Internal Organs Of Rats Research Articles

Assessment of Quality and Safety of Winged Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) Enriched Locally Formulated Complementary Foods

Addition of edible insects to local staples used as complementary foods can improve their nutrient content. Nutritional quality and safety of Macrotermes bellicosus enriched boiled rice (BR) and yam (BY) complementary foods (CFs) was assessed using rats. Macrotermes bellicosus (MB) were collected, dried, and refrigerated at -4oC. Ground MB was added to BR and BY in ratios 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0% (w/w) to give BR1, BY1; BR2, BY2, and BR3, BY3 respectively. Nutrient content of MB, BY, BR and MB-enriched CFs were determined by AOAC methods. Nutrient bioavailability and safety of BR3 and BY3 were assessed using rats fed ad libitum for 28 days. Serum trace minerals in the CFs, control and basal diets and histopathological effects of CFs on rats’ organs were determined. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Dried MB contained 31.8g protein, 16.4g fat, 3.8g ash, 227.5mg calcium, 2.1mg iron, 15.0mg zinc, 330.4μg retinol equivalent (RE), and 529.0kcal energy/100g sample. The BR and BY contained 3.7-5.9g protein, 70.0-120mg calcium,4.2-5.6mg iron, 1.2-1.5mg zinc and 380- 386kcal/100g compared with 7.9-15.3g protein, 242.2-264mg calcium, 2.4-4.4mg iron, 15.1-19.8mg zinc and 357-372kcal/100g enriched CFs (p<0.05). Rats Serum trace minerals ranged between 3.4- 4.3mg zinc, 23.4-27.9mg calcium, 30.6-37.0mg iron; and 52.5-56.9μg RE, compared with control (3.2, 22.2, 34.1, 48.2) and basal (2.2, 21.1, 24.0 mg, 32.3 μg) diets respectively (p<0.05). No pathological lesions were observed in internal organs of rats on CF diets. Adding Macrotermes bellicosus to local complementary foods is safe and improved their nutritional quality, hence its use is recommended among mothers.

Dynamics of cadmium acclumulation in the internal organs of rats after exposure to cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphide nanopartiles of various sizes.

The article presents the results of study of cadmium accumulation in the internal organs of Wistar rats after prolonged intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphide nanoparticles of 4-6 nm and 9-11 nm in size in a dose of 0.08 mg /kg/day calculated as cadmium. Toxic effects were evaluated after 30 injections (1.5 months), 60 injections (3 months), and 1.5 months after the exposure has been ceased. The results of the study showed that the most intensive accumulation of cadmium was observed in the kidneys and liver of experimental animals, which is due to the peculiarities of the toxicokinetics and the route of administration of cadmium compounds. In the kidneys, spleen and thymus of animals exposed to cadmium sulphide nanoparticles, a greater concentration of cadmium than in the organs of animals exposed to cadmium chloride was found. Cadmium accumulated more intensively in the spleen after exposure to larger nanoparticles, than in the kidneys and thymus. In the liver, heart, aorta and brain significant accumulation was observed after cadmium chloride exposure.

Pathomorphological and histochemical changes in the internal organs of rats after chronic effect of phenols derivatives in the prolonged experiment.

Background. Neonols are known as ethoxylated phenol derivatives which have surfactant properties and adversely affect the structure and function of organs by changes in biochemical reactions in the body. Objective. The purpose of this study was the morphological characteristics of liver, kidneys, spleen, adrenal, lung, small intestine, stomach, pancreas, heart of rats under load with various doses of toxic phenol derivatives for a prolonged experiment. Methods. Tissues were fixed in neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohol and embedded in paraffin. Staining of sections with hematoxylin and eosin was performed according to standard procedures. The 10 mkm sections of organs frozen in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196°C were prepared in a cryostat at -18 ° C. In these sections cytophotometric study determined dehydrogenase by tetrazolium salts. Results. It was found that at a dose of 1/1000 DL50 morphological changes in organs are not observed. The oral administration of aqueous solutions of phenol derivatives in doses of 1/10 and 1/100 DL50 caused pathological changes in liver morphology, kidney, spleen and adrenal glands. As a result of the long-term experiment the expanded pericapillary spaces of the liver, deformation of the kidney glomeruli, dilatation of lymphoid follicles of the spleen and enlargement of sinusoidal capillaries in adrenal glands were revealed. Histochemically phenol derivatives increased histological enzymatic activity in the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, spleen or lead to a modification of activity in the structural units of the organ. Conclusion. The prolonged intoxication by phenol derivatives is critical factor for the development of disorders in structural integrity of tissues in liver, kidneys, spleen, adrenal glands and their further dysfunction.

