Internal Environmental Management Research Articles

Contribution of Green Supply Chain Management Practices towards a Sustainable Development—Applied Study in the Food Industry in Lebanon

This paper explores the effect of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices on the dimensions of Sustainable Development (SD) in the context of the Lebanese food industry. It aimed to examine to what extent GSCM practices and SD schemes are perceived in the food industry. As there is a growing concern and raising awareness of traceability among consumers in the food supply, researches can have a contribution to develop sustainability in food industry. As such, six GSCM practices, namely Eco-design (ED), Internal Environmental Management (IEM), Investment Recovery (IR), Green Purchasing (GP), Environmental Cooperation (EC) and Reverse Logistics (RL) were employed. These six GSCM variables were used to analyze structural relationships with the three dimensions of the SD, that is to say economic, environmental and social performances. The proposed model was tested using a questionnaire based survey via two modes of face to face and emails using a plant survey, senior managers of 88 food companies in Lebanon. The data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS statistical programs. An Exploratory (Unrestricted) Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory (Restricted) Factor Analysis (CFA) and multiple regressions were applied. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that the GSCM practices IR, GP, ED and IEM had significant relationships with one or more of the SD dimensions.On the basis of the findings, implications that may ameliorate the effect of GSCM practices on the SD dimensions can be taken into consideration. For instance, the enhance of the environmental cooperation with the suppliers and customers, improving the image of the company in the mind of their customers, reinforcing the commitment of GSCM from managers, utilization of cleaner technology, activation of internal performance evaluation system, enhancing the labor conditions and performing special training for workers on environmental issues.

중국 중장비 제조기업의 친환경 공급망관리가 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the impact of green supply chain management (Green SCM) on corporate performance in China's heavy machinery manufacturing. Research design, data, and methodology: This study employed a survey to collect data from key Chinese companies in heavy machinery manufacturing. The questionnaire was developed through a pilot study and in-depth interviews, and the survey was conducted from April to June 2024. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0. Results: Analysis revealed that internal environmental management, eco-design, and investment recovery inf luenced both environmental and operational performance positively. Eco-design had the greatest impact on environmental performance, while internal environmental management and investment recovery significantly contributed to operational performance. The total explained variance was 72.871%, indicating meaningful correlations between variables. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that Green SCM enables companies in the heavy machinery industry to fulfill their environmental responsibilities while improving operational efficiency. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening eco-design and internal environmental management practices for sustainable business development.

Effects of green human resource management, internal environmental management and developmental culture between lean six sigma and operational performance

Effects of green human resource management, internal environmental management and developmental culture between lean six sigma and operational performance

The Effect Of Internal Environmental Management On The Performance Of Cement Companies In Indonesia With Mediation Green Supply Chain Management Practices

The global challenge of preserving the environment, meeting demand, and ensuring corporate sustainability drives the cement industry to implement strategies in its supply chain. The practice of green supply chain management is one of the strategies that are well applied in the face of the challenges to the cement industry. Through the GSCM practical dimension consisting of green manufacturing, green purchasing, green transportation, and green facilities, this research will test the impact of the application of GSCM on the performance of cement companies in Indonesia. The thesis used primary data and obtained 224 respondents from 13 groups of cement companies that are part of the Indonesian Cement Association (ASI). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS) techniques using smartPLS software version 3.2.9. Research results show that internal environmental management influences GSCM practices and influences the performance of cement companies in Indonesia. Green purchasing only has a positive impact on operational performance and has no impact on the environmental, economic, or social performance of the company. Green transportation is positive for the economic, operational, and social performances of the enterprise but does not have an impact on environmental performance. The study also found that green supply chain management practices strengthen the relationship between internal environmental management and the performance of cement companies in Indonesia.

