Internal Quality Management System Research Articles

IT Risk Management Analysis Based on ISO 31000 and Bow Tie Analysis (BTA) in Higher Education Institution

The Division of Applications and Software is a part of the Academic Support Unit (UPA) for Information and Communication Technology at Universitas Jember (UNEJ) or UPA TIK UNEJ. Based on interviews, UPA TIK UNEJ has not yet implemented risk management, leading to recurring issues in their IT services. Risk management is crucial for preventing and mitigating negative impacts that can harm the organization. Additionally, it is a requirement for internal quality management system audits, according to UNEJ Rector's Decision Number 20588/UN25/LL/2018. This study aims to identify, analyze, and assess potential risks in the Division of Applications and Software at UPA TIK UNEJ and to apply Bow Tie Analysis (BTA) to identify preventive and mitigative actions for the highest-rated risks. The approach used is ISO 31000:2018, which provides a comprehensive framework for risk management. For in-depth risk analysis, the BTA method, combining event tree analysis (ETA) and fault tree analysis (FTA), is utilized. The research begins with context establishment through interviews, followed by risk identification, analysis, assessment, and mitigation. The results show 21 risks identified in the process of developing information systems or applications. The top three priority risks are coded R02, R04, and R19. The second priority includes 17 risks, and the third priority includes 1 risk.

РИЗИКИ ЯКОСТІ АУДИТОРСЬКИХ ПОСЛУГ

Introduction. Today, more than a million subjects of economic activity in the world are certified according to the ISO 9001 standard - quality management system. The quality management system (QMS) is an integral part of management that follows both market norms and business rules. The practice of implementing QMS, along with the optimistic results of quality improvements, reveals the debatable aspects of such processes. Problem Statement. The International Quality Management Standards application (which is one of the main audit reform directions in Ukraine) is today complicated both by the active pace of the mentioned processes (insufficient time for the unification of quality policies and procedures) and the difficulty of international regulatory practical application policies and procedures regarding audit quality. Subjects quite often postpone their orders for conducting a mandatory audit during the period of martial law, which leads to the emergence of quality control risks. Purpose – coverage of modern trends in the audit quality risks identification and assessment, justification for an audit firm of an alternative internal quality management system as an integral operational management component, that will enable the systematic approach formation to conduct a competitive audit. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization and abstract-logical. Results. The complex nature of quality risks in modern audit conditions, their impact on the validity, reliability and persuasiveness of the auditor's opinion is revealed. The quality risk is investigated based on a comprehensive risk assessment in terms of the audit company's “quality management system” components. Common errors of auditing companies in the quality management system organization, the significance of their impact on compliance with norms and goals of audit quality are given. Based on the conceptual rules and principles of the International Quality Management Standards, alternative components of the “Quality Management System” for the audit company, their structural and logical connections with the identification of the functional role are proposed. Based on the international practice of risk-oriented management, methodical approaches to the identification and risk assessment are proposed, alternatives for internal regulation and specified processes documentation are revealed. Conclusions. The quality management system does not have a simple cycle, its effectiveness lies in systemic regulatory and internal management development. The internal audit of the QMS cannot fulfill its function by declarative decisions only. Due to the established communication with the auditors, interest in the demand for his role, the person responsible for the company's QMS should raise his competence' level, work with quality risks “in advance”. Issues of audit quality risk management highlighted in the article are quite new and require the methodological and practical principles formation of regulation and conceptually unified mechanisms for the implementation of such processes by audit companies.

