Internal Environmental Factors Research Articles

Organizational and economic mechanism of financing agricultural production in conditions of market transformation

The article is devoted to the problems of financial support for agricultural sector of economy of Kazakhstan. The goal is to study organizational and economic mechanism of financing agricultural industry in conditions of market transformation in order to develop recommendations for optimizing this system to improve access to financial sources for agricultural enterprises, develop financial instruments, and promote the expansion of market relations. Methods – abstract-logical, graphic, comparative analysis, generalization. Results - available financial resources for agro-industrial complex are analyzed: budgetary funds, investments, loans based on the use of various state financial assistance programs. The relevance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing individual proposals when developing rules for financing, lending, changing the criteria for subsidizing AIC, as well as the effective use of investment funds, loans and other financial resources. The need for additional attraction of internal and external investors has been identified. Conclusions - the state has a regulatory impact on the investment process by ensuring rational pricing, increasing flexibility of lending, tax and depreciation policies, stimulating business activity by providing investors with benefits, and highlighting priority areas of investment. It is necessary to monitor current and future factors of external and internal environment at the state, regional levels and enterprises. There is a need in the near and medium term for effective measures to financially support production and processing of competitive products, increase the variety of produced goods and maintain high quality at all stages of their production. Financial decisions are the basis for effective investment projects.

Инструменты разработки стратегии развития образовательной экосистемы аспирантуры вуза

Determining the prospects for the development of socio-economic systems is associated with the procedures for developing a strategy, usually based on the results of an analysis of external and internal environmental factors and the subsequent determination of goals, from which the core of the strategy is formed. However, the distribution of methods for implementing strategy development algorithms and their combination largely depends on the object of development. The university's postgraduate studies are specific both in terms of regulatory support and the structure of the postgraduate course itself. Of particular interest is the university’s graduate school, the structure of which is distributed across a branch network, which opens up the possibility of considering the prospects for the development of graduate school from the point of view of the ecosystem approach. The work shows that with the help of well-known methods and procedures for conducting analysis and synthesis within the framework of the proposed algorithm, it is possible to build strategic prospects for the development of a network of postgraduate schools of university branches, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the defense of postgraduate graduates, while solving the problems of the development of territories, government and business in based on synergistic effects characteristic of ecosystems.

Оценка эффективности землепользования в городских агломерациях на основе регрессионно-игрового моделирования

Land use processes are the basic economic processes that determine the efficiency of the functioning of socio-economic systems. This is especially true for large urban agglomerations, for which these processes directly and indirectly significantly affect the volume of revenues to the budgets of various levels, as well as determine the investment attractiveness of the regions. As a result, the principles of rational land use should be based on the results of system analysis and mathematical modeling of the impact of external and internal environmental factors on all subjects involved in the processes of using land plots as the most important resource of the urban economy. The article is devoted to the development of two-level models that involve the use of regression analysis to determine the characteristics of the game matrix in the presence of a sufficiently large number of players with different interests. This approach is distinguished by the possibility of more complete consideration of factors influencing the efficiency of land use when assessing the intensity of land use in large cities and agglomerations, in conditions of external volatility. As a result, the construction of a multiple regression model describing the influence of factors, and the subsequent matrix modeling of game-theoretic conflict situations in land use makes it possible to support decision-making in the development of investment programs for the development of territories. The article discusses an example of the application of the proposed approach to the analysis of factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of land use in the Moscow agglomeration. The results of the regression analysis led to the conclusion that the predicate of increasing financial and economic returns in the implementation of land use processes is the level of investment in fixed assets. On the example of the Moscow agglomeration, it is also shown that the obtained results of regression analysis can be used in the construction of game-theoretic models of land use, which, in turn, are expedient to apply to support decisions on state management of the market of land plots for various purposes.

The Environmental Influencing Factors of the Realization of Engineering Construction Harmony from the Perspective of Ren–Shi–Wu: Evidence from China

Engineering construction involves many internal factors and external environmental factors, resulting in conflict or uncoordinated problems in engineering management. The harmonious management of engineering construction is the process of coordinating and solving the contradiction between construction elements and the problems between them and the external environment. The connotations of three subsystems of engineering harmony, namely, Ren harmony (RH), Wu harmony (WH), and Shi harmony (SH), are defined, and the system architecture of engineering harmony is constructed. Then, a hypothetical model is proposed to deeply explore the impacts of subsystems such as Ren harmony, Wu harmony, and Shi harmony on engineering harmony, as well as the moderating effects of the natural ecology, social humanities, and political economy on engineering harmony. The results show that (1) natural ecology has a significant promotion effect on RH, SH, and engineering harmony; (2) social humanities have a significant enhancement effect on SH and engineering harmony; and (3) political economy does not play a significant role in any process. “Engineering harmony” is used to measure the effectiveness of engineering management, and a scientific scale is used to reflect this index. It provides a new idea for theoretical exploration and practical guidance in engineering construction management.