Circular economy implementation and sustainability performance of the textile industry in an emerging economy

PurposeThis study attempts to explore the association between circular economy implementation and sustainability performance for the textile industry in Vietnam. This study also investigated the influences of corporate green commitment on implementing circular economy practices as well as the moderating effect of corporate green efficacy on the relationship between corporate green commitment and circular economy implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe circular economy practices in the study were divided into three categories: internal environmental management, eco-design, and investment recovery. Sustainability performance consists of economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance. A questionnaire survey on Vietnam’s textile companies was conducted in the study to test the proposed research framework.FindingsResearch findings reveal that corporate green commitment significantly influences the implementation of circular economy practices, and circular economy practices have significantly positive influences on sustainability performance. Corporate green efficacy significantly moderates the association between corporate green commitment and circular economy implementation.Originality/valueAs one of the first empirical studies focusing on the circular economy issues in Vietnam’s textile industry, this study extended the understanding of the antecedents and consequences of implementing circular economy practices. The research results are theoretically and practically meaningful.

The Impact of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Return on Equity : A Comparative Study between the United States and China

The primary aim of this study is to assess the relationship between Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices and the Return on Equity (ROE) of industrial sector firms in the United States and China during the implications of the US-China Trade War. Principal Component Analysis and Random Effects Regression Analysis are employed to empirically test the impact of four Green Supply Chain Management practices which are: Internal Environmental Management, Green Purchasing, Eco Design, and Customer Cooperation on ROE. A sample of 50 firms in the US and 50 firms in China is employed to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between Eco Design and ROE in both countries. However, a significant negative relationship between Internal Environmental Management and ROE is concluded in China only. This research contributes to identifying out and classifying the reported practices of the Green Pillar in firms’ Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) reports under their related Green Supply Chain Management practices to provide a theoretical framework and facilitate future research. This paper proposes that policy makers, managers, and practitioners should accept sustainability as a strategic priority prior to implementing Green Supply Chain Management and suggests that firms should be confident of the long-term profitability of implementing Green Supply Chain Management practices.

A Study on Impact of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on the Environmental Performance of Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka

Setting new strategies has become necessary due to increased attention to environmental concerns and a rising tendency among nations and organizations toward environmental sustainability. This study explores the impact of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on environmental performance in the Sri Lankan apparel industry. As a result, the study's objectives are to identify the impact of green supply chain management practices on environmental performance and provide recommendations for improving the environmental performance of the apparel industry. This study mainly focused on investigating the level of green supply chain management practices (GSCMP) including Internal Environment Management (IE), Eco Design (ED), Green Manufacturing (GM), Green Purchasing (GP), and Cooperation with Customers (CC). By adopting the convenience sampling technique and quantitative survey method and using a self-administered questionnaire, the study collects data from 60 employees, including managers and executives, from three leading apparel manufacturing companies located in the Western and North Western provinces of Sri Lanka. These findings imply that GSCMP are more likely to impact environmental performance, as evidenced by correlations and regression analyses. The study will analyze the data to identify the extent to which green supply chain management practices are implemented in the industry and provide insights into the potential benefits of green supply chain management practices for the apparel industry in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the study's limitations are discussed, and potential areas for further research based on the study's findings are highlighted.An exploratory study can also examine the influence of GSCMP practices on organizational performance based on the other service sectors of Sri Lanka.

Impact of green supply chain management on social performance through economic undergraduate’s view

The perspectives of economic students in Can Tho City, Vietnam were investigated in order to have a deeper understanding of the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) and social performance. A comprehensive survey was conducted on a sample size of 526 undergraduate students enrolled in business administration and international business courses. This study effort examined the impact of several subcomponents of GSCM on social performance. The inclusion of green production, green distribution, green supply chain management, and environmental education was seen. The coefficients of 0.24 and 0.115 suggest a favorable relationship between green procurement and internal environmental management and social performance. The existing scholarly literature presents several instances in which the implementation of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has resulted in enhanced societal performance. The objective of this study is to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the many factors that influence the performance of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) in improving financial outcomes. The investigation also encompasses the examination of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) and its influence on societal performance. The authors propose that the extent to which graduates were exposed to GSCM education throughout their college years will have a substantial impact on their contributions to their respective fields and to society as a whole. Individuals who proactively pursue higher education by enrolling in college and focusing their studies on attaining a business degree are more likely to increase their chances of achieving success as entrepreneurs. Hence, these affluent proprietors of companies possess the potential to expand their operations and provide significant economic benefits at a macro level. In order to ensure the enduring viability of businesses, local communities, and the natural environment, educational institutions should provide curricula including corporate social responsibility, volunteerism, and ecologically conscious manufacturing methods. The integration of environmental stewardship with ethical business practices is crucial.