Construction CSFs for ISO International Quality Management System

Abstract This study aims to discuss the critical success factors of introducing ISO international quality management system, to provide reference for Taiwan's traditional industries when they introduce the ISO international quality management system, and reduce various costs and time process of the introduction. Firstly, this study collects constructs from several relevant literatures, and categorizes 5 primary constructs and 20 secondary constructs based on the actual business situation of Taiwan’s traditional industry. In the second stage, Likert’s five-point scale is used to extract 3 secondary constructs with the highest scores under the 5 primary constructs respectively. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is used to carry out questionnaire survey and obtain the relative weights of various primary and secondary constructs. It obtains the relative weights of 5 primary constructs and several secondary constructs, the primary constructs are “policy-related factors”, “technology-related actors”, “people-related factors”, “documents and data”, and “management review”. Furthermore, it extracts 15 secondary constructs and puts forth 6 propositions as research conclusion. It is hoped that the findings can provide important reference basis for the introduction of ISO international quality management system in Taiwan’s manufacturing industry, and thus speed up the time process and reduce cost of the introduction. JEL classification numbers: C83, M15, O31. Keywords: Manufacturing industry, ISO, Critical success factors.

Implementation Audit Internal of Quality Management System Iso 9001:2015 in the Purchasing Activities Technical Department at Pt Sango Indonesia

This study analyzes of implementation audit internal of the quality management system ISO 9001:2015 in the purchasing activities technical department at PT Sango Indonesia. The aims of this study are to understand the quality standard and quality improvement of PT Sango Indonesia, analyze ISO 9001:2015 quality management standard operational procedure (SOP) in purchasing activities and determine the impact of implementing ISO 9001:2015 internal quality management systems on product quality. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method; the population in this research is all employees at PT Sango Indonesia is 103 employees. The sample in this study was taken from 55 employees who are related to variable research. Meanwhile, the technique of research uses observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Besides that, they analyze data using internal control questionnaire (ICQ), Likert scale and uji statistics. The results of this research show that the implementation of the internal audit quality management system ISO 9001:2015 uses internal control questionnaire (ICQ) in the standard operational procedure (SOP) of purchasing activities at PT Sango Indonesia for each department obtained good strength where department user get percentage middling effective, leadership gets effective, engineering middling effective, purchasing effective, supplier middling effective and accounting effective. In order to support of purchasing activities continuity, In order to support of purchasing activities continuity, it is necessary to create an information system that can provide convenience for purchasing activities process so that the information produced is accurate and appropriate. Then, the average achievement of implementation internal audit for each indicator at PT Sango Indonesia is very effective on internal audit competency and scope internal audit, besides other indicators achievement results are effectiveness. Meanwhile, the result of the statistical test showed that internal audits had a significant effect on product quality with the indicators used by researchers. Thus, the company must disseminate information related to certification ISO 9001:2015 that it carries out activities according to established procedures.

EVALUATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING ISO 9001:2015 AT STARTUP COMPANY

Abstract- The Company requires international standards to be recognized by large companies. The international standard that can be used is ISO 9001:2015, were before implementing directly to formal institutions, companies need to conduct a self-assessment on the achievement of ISO 9001:2015 implementation. The ISO 9001:2015 international quality management system is based on ten principles. These principles are used by senior management as a framework that guides the organization towards improving performance. The rating scale consists of Very Poor, Poor, Moderate, Good, and Very Good, which is converted into a maturity level. The implementation of ISO 9001:2015 has been going well, where the average maturity level obtained by The Company is at levels 3 to 4.
 Keywords: ISO 9001:2015; Maturity Level; Quality Management

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ ПОДХОДА К СИСТЕМЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The purpose of this article is to rethink the universal concept of “Just in Time”, which gained popularity in production management after the introduction of the Japanese Kanban management system. New trends dictate the need for its modernization and the elaboration and implementation of new production management principles that meet the modern requirements of economic development. The new management technology should include parameters that will allow to bring the integrated management of research, development, design, production and sales to a more perfect level. We are talking about global systems of product development (TDS), production (TPS) and marketing (TMS). In order to provide consumers with a high level of QCD and thus respond quickly and effectively to changing customer requests and external changes, it is necessary to apply technology based on a system of triple management concepts – Advanced TDS, TPS & TMS for the active implementation of a unified international quality management system and optimization of the location of production sites.