On the issue of determining effectiveness and the quality of corporate financial management: theoretical and conceptual aspects

The current stage of economic development is characterized by such features as a high degree of uncertainty in external and internal environmental factors, a high level of competition, and the strengthening of the role of effective financial management of companies. These features determine the need to apply the theory and practice of corporate financial management, its modern tools to assess the effectiveness and quality of the company's financial management, which, in turn, contributes to the adoption by the company's management of sound management decisions necessary to achieve the strategic goals of its development.

Structural equation modeling of dispositional mindfulness, internal environmental factors, external environmental factors, and self-care behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundTo achieve suitable diabetes care, understanding the factors that affect self-care behaviors is necessary. ObjectiveTo construct a model of dispositional mindfulness, internal environmental factors, external environmental factors, and self-care behaviors in people with diabetes. Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed a convenience sample of 311 people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Data were collected through questionnaires, including the Diabetes Symptoms Checklist, Emotional Distress Scale, Empowerment Process Scale, Interpersonal Communication Scale and Self-Care Behavior scale. ResultsStructural equation modeling indicated that a model of dispositional mindfulness, internal environmental factors, external environmental factors, and self-care behaviors in the patients with diabetes best fit the data. Dispositional mindfulness (β = 0.39), internal environmental factors (β = 0.52), and external environmental factors (β = 0.71) directly influenced self-care behaviors in the patients with diabetes. Dispositional mindfulness significantly indirectly affected self-care behaviors via internal and external environmental factors. ConclusionsTo improve self-care behaviors, interventions should consider mindfulness training, and also include internal environmental factors and external environmental factors in the mindfulness training.

Exploring the Moderating Effect of Generational Status on the Link Between External Environment and Entrepreneurial Motivation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs

This study examines how external environmental factors affect the motivation of first- and second-generation women entrepreneurs in India, and how their generational status moderates this relationship. We used a survey design method to collect data from 459 women business owners in India, who were classified as first- or second-generation based on whether they were the first or second generation in their family to start a business. We employed the partial least-squares structural equation modelling method to test our hypotheses and evaluate our model. We found that external environmental factors, such as education and training, financial support, government policies and non-financial support, had positive effects on entrepreneurial motivation for both groups of women entrepreneurs. However, we also found that generational status had a significant moderating effect on the link between education and training and entrepreneurial motivation, but not on the other three external environmental factors. Specifically, we found that education and training influenced second-generation women entrepreneurs more strongly than first-generation women entrepreneurs. Our findings have important implications for management practice and policymaking, as well as for the literature on women entrepreneurship. We suggest that concerned authorities should develop differential strategies for first- and second-generation women entrepreneurs, taking into account their different responses to external environmental factors. We also suggest that future research should explore other internal and external environmental factors that might interact with generational status or other variables to shape women entrepreneurs’ motivation.

Impact of Carbon Emission Factors on Economic Agents Based on the Decision Modeling in Complex Systems

This article presents a methodology for modeling the impact of both internal and external environmental carbon emission factors on the resulting indicators of an international company. This research uses picture fuzzy rough sets to model the impact of factors on the resulting indicators as a research method. The proposed model is based on a dataset that includes the company’s profit, revenue, valuation, share price, and market share from 2012 through 2022. This empirical period is optimal for such a type of modeling. An approach of picture fuzzy rough sets based on the time series of endogenous and exogenous variables can provide an opportunity to analyze and consider the consequences of feedback changes in the systems of which they are a part. The article proposes a valuable framework for understanding the complex relationship between carbon emissions, economic factors, and the performance of international companies. The researchers of this study recommend a discussion that attempts to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for international companies in the context of climate change and technological innovation.

酒店企业在环境分析因素范围内面临的问题： 阿克恰科卡案例

The aim of the research is to identify the problems faced by hotel businesses within the scope of internal and external environmental factors. In this context, qualitative research method was applied in the research. Data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with people who are the owners and senior managers of hotel businesses operating in Akçakoca. A total of 10 hotel businesses were interviewed. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the enterprises face economic, political, legal and natural environmental problems arising from the remote environmental factors. It was also found out that they do not generally encounter problems arising from immediate environmental factors. Lastly, it was found out that generally they face marketing, human resources, finance and accounting problems in general in the context of internal environmental factors.

MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS: CHALLENGES OF DIGITALIZATION

The article analyzes the impact of digitalization processes on the agricultural sector and the challenges faced by enterprises in this industry. The author analyzes the impact of external and internal environmental factors on the development of agricultural businesses and the problems that delay the development of digital technologies in agriculture. It is noted that an important element of marketing management is a systematic approach that allows establishing relationships between these factors, assessing their impact and formulating marketing management strategies. Based on the results of the study, the author substantiates the need to create favorable conditions for the introduction of digital tools in the marketing management of agricultural businesses. The results of the analysis also indicate the potential of using innovative marketing methods, such as analyzing market trends and using digital communication channels, to overcome the challenges of digitalization and increase the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. The prospects for the development of digitalization processes in the marketing management of agricultural enterprises are considered. It is noted that through systematic market analysis, budget management, and the use of digital technologies and communication channels, enterprises can skillfully navigate market fluctuations while optimizing operational resources. The study provides the conclusions necessary for the further development of marketing management strategies in agriculture, taking into account the current challenges of digitalization and the needs of agricultural businesses in Ukraine. It is stated that the prospects for the development of digitalization processes in agrarian business emphasize the importance of integrating marketing management into the strategic planning of agricultural enterprises and its potential to increase the efficiency of innovation in this sector.

Association between perceived stress, loneliness and sleep disorders among breast cancer patients: the moderating roles of resilience

ABSTRACT Sleep disorders are prevalent and often neglected among breast cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the association among perceived stress, loneliness, resilience and sleep disorders and to further explore whether resilience could be a moderator in the association between them and sleep disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted by 492 female breast cancer patients. Patients were asked in response to the questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale-10, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Resilience Scale-14. The association among perceived stress, loneliness, resilience and perceived stress/loneliness × resilience interaction with sleep disorders were examined by hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The interaction was visualized by using simple slope analysis. 36.58% of the female breast cancer patients reported sleep disorders in our study. Perceived stress and loneliness were related to sleep disorders. Resilience could moderate the relationship between them and sleep disorders. When resilience was higher, perceived stress and loneliness had a weaker impact on sleep disorders. Medical staff should systematically evaluate the internal environmental factors related to patients’ sleep quality and help patients relieve their emotional distress caused by the disease through positive psychological guidance.

The Role of Glutathione in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease that usually develops in older people. Pathogenetic changes in this disease include anatomical and functional complexes. Harmful factors damage the retina and macula. These changes may lead to partial or total loss of vision. The disease can occur in two clinical forms: dry (the progression is slow and gentle) and exudative (wet-progression is acute and severe), which usually starts in the dry form; however, the coexistence of both forms is possible. The etiology of AMD is not fully understood, and the precise mechanisms of the development of this illness are still unknown. Extensive genetic studies have shown that AMD is a multi-factorial disease and that genetic determinants, along with external and internal environmental and metabolic-functional factors, are important risk factors. This article reviews the role of glutathione (GSH) enzymes engaged in maintaining the reduced form and polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1) in the development of AMD. We only chose papers that confirmed the influence of the parameters on the development of AMD. Because GSH is the most important antioxidant in the eye, it is important to know the influence of the enzymes and genetic background to ensure an optimal level of glutathione concentration. Numerous studies have been conducted on how the glutathione system works till today. This paper presents the current state of knowledge about the changes in GSH, GST, GR, and GPx in AMD. GST studies clearly show increased activity in ill people, but for GPx, the results relating to activity are not so clear. Depending on the research, the results also suggest higher and lower GPx activity in patients with AMD. The analysis of polymorphisms in GST genes confirmed that mutations lead to weaker antioxidant barriers and may contribute to the development of AMD; unfortunately, a meta-analysis and some research did not confirm that connection. Unspecific results of many of the parameters that make up the glutathione system show many unknowns. It is so important to conduct further research to understand the exact mechanism of defense functions of glutathione against oxidative stress in the human eye.