The Application of Network Analysis for Green R&D Indicators (Case Study of the Home Appliance Industry)

The objective of the present study is to develop a model for green research and development (R&D) in the path towards sustainable development within the home appliance industry. This research is applied in nature and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Initially, through a literature review, 30 factors were identified as indicators for green development and formulation and were categorized into five dimensions: green management, product performance and stakeholders, internal environment management, green innovation, and energy and resource consumption management. To screen and validate the factors extracted from the literature, the fuzzy Delphi method was used by surveying 15 selected experts through purposive sampling, which led to the identification of 25 components across the five dimensions. Subsequently, the importance of each criterion and sub-criterion was determined based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, using a pairwise comparison questionnaire with Super Decisions software. The reliability of the tool was confirmed with a consistency ratio below 0.1. Based on the findings, green management, with a weight of (0.261), has the highest priority among the other criteria. Similarly, the product performance and stakeholders criterion (0.220) ranks second, internal environment management (0.202) ranks third, green innovation with a weight of (0.191) ranks fourth, and energy and resource consumption management with a weight of (0.124) ranks fifth. According to this ranking, it can be concluded that factors related to green management hold the greatest importance in green R&D indicators.

Design and validation of a structured instrument to assess the influence of sustainable supply chain management practices on sustainable performance in hospitals

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design and validate a reliable and comprehensive instrument to assess the influence of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices on sustainable performance in hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA systematic and mixed-method approach was used to create and validate an instrument for assessing the level of implementation of hospital SSCM practices and the perceived extent of environmental, social and economic performance. This includes the development of preliminary items and the evaluation of content and construct validity. Data from Colombian hospitals was collected. Structural equation modeling was used to test the structural model.FindingsDuring the content validity phase, an initial version of the questionnaire consisting of 88 items was generated. This version was qualitatively and quantitatively reviewed and assessed by six academicians and two hospital practitioners, based on criteria of sufficiency, clarity, relevance and coherence. The computation of both individual and scale content validity indices, along with the qualitative feedback, led to the refinement of the questionnaire. The subsequent phase of construct validity involved the implementation of a pilot test with 55 responses gathered from Colombian hospitals. By considering the metrics of convergent validity and discriminant validity derived from the analysis of structural equation modeling, the final instrument was composed of 59 items. The results reveal that hospital SSCM practices can be conceptualized and measured through two dimensions: environmental and social. The former includes the underlying constructs of internal environmental management, green purchasing and green operations. The latter encompasses the constructs of working conditions and employee well-being, equity management, social purchasing and community development and participation. Sustainable performance is defined by its environmental, social and economic dimensions.Practical implicationsThis study is intended to provide useful insights for hospitals, researchers and policymakers to measure and develop strategies to enhance the implementation of SSCM practices, thereby improving sustainable performance. As a matter of fact, the instrument has already been applied in a recent empirical study conducted in Colombia, aimed at addressing the influence of SSCM practices on sustainable performance in hospitals.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to develop and empirically test an instrument for measuring the influence of SSCM on sustainable performance, both in the hospital setting and in an emerging country.