ISO Standards as a Quality Assurance Mechanism in Higher Education

This article examines and analyses the use of ISO international standards to assure the quality of higher education. It identifies the specifics of the ISO international quality management system in higher education. It makes a comparative analysis of basic principles of ESG, ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 21001 and determines that ISO 9001 standards are general in nature, they do not offer any specific model of the quality assurance management system and provide an organization with the freedom to create its own industry-specific quality assurance system meeting the requirements of the general management system. Therefore, these standards should be used to develop and establish the quality assurance system in higher education. It is stated that ISO 21001 Educational Organizations – Management Systems for Educational Organizations, specially developed for the educational industry, includes the methodological framework to create the effective management system for educational institutions and provides additional mechanisms for the ESG efficient implementation and development. The application of ISO standards in higher education will help improve the quality of rendered services, increase the competitive ability of higher education institutions and stimulate the development of innovative society in the global perspective.

Methodology for staff management assessment efficiency in the medical institutions

This paper considers human resources to be important for the effective functioning and development of the organization in current socio-economic conditions. Corporate management involves the impact on people (corporate staff) primarily. The authors noted that the staff management assessment is a powerful instrument to increase the management process’s effectiveness. The normative documents of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine define the following methods of quality control of medical services: clinical audit and monitoring. The purpose of a clinical audit is to find opportunities to achieve high-quality health care. Continuous tracking of staff provides an opportunity to make effective management decisions and increase productivity. An adequate system for assessing the quality of medical staff should respond not only to the result of medical care but also to prevent defects. Personnel management in health care quality should be carried out to avoid mistakes in the provision of medical care. This concept is designed to create an internal structural quality management system. Therefore, it is essential to understand the assessment process and its interactions at different stages of the management process within the organization. In the paper, the authors determined ways to enhance the medical staff management assessment. The study presents the essence and features of medical staff assessment based on the general principles and methods for assessing the effectiveness of public and private medical institutions. The authors analyzed the medical staff assessment system in medical institutions and identified its features under medical reform. Besides, the study provided the investigation of the current state of the staff assessment of medical institutions. It analyzed the areas of concern in the methods and mechanisms of staff assessment. To investigate the current situation in the medical institution, the structure and movement of medical staff were analyzed. The findings identified the gaps in the current staff assessment system and the reasons for the low rates of nursing staff. The authors highlighted ways to improve the current staff assessment system in the institution through the social satisfaction criterion, interviewing the parturient women and configuration management of quality based on the PDCA cycle. The obtained results showed that the medical institution had different reserves available to increase the parturient women satisfaction with the level of medical services received.

Business analytics of an agricultural higher education institution

The article studies domestic and foreign papers and defines the main tendencies of applying business analytics in business management. The information volume and change space is expected provide for tenfold increase in 3 years. The success of management decisions will depend on the speed of response to new technological opportunities and quality analysis using modern systems. The experience in modern tools of business analytics application in the field of running business and entrepreneurship is investigated. The expediency of business analytics tools and methods application and mechanisms of business processes optimization in management organization of an agricultural institution of higher education is proved. Business analytics tools that can be used to monitor the activities of agricultural institution of higher education were identified. The online visualize and BI-platform Tableau Public were used to analyze the market of agricultural education services according to various competitiveness criteria. The ability to import data from online sources and various document formats, the ability to simultaneously visualize several criteria using different forms of data presentation and filters, as well as instant automatic changes in analytics when changing data are the advantages of using these tools. The algorithm of competitive strategy in the BP Simulator business process simulator is developed. It includes six stages of development: studying the educational services market and defining the needs of consumers of various groups of stakeholders; identification of leaders in the educational services market; identification of strengths and weaknesses of competitors; self-analysis of the institution running, identification of its own strengths and weaknesses; differentiation of services in order to create a unique service; designing a competitive strategy. Key words: business analytics, business process, institution of higher education, competitiveness, internal quality management system, educational services market, student, stakeholders.