Impact of silica dioxide nanoparticles on the morphology of internal organs in rats by oral supplementation

Impact of silica dioxide nanoparticles on the morphology of internal organs in rats by oral supplementation

Влияние наночастиц диоксида кремния на морфологию внутренних органов у крыс при пероральном введении

Влияние наночастиц диоксида кремния на морфологию внутренних органов у крыс при пероральном введении

Physiological and morphological changes of internal organs in rats of their poisoning by lead on the background of use the nanoenterosorbent “Ingo-2”

Physiological and morphological changes of internal organs in rats of their poisoning by lead on the background of use the nanoenterosorbent “Ingo-2”

Characteristic anatomical structures of rat temporal bone

As most gene sequences and functional structures of internal organs in rats have been well studied, rat models are widely used in experimental medical studies. A large number of descriptions and atlas of the rat temporal bone have been published, but some detailed anatomy of its surface and inside structures remains to be studied. By focusing on some unique characteristics of the rat temporal bone, the current paper aims to provide more accurate and detailed information on rat temporal bone anatomy in an attempt to complete missing or unclear areas in the existed knowledge. We also hope this paper can lay a solid foundation for experimental rat temporal bone surgeries, and promote information exchange among colleagues, as well as providing useful guidance for novice researchers in the field of hearing research involving rats.

Morphological study of the internal organs in rats with alloxan diabetes and transplanted liver tumor after intravenous injection of gold nanorods

The effects of gold nanorods to internal organs and liver tumors were studied in rats with combined pathology - alloxan diabetes and transplanted liver tumors at single intravenous administration. The evaluation of morphological and functional changes and gold biodistribution in the internal organs and transplanted liver tumor were conducted. It was found that single intravenous injection of gold nanorods did not cause significant morphological changes in the inner organs and tumor. There was a significant accumulation of gold in the liver and spleen in animals in all experimental groups.

Mitochondrial oxidation in the internal organs of rats with cranial injury and diabetes mellitus

Aim. To study the relation between the processes of mitochondrial oxidation and the intensity of lipid peroxidation, pulmonary and cardiac proteins oxidative modification at cranial injury, diabetes mellitus and at both. Methods. Experiments were carried out on 100 male white rats distributed to the following groups: the first group (n=10) - control group consisted of 10 intact animals, the second group (n=40) - rats with simulated cranial injury, the third group (n=10) - rats with experimental diabetes mellitus, the fourth group (n=40) - rats with simulated cranial injury and experimental diabetes mellitus. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 3, 24 hours, 5 and 14 days after the cranial injury. Cardiac and pulmonary energy supply was estimated by the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and hydrogen potassium ATPase, as well as by the level of adenine nucleotides. Intensity of free-radical protein and lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the levels of neutral and base aldehyde and ketone derivatives and active products reacting with thiobarbituric acid. Results. Decrease of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase activity, a significant increase of hydrogen potassium ATPase activity in heart and lungs mitochondria was observed in rats with cranial injury, diabetes mellitus and especially with both conditions. Adenosine triphosphate tissue reserves have significantly decreased, while adenosine diphosphate and monophosphate levels increased, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation processes activated. Conclusion. In rats with cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus, lipid and protein peroxidation intensity parameters, the intensity of oxidative stress and the levels of macroergic substanses were significantly worse compared to the same parameters in the injured animals with normal blood glucose level.