Industry 4.0 Driven Green Supply Chain Management in Renewable Energy Sector: A Critical Systematic Literature Review

This paper is aimed at systematically reviewing the literature on the interface of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), Industry 4.0 and renewable energy. The aims of this review are to ascertain current state of the art in GSCM practices, to critically examine the role of industry 4.0 technologies in GSCM adoption, to examine sustainability and supply chain issues within the renewable energy sector, and to critically discuss tackling these issues using industry 4.0 driven GSCM. A total of 215 review and empirical papers from 2004 to 2023 gathered from three databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science) were reviewed. This research found several GSCM practices and succinctly categorized those based on their respective positions along any given value chain. The practices were categorized as related to: procurement and sourcing, product design, corporate relationship, organizational structure/strategy, logistics and transportation, waste and pollution management and manufacturing. We have found that the ten most mentioned GSCM practices are: Green purchasing, Eco-design, Cooperation with customers, Internal Environmental Management, Reverse logistics, Investment recovery, Green manufacturing, Green design, Collaboration with suppliers and Remanufacturing. Various Industry 4.0 technologies including blockchain, Internet of Things, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence were identified and their role in successful GSCM implementation is highlighted. Sustainability and supply chain related challenges within the renewable energy supply chain were found that include material sourcing and end-of-life management challenges. Finally, a perspective is given on the role of Industry 4.0 driven GSCM in tackling the renewable energy supply chain and sustainability challenges. This article concludes with a presentation of managerial implications and future research directions for managers within different sectors, especially the renewable energy industry.

Understanding of Economic Student on the Relationship between Green Supply Chain Management and Sustainability

Purpose: This research collects primary data on how well economic students at colleges in Can Tho, Vietnam comprehend how green supply chain management (GSCM) affects sustainability performance. Methodology: This research examines five GSCM factors—internal environmental management, green procurement, green manufacturing, green distribution, and environmental education—and three sustainability performance characteristics (economic, environmental, and social performance). Exploratory trials and a literature review on GSCM and sustainability performance lead to this model. Using a questionnaire, 534 participants provided primary data. Based on a structural equation model, SPSS and AMOS 22.0 analysed the data quantitatively and descriptively (SEM). Findings: GSCM affects sustainability performance differently. Green procurement affects economic, environmental, and social performance. Internal environmental management impacts environmental and social performance. Environmental education affects solely social performance. Green production and distribution do not affect sustainability. The results showed that universities must prioritise five areas—internal environmental management, green procurement, green production, green distribution, and environmental education—for the long-term development of the economy, environment, and society. Originality/Value: GSCM's impact on sustainability performance has been studied, however economic scholars don't know how it affects a company's sustainability. Economics majors will become entrepreneurs who grasp their role in company and economic progress. Economic students must understand the value of corporate social responsibility, community involvement, and environmentally responsible production to help firms, communities, and ecosystems succeed. Keywords: Economic student, green supply chain management, sustainability.

Linking circular economy model and green supply chain practices to shape environmental performance: case of Vietnam.

The circular economy (SE) is the foremost element for environmental improvement that reduces wastage and enhances production. This aspect requires the focus of new researchers and experienced policymakers. Hence, the current research examines the impact of SE practices such as internal environmental management (IEM), eco-design, and internal recovery on the SE targeted performance, such as environmental performance in Vietnam. The research also investigates the moderating role of environmental-oriented supply chain (SC) practices such as green purchases among IEM, eco-design, internal recovery, and environmental performance in Vietnam. The research collected the data from the respondents using survey questionnaires. The research also investigates the association among variables using smart-PLS. The outcomes revealed that the IEM, eco-design, and internal recovery are positively associated with environmental performance. The outcomes also exposed that the green purchases significantly moderates among IEM, eco-design, internal recovery, and environmental performance. The research guides the regulators in establishing regulations related to achieve the high SE targeted performance, such as environmental performance using circular economy practices such as IEM, eco-design, and internal recovery.

Environmental management, environmental innovation, and productivity growth: a global firm-level investigation

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates the economic effects of environmental activities. To be specific, it investigates the interactive influence of firms' environmental management and environmental innovation on their productivity. We consider both internal and external environmental management practices of global firms observed from 41 countries between 2017 and 2019. We also consider both inputs and outputs of firms' innovation activities that aim to reduce environmental impacts. Multiple indices are constructed to comprehensively evaluate firms' environmental activities, and productivity is estimated with a semi-parametric method. We find that environmental management and environmental innovation are directly correlated to each other and both substantially promote productivity; however, they tend to substitute each other's positive effects on productivity. Other variables such as globalization, government, labor inputs, and informal competition strongly affect firm productivity too.