Analisis Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Mutu ISO 9001:2015 pada Industri Kecil Menengah Bidang Engineering

Perusahaan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) untuk melakukan peningkatan usahanya dengan berbagai upaya agar terjadi peningkatan produktifitasnya. Upaya untuk peningkatan produktifitasnya melalui pengembangan dan penerapan system manajemen kualitas pada perusahaan. Sistem manajemen kualitas yang diterapkan adalah ISO 9001:2015 yang merupakan standar sistem manajemen kualitas internasional pada IKM di bidang engineering di Karawang. Namun, dalam penerapannya masih banyak karyawan dan tingkat manajerial masih belum banyak mengenal dan memahami, apalagi manfaat serta penerapannya. IKM bidang engineering pengelolaan manajemen lebih sederhana, namun karena persaingan kualitas produk dan harga serta permintaan job order sehingga masih belum serius untuk melakukan penerapannya. Keberlangsungan bisnis IKM sangat ditentukan pelanggan agar menjaga kualitas produknya sesuai memenuhi persyaratan dan audit vendor secara berkala. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, wawancara, diskusi dan penyebaran kuesioner. Penyebaran kesioner pada 5 orang tingkat manajerial untuk 20 perusahaan IKM yang ditunjuk secara acak. Dari hasil penelitiannya bahwa dokumen standar Sistem Manajemen kualitas ISO 9001 pada IKM Bidang Engineering terdapat 8 perusahaan IKM yang sudah memiliki sertiffikat ISO 9001 dan 12 perusahaan IKM yang tidak memiliki sertifikat ISO 9001. Hasil analisis bahwa yang memiliki sertifikat ISO 9001 dan belum memiliki sertifikat ISO 9001 tersebut bahwa pada umumnya kebutuhan dasar seperti dokumen manajemen, simbol-simbol, persyaratan pemenuhan dan lain-lain sudah melakukan penerapannya secara rata-rata mencapai 59%, ini menunjukkan bahwa IKM bidang engineering sudah peduli pentingnya penerapan ISO 9001:2015. Dan sisanya belum melakukan penerapannya secara rata-rata sebesar 41%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pentingnya sertifikasi ISO 9001 pada IKM bidang Engineering masih sangat kurang. Upaya yang dilakukannya adalah setiap perusahaan diperlukan person in charge di bidang system manajemen kualitas perusahaan dan memiliki program kegiatan secra rutin dan pemantauan secara periodik.

Implementation of Internal Quality Guarantee System in Model Schools in Vocational School 1 Kopang

The aim of this study is to describe the implementation of quality mapping, the preparation of quality fulfillment plans, the implementation of quality fulfillment plans and quality audits at vocational school 1 Kopang. This study uses an interpretive paradigm with descriptive qualitative methods with a naturalistic phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques are done through interview, observation and documentation. Checking the validity of the data in qualitative research involves four techniques, namely: credibility, dispensation, reliability, confirmability. The results showed that quality mapping is an activity to identify the strengths and weaknesses of vocational school 1 Kopang based on a quality report map which is then used as the basis for the focus of the program to be implemented in the internal quality assurance system. Quality fulfillment planning that contains program recommendations to be implemented, including the volume of activities, cost needs, and resources involved in the activity is a work plan based on the results of quality mapping at vocational school 1 Kopang. In fulfilling the quality of vocational school 1 Kopang has planned quality by preparing documents such as quality documents, implementation procedures and implementation and supervision forms. The Vocational school 1 Kopang has also carried out quality audits of all established programs. At this stage, the implementation and results of quality fulfillment are in line with the planned strategy, so that the internal quality management system is implemented effectively and efficiently and in accordance with the planned objectives.