Le changement diversité comme réalité organisationnelle au Québec : étude exploratoire sur les déclencheurs et les particularités

<p>Diversity management has become increasingly important. It refers to a set of activities designed to respond effectively to a diverse workforce, involving both the fight against discrimination and the valorization of differences as well as the unification of a diverse collective. Reflecting a demographic, sociological, and ideological reality, the consideration of diversity in organizations leads to a rethinking of certain managerial practices and entails fundamental transformations of the organization which leads to it being considered as a change in itself. If each organizational change seems different from the others, the consideration of diversity in organizations is no exception. It is described as a unique case of organizational change, whose process is both complex and dynamic, and is also described as permanent, non-linear, and multi-level. The objective of this exploratory research is to understand the approaches to change related to diversity taken by some organizations in Québec. This qualitative research is based on a sample of nine cases. The data collected from diversity consultants was analyzed with the Nvivo software. This research made it possible to identify a set of triggers for diversity change (i.e. internal and external environmental factors of an ethical, strategic, and legal nature) while emphasizing certain distinctive elements of this particular change (i.e. nature of the change processes and the logic of imposition). A discussion is presented on the relevance of a mixed change that reflects a dynamic and complex aspect instead of a static and linear approach. It shows a co-construction approach that underpins a cultural and global change consisting of an accumulation of micro-changes taking place at a rather slow pace.</p>

Human Understanding is Expected of the Physician: Proposing a Model of Disease Development

In Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, human understanding is emphasized as one of three necessary characteristics that a physician must have. Inflammation, which is caused by inflammatory inducers (inf-ids), is a fundamental feature of disease at the cellular and molecular levels. Inflammation protects the body, but excessive or prolonged inflammation can be damaging and can cause disease. Humans are repeatedly exposed to external and internal environmental factors that generate inf-ids throughout their lives. External environmental factors include microbial and non-microbial inf-ids, as well as stressors that inevitably arise during social interactions. Internal environmental factors include the adaptive physiological response that is present from birth. Inf-ids may also be produced by the four-step habit loop, which consists of a cue (e.g., stressor), emotions, routine act (adaptive response), and a reward. Immune cells in the circulatory system and in tissues may have positive and negative effects in inflammatory responses. However, low-grade inflammation may be difficult to detect. We propose a model of disease development that integrates external and internal environmental factors from the perspective of human understanding.

Academic Clinic Development Strategy Through Balanced Scorecard Approach (Study at RSGM-P FKG Usakti Academic Clinic, Indonesia)

The Academic Clinic is a supporting facility for the academic continuity of dental faculty students. The need for the preparation of a strategic plan for the development of academic clinic services as a health organization aims to anticipate various kinds of situations that are always changing and related to external and internal environmental factors. Strategic management tools can help generate some of the best alternative strategies for developing academic clinics with the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach. This study aims to develop a development strategy for the Dental and Oral Educational Hospital Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti (RSGM-P FKG Usakti) Academic Clinic based on four BSC perspectives: finance, customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth. This operational research was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods. Secondary data was collected from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Hospital Annual Report, and comparable RSGMs. Primary data collection used questionnaires, interviews, and a Consensus Decision Making Group (CDMG) to obtain variables that became strategic factors. Based on four BSC perspectives, it increases academic clinic income from financial perspectives, provides easy access and increases customer trust for customer perspectives, captures market opportunities, builds a good image of academic clinics from an internal business processes perspective, and increases human resource capabilities for learning and growth perspective.

Finite-Time Adaptive Fuzzy Backstepping Control for Quadrotor UAV With Stochastic Disturbance

This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy output feedback control approach for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (QUAV) with stochastic disturbances, besides which we consider the unmeasurable states and unknown nonlinear functions. The QUAV system contains stochastic terms which are not bounded and not differentiable. By combining the It <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\hat{\rm \textbf{o}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> differential equation with finite-time theory, a novel stochastic finite-time stability controller for QUAV is raised for the first time. The fuzzy logic system (FLS) is utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions in the model. Dynamic surface control technology is introduced to reduce the complexity of differential. Furthermore, an observer with FLS is designed through the adaptive backstepping technique to estimate the immeasurable states. It is proved that this control approach can ensure that all states of the closed-loop QUAV system are semi-global and finite-time stable in probability. Meanwhile, the errors of system outputs and observer converge to a small neighborhood of origin. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —In practical applications, many systems are often affected by internal and external disturbances, and not all of them can be described by mathematical models, so they are called stochastic disturbances. Taking the QUAV as an example, when the system is disturbed by internal parameters, external environment, system input, sensor error, and other stochastic factors, the deterministic system can no longer accurately describe the controlled object. In this paper, the QUAV is regarded as a stochastic system for the first time, and a novel controller is designed to solve the above problems. In addition, the QUAV needs fast action in some applications, such as emergency collision avoidance, which has high requirements for the convergence performance of the controller. Therefore, studying the finite-time control for QUAV systems with stochastic disturbances is necessary. At the same time, this paper also considers the problem that the state is not measurable and the system contains unknown nonlinear equations.