Employees’ Perceptions of Green Supply-Chain Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Sustainability in Organizations: Mediating Effect of Reflective Moral Attentiveness

(1) Background: The increasing level of concern over reduction non-renewable resources, global warming, pollution, and social issues has led firms to initiate green and social activities. Furthermore, there is limited empirical evidence on the potential impact of green initiatives, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and reflective moral attentiveness (RMA) on sustainable performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of reflective moral attentiveness (RMA) on the relationship between green supply-chain-management practices (GSCM) and CSR on sustainable performance. Based on the natural-resource-based view, stakeholder resource-based view, and signaling theory, this study investigated the role of GSCM practices and CSR in sustainable performance using cross-sectional data from the manufacturing and services industries from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. (2) Methods: Using a non-probability convenience-sampling method, 500 employees were selected from the firms which are listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSE) and questionnaires were distributed. Complete questionnaires were received from 380 employees and used in the analysis, yielding a response rate of 76%. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) software was used for the confirmatory-factor analysis (CFA) and the testing of the hypotheses. The CFA results revealed the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. (3) Results: The results of the structural model (hypotheses testing) show that four attributes of GSCM practices (internal environmental management, green purchasing, cooperation with customers, and eco-design) have a positive influence on sustainable performance, while investment recovery and CSR were found to be insignificant. Moreover, there were significant and positive influences of GSCM and RMA on sustainable performance. On the other hand, control variables, such as gender, experience, and age, were found to have no significant role in sustainable performance. A further analysis revealed that reflective moral attentiveness mediated the relationship between GSCM, CSR, and sustainable performance. (4) Conclusions/implications: This study has several implications for green services and manufacturing firms specifically and for practitioners, researchers and academics in general. The innovation and novelty of this study lie in its determination of the contribution of RMA, GSCM, and CSR to achieving sustainable performance. Firms can improve their clean production activities by incorporating this model as a strategy. Future studies may add moderators and mediators to explore the impact of CSR and GSCM practices upon sustainability.

Green Supply Chain Management Practices as a Determinant of Organisational Competitiveness: An Empirical Study Among Hotels in India

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: The main aim of this study is to identify the indicators of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices for hotels that have an impact on environmental sustainability and organisational competitiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs a survey methodology with data collected from hotels in India. A structural equation modelling using warp partial least squares method (SEM) is used for data analysis and to test the hypotheses of the research model. Research findings: The results of the study indicate that the three antecedents have a positive impact on environment sustainability, which in turn positively influence the competitiveness of the hotels. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study identifies the three GSCM antecedents that will impact environmental sustainability and organisational competitiveness, i.e., eco-friendly products, green internal environment and green management policy. Practitioner/Policy implications: The hotel industry has begun to recognise that going green can result in higher initial costs, but can lower overall operating costs. The findings of the study indicate that the three green factors identified in the upstream, midstream and downstream of the hotel supply chain are necessary for hotels to survive in the long run. Research limitation: The study can be expanded to restaurants and fast food chains in other parts of the country to measure the adoption of green practices. As more hotels and restaurants spring up in developing countries, more research in green practices along the entire supply chain is essential to for environmental preservation.