Management of Innovations in Public Governance: Quality Management System, Management Controlling and Internal Auditing Appropriation

The race for performance has led some public service organizations to put in place some management innovations such as the implementation of organizational control. Organizational control is a system, a set of mechanisms and tools such as Quality management system, Management controlling, Internal auditing, etc that affects all levels of the organization (strategic and operational levels), to master the decision-making processes, actions, and results. Those organizational control tools don’t bring all expected effects because they are under-used. Internal auditing is used mainly for compliance procedures, management controlling for budgeting and Quality Management, a system for the prescription of procedures which is only a small percentage of the potential functionalities of these tools used punctually or inducing inappropriate behaviors. Those behaviors deprive these organizations of a significant source of synergies and performance. Those observations led to the questions of change management, learning organization, etc that can be included in a general question of appropriation of controlling tools considering Simultaneity Dimension (Simultaneous deployment of those tools), an original dimension little studied in research on appropriation and which corresponds more to the reality of those companies. Appropriation refers to two conceptions. Appropriation as a process inducing the acquisition of knowledge or behaviors concerning an object. Appropriation as a state which implies the assessment of the gap between how an object is integrated by users and its conceptual definition. Appropriation implies consistency between an object and its use. This research is a multiple case study comparing 3 companies, which allowed the enrichment of the appropriation model proposed by De Vaujany (2006) by specifying the predictive factors affecting each of the phases of this process of appropriation of control tools (Internal Auditing, Management controlling and Quality Management System) including the impact of simultaneity in the context of public service organizations in Morocco. For managerial use, those models constitute a frame or a diagnosis methodology to assess the appropriation of organizational control tools for the stimulation of their usage and therefore improve the multidimensional performance of the public service and citizen’s satisfaction. Keywords: appropriation, simultaneity, integrated system, organizational control, public governance, public management.

The Importance of Analysis of Internal Quality Management Systems and Self-Examination Processes in Engineering Accreditation Processes

The Importance of Analysis of Internal Quality Management Systems and Self-Examination Processes in Engineering Accreditation Processes

A study on the feasibility of implementing a quality management system, based on the EFQM model in a School of Engineering

Introduction: Currently, and in a competitive context, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) increasingly depend on the quality of their services, not only to satisfy their different stakeholders, but also to attract funding. In this way, HEIs tend to incorporate Internal Quality Management Systems (IQMS) into their strategy with a view to the continuous improvement of their performance. This work intends to analyze the applicability of an HEI, based on the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model, through its implementation in a public Portuguese HEI. Objectives: Contribute to a critical analysis of the applicability of an IQMS in the organizational performance of an HEI, based on the EFQM model, and implemented in a published HEI. Methods: A number of advantages and difficulties were obtained. For the difficulties obtained, it was proposed a set of suggestions for its overcoming. Results: A number of advantages and difficulties were obtained. For the difficulties obtained, it was proposed a set of suggestions for its overcoming. Conclusions: The application of the SIGQ in the HEI under study, proved to be beneficial, due to a set of perceived advantages, among them, the increase of the organizational efficiency. For each one of the disadvantages identified in the study, a set of solutions was proposed for its mitigation, thus allowing to reinforce the potential of applying the EFQM model in an HEI.

ANALISA ATAS PELAKSANAAN AUDIT MUTU INTERNAL UNTUK MENGEVALUASI EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN MUTU ISO 9001:2000 (Studi Kasus pada PT. Murni Cahaya Pratama)