Histological similarity of primo vascular systems derived from three internal organs of rats

BackgroundThe primo vascular system has been suggested as the third circulatory system. Although primo tissues have been observed in various tissues isolated from a number of animal species, including mice, rats, and rabbits, very few reports on the histological characteristics of primo tissues from different body parts are available. This study was designed to compare the histological characteristics of primo tissues isolated from different body parts of rats. MethodsRats were anesthetized and operated on, to locate primo tissues. The primo tissues were searched at the all organs’ surface and in lymphatic vessels using suitable finding methods. The tissues found were then separated and observed by histological test methods. ResultsThis histological study revealed that there was no difference between the histological characteristics of the organ-surface primo tissues, the primo tissues inside lymphatic vessels, and the primo tissues on the falciform ligament. Moreover, primo tissues could be differentiated from those with a similar structure, such as lymphatic vessels and blood vessels, by immunostaining against a-LYVE-1 and a-CD31, and can be observed by specific immunostaining against the Von Willebrand factor (vWF). ConclusionThe results of this study support the fact that primo tissues could possibly constitute a third circulatory system in the whole-body network.

Prooxidant and antioxidant activity of blood plasma and histology of internal organs of rats after intravenous administration of magnetite nanoparticles

The effect of a single and multiple intravenous injections of a nanosized magnetite suspension on total prooxidant and antioxidant activity of blood plasma has been investigated by the method of luminol-dependent chemoluminescence. Magnetite nanoparticles possess dose-dependent prooxidant properties due to their iron atoms and at the same time their trigger compensatory activation of antioxidant systems in the rat blood plasma. After a single intravenous administration of magnetite the studied parameters of blood plasma returned to the normal level by the end of the experiment as due to removal of nanoparticles from the body. In the case of multiple administration of the magnetite suspension dose-dependent changes in the pro- and antioxidant plasma activity persist during the whole experiment. Accumulation of magnetite particles in the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system in the rats’ liver, lungs and kidneys is associated with hemodynamic damages, local dystrophic and necrotic changes of parenchyma in these organs. After a single intravenous injection magnetite nanoparticles are identified in the rat organs for 40 days, but their number decreases by the end of the experiment.

Prooxidant and antioxidant activity of blood plasma and histology of internal organs of rats after intravenous administration of magnetite nanoparticles

The effect of a single and multiple intravenous injections of a nanosized magnetite suspension on total prooxidant and antioxidant activity of blood plasma has been investigated by the method of luminol-dependent chemoluminescence. Magnetite nanoparticles possess dose-dependent prooxidant properties due to their iron atoms and at the same time their trigger compensatory activation of antioxidant systems in the rat blood plasma. After a single intravenous administration of magnetite the studied parameters of blood plasma returned to the normal level by the end of the experiment as due to removal ofnanoparticles from the body. In the case of multiple administration of the magnetite suspension dose-dependent changes in the pro- and antioxidant plasma activity persist during the whole experiment. Accumulation of magnetite particles in the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system in the rats' liver, lungs and kidneys is associated with hemodynamic damages, local dystrophic and necrotic changes of parenchyma in these organs. After a single intravenous injection magnetite nanoparticles are identified in the rat organs for 40 days, but their number decreases by the end of the experiment.

Mutagenicity and Oral Toxicity Studies of Terminalia chebula

The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. (T. chebula), which is a member of the Combfreetaceae family, is used widely in Asian countries as a traditional folk medicine, and its extract has been reported to be an anticancer, antidiabetic and anticaries agent. In our previous study, chebulic acid isolated from T. chebula extract was confirmed to show antioxidant activity and protective action against endothelial cell dysfunction. In order to support the safety-in-use of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion of a T. chebula ethanol extract containing 29.4% chebulic acid content, the prepared portion was tested in an in vitro mutagenicity assay, and a single- and 14-day repeated dose oral toxicity study. In the bacterial mutation assay, up to 5000 µg/mL concentration of the EtOAc-soluble portion, the numbers of colonies did not increase whether with or without metabolic activation. In the oral toxicity study, the single oral dose of the extract at 2000 mg/kg did not produce mortality or abnormal lesions in the internal organs of rats. The results of a 14-day orally repeated dose showed that the EtOAc-soluble portion of T. chebula ethanol extracts gave no adverse effects at dosages of 2000 mg/kg in rats in the study.

Effect of anticoagulants on the capillary resistance of internal organs of rats.

Effect of anticoagulants on the capillary resistance of internal organs of rats.