Sustainable ERP Systems: A Green Perspective

Sustainability has become a top priority for industries today. Businesses require a centralized system for sustainable management. These platforms, which use systems for sustainability, are called Sustainable Enterprise Resource Planning (S-ERP) systems, aligning environmental and social impacts with corporate processes to achieve sustainable goals. Cloud-based technologies form the foundation of S-ERP systems. Cloud technology enables energy savings and facilitates information sharing, allowing for effective management of the system. Cloud computing reduces carbon footprint and lowers operational costs. Reducing electronic waste, also known as e-waste, is important for recycling and reuse. Digital platforms improve waste management and facilitate the collection and analysis of product performance data. Acting quickly is important for the sustainability of the supply chain, and green supply chain management consists of various dimensions: internal environmental management, external environmental management, investment recovery, and eco-design. Carbon footprint decreases with the implementation of Circular Economy (CE), optimizing energy consumption and improving waste management. Digital tools transform business models. Supply chain management (SCM) and green supply chain are also important. Implementing environmental policies and criteria is effective. Sustainability indicators are considered as an absolute measurement tool that can be used to assess not only environmental performance but also social and economic performance. This study examines ERP systems and software, sustainability, and supply chain relationships, and compares current ERP with sustainable ERP from a green perspective using CO2 consumption as a measure.

Assessing the role of green supply chain management in enhancing Pakistan manufacturers' performances.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of success factors of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) dimensions (i.e., green purchasing, internal environmental management, cooperation with customers, eco-design, and investment recovery) and their impact on the Organizational Performance of Manufacturers in Pakistan on three pieces of levels of execution (i.e., Environmental Performance, Economic Performance, and Operational Performance), whereas GSCM practices in developing countries like Pakistan need to be explored. Data was collected from managers of 220 business firms in Pakistan through survey questionnaires with a purposive sampling technique. The target population consisted of managerial employees (business experts and executives) from private business firms, and partial least square-structural equation modeling was used for analysis. All GSCM dimensions were found significant in at least one of the performances, except eco-design on environmental performance and green purchasing on economic performance, either clearly or indirectly. The proposed model assembles and provides the respondents' distinctive working areas: electronic gadgets, automobile process and machinery sectors. Moreover, the appraisal of the connection between five developments of GSCM practices and three builds with the effect of the green distribution of authoritative execution in the Pakistan assembling setting offers an extraordinary theoretical commitment to exploring the green supply chain management field. First, this research is done by studying the green supply chain management dimensions of different performances of manufacturing firms in Pakistan, which has never been done before. Second, it contributes to the existing literature on critical success factors of GSCM. Manufacturing firms should implement GSCM practices to improve all three types of performance, i.e., environmental, economic, and operational.

Role of green innovation, green internal, and external supply chain management practices: a gateway to environmental sustainability

Amid rising environmental woes, this study investigates the influence of green innovation, green supply chain management (GSCM), and total quality management (TQM) on ecological sustainability. It also inspects the moderating effect of internal environmental management using primary data collected from 358 respondents from China’s manufacturing industry. The findings exhibit that GSCM (cooperation with the customers and green procurement) significantly and positively influences ecological performance. Besides, green innovations reassure environmental practices, while TQM illustrates an insignificant impact on environmental performance. The outcomes strongly support that internal environmental management significantly moderates the connection between customer cooperation and environmental performance. It offers a valuable suggestion for firms and policymakers.

Green supply chain management and firm sustainable performance: The awareness of China Pakistan Economic Corridor

This study examines the impact of four main dimensions of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) i.e., Internal Environmental Management (IEM), Green Purchasing (GP), Eco-design (ED), and Collaboration with Suppliers and Customers (CSC) on firms' Sustainable Performance (SP) - (environmental, social, and economic). The study collected data through an adopted structured questionnaire from 190 respondents of the manufacturing firms located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. By employing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) through SmartPLS, it is revealed that IEM, GP, and ED have a significant positive while CSC has an insignificant positive impact on firms' SP. By dividing the sample into China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) aware and unaware groups, it is confirmed that IEM, GP, and ED have a significant positive while CSC has an insignificant association with firms' SP in the former group only as none of the other GSCM dimensions, except the significant positive coefficient of GP, has any significant relationship with firms' SP in the latter group. Besides enriching the literature, especially by exploring the role of CPEC awareness, the study also contributes to the theory by testing the assumptions of the rarely examined stakeholder salience theory in the nexus of GSCM-SP. The study also contributes to the practice by updating all the key stakeholders including the local industry, government, and CPEC authority that GSCM (IEM, GP, and ED) is a comprehensive and effective strategy for boosting firms’ SP and CPEC influencing their association positively.