Quality of Internal Audit is an activity which is very important and is a requirement in the implementation of ISO 9001:2000 standard, which aims to monitor the quality of the verifying the suitability and effectiveness of the implementation of the system of quality compared to the reference standards and policies that have been determined. Quality of Internal Audit is an assessment process and system to see whether the processes and systems in line with documented procedures and to see the effectiveness of the procedure. By doing this assessment, the company will know the condition or situation at this time. In the end, the results of this audit will be used as a tool / material improvement in the action / prevention of at improvement. Therefore, international standards emphasize the importance of audits as a means of monitoring and verification. ISO 9001:2000 is an international standard for quality management system. ISO 9001:2000 define the requirements and recommendations for the design and evaluation of a quality management system, which has the goal to ensure that an organization will provide products that comply with the requirements specified. The ISO 9001:2000 is only quality management standard and is not a standard product. But expected that the product resulting from international quality management system will has a suitable quality this. Implementation of Internal Audit Quality in the PT. Murni Cahaya Pratama program showed that the Internal Audit Quality is in accordance with plans and procedures. Results of Internal Audit Quality use as the improvement efforts for both systems, processes and products. The quality management system ISO 9001:2000 which is applied in PT. Murni Cahaya Pratama quite effective and efficient. However, there are several things that indicate the occurrence of inefisiensi and inefektivitas, this can be viewed from the inconsistency or the findings found at time internal audit been held of it occurs because human error and the lack of knowledge and understanding of the importance of documentation, especially new employees . Advice from the author on the results of the Internal Quality Audit was done in PT. Murni Cahaya Pratama is, for 2009 ISO 9001:2000 and Internal Quality Auditor training should been held immediately, so that all employees understand the importance of procedures and can implemented in their daily activities. Also to improve auditor's ability. Set procedures for the return of goods from the customer (return), so that when the Technical Service bring the returned goods it can be treated accordance with the procedures applicable. Consistent in their assessment of suppliers and maintain records of these assessments. Keywords: Internal Audit Quality, Quality Management System ISO 9001:2000

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ АТЕСТАЦІЇ ВИПУСКНИКІВ-МЕДИКІВ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ЇХ ВСТУПНОГО ЗНО

The versatility of the internal university quality management system (QMS), based on the principles of TQM, provides not only continuous improvement of all processes of a modern higher educational institution. In the Bogomolets National Medical University it has become a link uniting the efforts of administration, faculty and student community on the way to updating and harmonizing the expectations of the society and the results of the training of future physicians. The process of forming students’ contingent is one of the essential elements of QMS. Particular attention to the terms of selection of university entrants determines the level of success of their academic performance, and a scientifically sound approach to the results of EIE at the entrance to university makes it possible to predict the results of internal and external evaluation. Basing on the comparative analysis, the informative value of the indicators of the EIE certificates of the Bogomolets National Medical University entrants has been established in order to predict the success of licensing integrated examinations «Krok 1» and «Krok 2» as the elements of external evaluation within the attestation of medical faculties graduates. Informativity of an EIE-indicator of three competitive subjects at level <150 points does not exceed the following for the EIE-indicator of biology, but the proportion of such students among the contingent was 5,4 times higher. The introduction of a limit for a minimum EIE-certificate score is one of the most effective tools of “contingent selection”. It will enhance the quality of training medical students according to the requests and expectations of all stakeholders. Guided by the obtained results, in 2017, the NMU introduced a limit of 140 points for the biology EIE-certificates, and in 2018 - a limit of 150 points for three competitive subjects.

Towards healthy learning climates in postgraduate medical education: exploring the role of hospital-wide education committees

BackgroundPostgraduate medical education prepares residents for delivery of high quality patient care during training as well as for later practice, which makes high quality residency training programs crucial to safeguard patient care. Healthy learning climates contribute to high quality postgraduate medical education. In several countries, modernization of postgraduate medical education has resulted in hospital-wide responsibilities for monitoring learning climates. This study investigates the association between the actions undertaken by hospital-wide education committees and learning climates in postgraduate medical education.MethodsResearch conducted in December 2010 invited 57 chairs of hospital-wide education committees to complete a questionnaire on their implemented level of quality improvement policies. We merged the survey data from 21 committees that oversaw training programs and used the Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test (D-RECT) instrument in 2012 to measure their training programs’ learning climate. We used descriptive statistics and linear mixed models to analyse associations between the functioning of hospital-wide education committees and corresponding learning climates.ResultsIn total, 812 resident evaluations for 99 training programs in 21 teaching hospitals were available for analysis. The implementation level of the internal quality management systems as adopted by the hospital-wide education committees varied from 1.6 to 2.6 on a 5 point Likert-scale (ranging from 1 (worst) to 5 (best)). No significant associations were found between the functioning of the committees and corresponding learning climates.ConclusionsThe contribution of hospital-wide committees to creating healthy learning climates is yet to be demonstrated. The absence of such an association could be due to the lack of a Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle guiding the policy as implemented by the committees and the lack of involvement of departmental leadership. Insight into the impact of these strategies on learning climates will benefit the quality of postgraduate medical education and, hopefully, patient care.