Voltage‐dependent potassium currents of novel threadlike structure on the surface of internal organs in rats

The electrophysiological properties of novel threadlike structure (NTS) on the surface of internal organs were investigated using whole cell patch clamp technique. NTS had well‐developed branches and were joined to a corpuscle (NTSC). Voltage clamp analysis revealed that the current‐voltage relationship (I–V) was highly non‐linear and can be divided into four types (Type I ~ IV) by slope conductance and their passive membrane properties in NTS cells. The outward current was inhibited, while residual currents were existed in outward and inward currents, by the voltage‐dependent potassium (Kv) channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (TEA), in a concentration‐dependent manner (IC50: 4.30 ± 1.71 and 4.43 ± 1.92 mM at +60 mV and −60 mV, respectively). These results indicated that the current was mainly carried by K+ ions. In addition, the resting membrane potential was depolarized by administration of 30 mM TEA. A systematic screening using RT‐PCR technique showed that genes of Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv2.1, Kv3.2, Kv3.3, Kv3.4, Kv4.1, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 were expressed in NTSC. Taken together, our results indicated that Kv channel has an important role in regulating the membrane potential of NTSC cells.

Diclofenac and ketoprofen toxicity in rat

Event Abstract Back to Event Diclofenac and ketoprofen toxicity in rats Zdenko Tomic1, Ana Sabo1, Boris Milijasevic1*, V Jakovljevic1, Aleksandar Raskovic1, Nebojsa Stilinovic1 and Dusan Lalosevic1 1 University of Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacology, Toxycology and Clinical Pharmacology, Serbia Introduction. Diclofenac and ketoprofen are drugs with good therapeutical effect and great consumption. New literature data show increased frequency of acute myocardial infarction with use of these drugs, especially diclofenac, but after use of ketoprofen risk is significantly lower.The aim of study was to investigate influence of diclofenac and ketoprofen on macroscopic and microscopic changes of internal organs and on function of internal organs watching hematocrit, fibrinogen quantity, concentration of Na+ and K+. Methods. The study was performed on mature rats Wistar strain. The animals were divided in seven experimental groups (control group; groups treated with diclofenac and ketoprofen p.o. with one dose; groups treated with diclofenac and ketoprofen p.o. 7 days respectively with 7 doses; groups treated with diclofenac i ketoprofen i.p. 28 days respectively with 28 doses). Results. Diclofenac and ketoprofen were showed toxic effect on treated animals, but in greater percentage diclofenac. There were noticed macroscopic and microscopic changes on internal organs of rats and this changes were more expressed in animals that were receiving diclofenac. Treatment with diclofenac had significant influence on Na+ concentration of investigated animals, in difference to ketoprofen. The increasing concentration of K+ we were noticed in animal serum of group K7 and D28. In all experimental groups there was noticed significant fall of hematocrit values and this appearance was highest in the group that was receiving diclofenac for 7 days. Seven day treatment of rats with diclofenac and ketoprofen produced pathological changes of organs and because of that there was significant increase of fibrinogen values in relation with control. After the 28 days changes of fibrinogen values were not different from control values. Conclusion. On the basis of results we concluded that vital organ changes were more expressed in rats treated with receiving diclofenac in relation with ketoprofen. Keywords: Diclofenac, Ketoprofen, Toxicity, Rats Conference: 8th Southeast European Congress on Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity - XEMET 2010, Thessaloniki, Greece, 1 Oct - 5 Oct, 2010. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Xenobiotic toxicity Citation: Tomic Z, Sabo A, Milijasevic B, Jakovljevic V, Raskovic A, Stilinovic N and Lalosevic D (2010). Diclofenac and ketoprofen toxicity in rats. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: 8th Southeast European Congress on Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity - XEMET 2010. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2010.60.00205 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 28 Oct 2010; Published Online: 04 Nov 2010. * Correspondence: Dr. Boris Milijasevic, University of Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacology, Toxycology and Clinical Pharmacology, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia, borismed@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Zdenko Tomic Ana Sabo Boris Milijasevic V Jakovljevic Aleksandar Raskovic Nebojsa Stilinovic Dusan Lalosevic Google Zdenko Tomic Ana Sabo Boris Milijasevic V Jakovljevic Aleksandar Raskovic Nebojsa Stilinovic Dusan Lalosevic Google Scholar Zdenko Tomic Ana Sabo Boris Milijasevic V Jakovljevic Aleksandar Raskovic Nebojsa Stilinovic Dusan Lalosevic PubMed Zdenko Tomic Ana Sabo Boris Milijasevic V Jakovljevic Aleksandar Raskovic Nebojsa Stilinovic Dusan Lalosevic Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Safety Evaluation of Yeast Hydrolysate (Notress)

