aspects are of crucial importance to incorporate, even within a simplified heat pump model. Hence, this paper aims to experimentally investigate the effects of the on-board heat pump control in a Comfort and Climate Box system, while providing energy flexibility services, both for space heating and domestic hot water services. Comparison of experimental results retrieved from a hardware-in-the-loop set-up to results obtained from a simplified heat pump simulation tool for design energy flexibility evaluation showed deviations up to 17.73 % on the flexibility efficiency, 125.95 % on the charging time and 32.90 % on the discharging time. These results prove the requirement of incorporating the internal heat pump control for energy flexibility analysis, even within the design stage. Investigated aspects included the compressor ramping rate, back-up heater control, pump control, temperature measurement location in a thermal energy storage and the hydraulic integration of a thermal energy storage. Results show that especially the compressor ramping rate and mutual influence between the compressor speed, pump speed and back-up heater power cannot be neglected and should be incorporated in any heat pump model for energy flexibility analysis.

Simple hydrated electron-induced electrochemiluminescence determination of alkaline phosphatase with novel time-resolved internal standard strategy at boron doped diamond electrodes

Hydrated electrons were generated at boron doped diamond electrodes in fully aqueous solutions during cathodic pulse polarization and utilized for the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by adapting one of the most common fluorescent methods. In this approach, highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl (MU) is enzymatically generated from non-fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (MUP) substrate and chemically excited in the presence of oxidizing radicals and reducing hydrated electrons. A novel time-resolved internal standard strategy is presented to counter matrix effects to certain degree and to lower signal variation among concurrent measurements. In this unique approach, the cathodic ECL signals of MU and Tb(III)-chelate were separated on the basis of their exceptionally different excited state lifetimes. This enabled more precise determination of ALP by simply measuring the ratio of ECL emissions during and after cathodic excitation pulse with simple two-electrode, single photomultiplier tube setup. The ratiometric ECL signals in the absence and presence of 1.0 % serum (v/v) were interchangeable whereas ratiometric signal recovery in the presence of 10.0 % serum was ∼85 %.

Komunikasi Interpersonal Dan Budaya Kerja Dalam Meningkatkan Hubungan Dengan Pegawai Di Klinik Pelangi Bunda Medika

Internal communication can be understood as the foundation and building blocks of an organizational culture. The existence of an organizational culture that is firmly adhered to by employees will greatly support the process of achieving the company's main goals (Agustini & Purnaningsih, 2018). This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, which is descriptive in nature and Human Relations Theory. The data collection method was carried out using in-depth interviews and observation methods. (Isniyunisyafna, & Isfiantie S, 2020). For employees, the role of effective internal communication in improving good and sustainable relationships is very important. Because good internal communication can strengthen social relationships, increase collaboration, solve problems, develop leadership skills.This research explores the urgency of internal communication in building a strong organizational culture, strengthening social relationships, and improving company performance. Carried out using a qualitative approach and Human Relations Theory, with in-depth interview and observation methods.The importance of internal communication in building a strong organizational culture and supporting the achievement of company goals. The role of internal communications in improving social relationships, collaboration, and leadership skills. A qualitative approach and Human Relations Theory are used to understand the role of internal communication in organizational culture. Data collection methods through in-depth interviews and observation.Analyze the urgency and role of internal communication in building a strong organizational culture. Investigate the impact of internal communications on social relationships, collaboration, and leadership skills. Enrich understanding of the importance of internal communication in the context of organizational culture. Provides insight into effective internal communication practices in improving company performance. Provides a framework for the development of more effective internal communications strategies.

Bank Kalbar's Educational Programs for MSME Revitalization and Community Economic Development

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial to Indonesia's economy, contributing approximately 60.5% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing about 96.9% of the national workforce. Despite the large number of MSMEs and their potential GDP contribution, there is still room for improvement in exports. The government has taken various measures to support MSME development, including policies that encourage digital business growth and education-based training for MSMEs. In West Kalimantan Province (Kalbar), MSMEs play a vital role in regional economic development. Despite their potential, they face several challenges such as access to capital, financial management, and market access. The regional government and the Bank of West Kalimantan have collaborated to revitalize MSMEs post-COVID-19 through various programs, credit schemes, and educational initiatives or training sessions. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods with a case study approach. The research results indicate that MSMEs significantly contribute to West Kalimantan's economic development, despite being impacted by the pandemic. The internal and external revitalization strategies implemented by Bank Kalbar have assisted MSMEs in recovery and adapting to digital-based business models. The study concludes that MSMEs in West Kalimantan have the potential to continue growing and thriving as independent economic entities in a digital-based business environment. The revitalization of MSMEs is a result of collaboration between MSME actors, the government, and banking institutions to achieve regional economic stability and recovery.

Employee Involvement in Internal Communication Activities PT. Pertamina Hulu Energi

Employee involvement is important for a company, where it shows how responsive employees are to the programs created by the company for its employees. How responsive employees are to an activity held by the company's internal communications is also a good record for the internal communications department. This research aims to examine employee involvement at PT. Pertamina Hulu Energiin programs held by the company's internal communications. The research was conducted using descriptive quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires to 470 employees spread throughout Indonesia and also from international branches. The research results show that employee involvement in activities held by the internal organization is very necessary to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of these activities. Communication channels also play a role in the effectiveness of delivering messages to reach employees. How to ensure that messages are well received by employees also requires a good strategy. By integrating internal communications strategies with employee engagement factors such as a participative culture, a supportive communications climate, and the quality of information flow, organizations can build a solid framework that strengthens consistency and synergy between internal communications and employee engagement.