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH QUALITY AUDIT IN AUSTRIAN HIGHER EDUCATION

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати процедуру, цілі та ефективність забезпечення якості вищої освіти у Австрії.Основна частина. На початку ХХІ століття у розвинутих країнах світу актуалізується проблема забезпечення якості вищої освіти. Забезпечення високоякісної освіти на всіх її етапах і рівнях, оцінювання її результативності та управління якістю – одне з основних завдань сьогодення. Аудит якості – це систематичний і незалежний аналіз, що дозволяє визначити відповідність діяльності і результатів в області якості запланованих заходів; процедура з оцінки і сертифікації внутрішньої системи управління якістю вищого навчального закладу.Висновки. У статті проаналізовано підходи до аудиту в Австрії. Представлено різні підходи до впровадження аудиту у освітню систему Австрії і висвітлено проблему забезпечення якості як з погляду відповідних органів, так і з погляду закладів вищої освіти. У статті розглянуто питання термінології, цілей аудиту, національного законодавства та процедури аудиту.

10 Jahre Qualitätssicherung Dialyse in Deutschland – Bilanz und Ausblick

BackgroundIn 2006, the Federal Joint Committee introduced a quality assurance programme for ambulatory dialysis treatment in Germany. Regarding the impact of chronic dialysis treatment on the quality of life of patients and on health care costs, quality assurance in dialysis is considered highly relevant. The directive on Quality Assurance in Dialysis (QSD-RL) established an external quality assurance programme on the basis of the assessment of certain quality parameters combined with an internal quality management system based on benchmarking parameters in all dialysis practices and centres. Data on quality parameters are collected and analysed quarterly. Regional associations of statutory health insurance physicians take responsibility for quality improvement measures and sanctions. This article aims to provide an overview of the development of quality parameters from 2008 to 2015. MethodsWe analysed the summarised annual quality reports published on the website of the Federal Joint Committee between 2009 and 2016. We present results on the so-called core quality parameters duration and frequency of dialysis sessions (both for haemodialysis patients), wKt/V for peritoneal dialysis patients, and percentage of haemodialysis patients with central venous catheters which has only been measured since 2014. Results and conclusionsIn 2015, 92,000 patients received outpatient dialysis. Between 2008 and 2015, the results for the core quality parameters duration and frequency of haemodialysis improved while the results for wKt/V seemingly show an unfavourable trend. The percentage of patients with central venous catheters appears to be quite high, and thus indicates that there is potential for quality improvement. Future perspectivesFor the future, the Federal Joint Committee has resolved to merge the quality assurance programmes in dialysis and in kidney transplantation into a newly designed programme that has the potential to follow patients through all stages and kinds of renal replacement therapy and to focus on further aspects of treatment quality.

The Competence Screening Questionnaire for Higher Education: Adaptable to the needs of a study programme

There is a lively discussion on how to evaluate competence-based higher education in both evaluation and competence research. The instruments used are often limited to course evaluation or specific competences, taking a rather narrow perspective. Furthermore, the instruments often comprise predetermined competences that cannot be adapted to higher education needs. The aim of this paper is to provide a flexible screening instrument into which practitioners/evaluators of study programmes can themselves insert the competences they are interested in, i.e. competences students ought to acquire through their study programme. The present study describes the development of the Competence Screening Questionnaire for Higher Education (CSQ-HE) in different domains of higher education. Results show that the CSQ-HE provides plausible screening information whilst fulfilling evaluation standards. It can be integrated into a higher education institution’s internal quality management system to demonstrate a programme’s legitimacy and enhance competence-based teaching and learning. Strengths, weaknesses and implications for practice are discussed.