The yeast hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated for acute/subacute toxicity on female and male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The single oral dose of the hydrolysate at 5,000 mg/kg did not produce mortality or significant changes in the general behavior and gross appearance of the internal organs of rats. In subacute toxicity study, the hydrolysate was administered orally at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day for a period of 14 days. The satellite group was treated with the hydrolysate at the same dose and the same period and kept for another 14 days after treatment. There were no significant differences in organ weights between control and treated group of both sexes. Hematological analysis and blood chemistry revealed no toxicity effects of S.cerevisiae hydrolysate. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. These results show that the hydrolysate possesses very low toxicity as indicated in SD rat model.

Development of a Laparoscopic System for In Vivo Observation of the Bonghan Structure

Bonghan structures composed of corpuscles and ducts have been observed in numerous animal experiments. The structure has been suggested to be the physical substrate for acupuncture points and meridians used in traditional Chinese medicine. The corpuscle-duct structure on the organ surface has been extensively studied. However, it was only observed after the abdomen of a rat was fully exposed. It may be desirable to observe these structures under minimally invasive conditions. Our laparoscope is specifically designed for in situ, in vivo observation of the Bonghan structure on the surface of internal organs in rats. We made a laparoscope consisting of a borescope combined with an illumination module and an imaging data acquisition part. The Bonghan structure is transparent and is hard to see, even with the borescope. Spraying a specific dye, trypan blue and washing with saline is a necessary process to visualize the structure. For this reason, we devised a staining and washing system attached in parallel with the borescope in the laparoscopic system. The system operated successfully to reveal a Bonghan structure without surgery. This tool opens a host of possible applications such as observation of flow of stained liquid or drug in the Bonghan duct flowing from the skin to internal organs, and long-term observation of the physiological changes in Bonghan corpuscles.

Noninvasive photoacoustic imaging of the thoracic cavity and the kidney in small and large animals

The internal organs of rats and rabbits were clearly imaged noninvasively using a deeply penetrating reflection-mode photoacoustic imaging system. This imaging system had previously been found to provide an imaging depth limit of approximately 38 mm. In the thoracic cavity, major blood vessels connecting to the heart were imaged, and the right atrium was imaged as deeply as approximately 8 mm. In the abdominal cavities, the kidney and vena cava inferior were also imaged in situ. The vena cava inferior approximately 13.7 mm deep was imaged. The kidney of a New Zealand white rabbit was also imaged. This study shows the deep internal organ imaging capability of the system in animals. This technology can potentially be used to study tumors in internal organs, and be adapted to clinical diagnosis.

Ingestion of Black Chokeberry Fruit Extract Leads to Intestinal and Systemic Changes in a Rat Model of Prediabetes and Hyperlipidemia

This report presents a complex analysis of changes proceeding in the gut, blood and internal organs of rats with induced oxidative stress, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia after dietary supplementation with an extract from black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit, that is a condensed source of polyphenols (714 mg/g), especially anthocyanin glycosides (56.6%). The disturbances mimicking those observed in metabolic syndrome were induced by a high-fructose diet and simultaneous single injection of streptozotocin (20 mg/kg). Dietary supplementation with the chokeberry fruit extract (0.2%) decreased activity of maltase and sucrase as well as increased activity of lactase in the mucosa of the small intestine. Its ingestion led also to the improvement of antioxidant status, especially, the concentration of a lipid peroxidation indicator (TBARS) in organ tissues (liver, kidney and lung) was normalized; some cholesterol-lowering and distinct hypoglycemic actions were also observed. The mechanism of glucose reduction is likely to be multifactorial, and we suggest the factors related with the decreased activity of mucosal disaccharidases important for further investigation. In conclusion, chokeberry fruit derivatives may act as a promising supplementary therapeutic option in the prevention and treatment of disorders occurring in metabolic syndrome, as well as their complications.