Combined Influence of Fluctuations in the Local Atmosphere Conditions and Space Weather on the Chronoperiodic Systems in Patients With Cardiovascular Pathology

This review paper explores the impact of fluctuations in environmental factors on human chrono-periodic systems. A multitude of external and internal environmental factors influence the organism throughout its lifespan, and many have the potential to disrupt human homeostasis. It would be inaccurate to assume that specific responses to each stimulus were developed and solidified during the evolutionary process. With the exception of genetic defects, there could not have been evolutionarily fixed pathological reactions in the body, as this would contradict the laws of selection. Therefore, all typical responses of the body to the stimulus should be considered primarily adaptive, i.e., physiological.

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ON MANAGEMENT

The article provides scientifically based recommendations for forming a development strategy and increasing the economic efficiency of management, based on changes and taking into account the influence of internal and external environmental factors. The purpose of the study is to study the adaptation of Kazakh companies in various market conditions. The work used such methodological approaches as collecting, analyzing and studying information, and using a systematic approach.

Study of factors modeling the development of banking ecosystems

Subject. The article addresses banking ecosystems being a result of integration processes of the credit market and technological development. Such transformations lead to new business models, forms of cooperation and communication. Therefore, business ecosystems and environmental factors impacting them, require a thorough analysis to model the future direction of these phenomena development. Objectives. The study aims to identify external and internal environmental factors of banking business that had the greatest impact on ecosystems development. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of comparison and generalization, methodological, statistical, and graphical analysis of empirical data, marketing methods for studying the business and competitive environment, the SWOT analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats to ecosystems functioning. Results. Following the assessment of the banking business environment, we systematized into two groups (external and internal) the environmental factors of ecosystems that had the maximum impact on processes of transformational change, identified strengths and weaknesses of ecosystems, and correlated the influence of factors on the level of digitalization of the banking sector. Conclusions. The article provides an empirical analysis of business environment for banking ecosystems functioning, identifies the main factors that model the further transformation of the banking business and their impact on digitalization of the sector. Consideration of underlying environmental factors will help ecosystem participants to interact most effectively in the financial and non-financial markets. The findings will enable banking analysts to build forecasts and scenarios for future development of the ecosystem model of banking business, to assess potential opportunities and threats to the industry.

Ideology of Urban Road Transport Chaos and Accident Risk Management for Sustainable Transport Systems

Transport systems are complex systems present in modern cities. The sustainability of all other urban systems depends on the sustainable functioning of urban transport. Various processes occur within transport systems. Road traffic is one of them. At the same time, road traffic is a rather complex process to manage, which is explained by the influence of many different internal and external environmental factors. The unpredictable and chaotic behavior of each vehicle in a traffic flow complicates predicting the transport situation and traffic management. This problem gave rise to several unsolved problems, including traffic congestion and road accident rates. The solution to these problems is connected with sustainably managing transport systems in terms of road traffic. However, numerous regularities between elements within the system should be understood in order to implement the management process. Unfortunately, the results of many previous studies often reflect only partial regularities and have limited functionality. Therefore, a new approach to urban traffic management is needed. As opposed to the existing solutions, the authors of this paper propose to implement management based on the regularities of changes in the chaos of the transport system. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to establish the relationship between road traffic chaos and road accident rates. The general methodological basis of this research is the system approach and its methods: analysis and synthesis. The theoretical studies were mostly based on the theories of chaos, dynamic systems, and traffic flows. The experimental studies were based on the theories of experimental design, probability, and mathematical statistics. To achieve this goal, a profound analysis covered studies on the sustainability of transport and dynamic systems, sociodynamics, and traffic. The authors proposed considering the relative entropy of lane occupancy at signal-controlled intersections as a measure for assessing traffic flow chaos and sustainability. Notably, as the main conclusions, the authors established regularities for the influence of entropy on the kinetic energy of traffic flows and injury risk. It also makes sense to emphasize that the initial data for the experiment were collected via real-time processing of video images using neural network technologies. These technologies will further allow for the implementation of traffic management and real-time forecasting of various events. Ultimately, the authors identified changes in injury risk depending on the level of road chaos. According to the authors, the obtained results can be used to improve the sustainability of urban transport systems. The research identified changes in injury risk depending on the level of road chaos, which could have significant implications for urban traffic management strategies.