Internal Electrolyte Research Articles

Corrosion in Titanium dental implants –a review

Titanium (Ti) is the most widely used biomaterial for dental implants as it exhibits excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The biocompatibility of titanium is related to thin, protective surface titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer, which forms a boundary at the implant-biological medium interface, reducing its reactivity with the surrounding biological environment and prevents corrosion. However, the metallic materials used as implants are susceptible to corrosion due to variations in the internal electrolyte environment. The surface oxide layer can be destroyed during insertion of implant or micro-motion between implant and bone under loading conditions. The localized destruction causes corrosion of the implant and induces leak of metallic particles or ions into surrounding tissues. The presence of metallic particles in peri-implant soft and hard tissues may be due to frictional wear or corrosion, or simultaneous occurrence wear and corrosion which is known as tribocorrosion. The released metal ions may remain in the intercellular spaces near the site where they were released or may be taken up by macrophages, or they can migrate systemically. This review article highlights various aspects of corrosion, biological response to corrosion products and prevention of corrosion of titanium dental implants.

Safety and efficacy of regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy in the presence of acute kidney injury after hepatectomy

To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for acute kidney injury (AKI) after hepatectomy. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of all patients with AKI after hepatectomy for CRRT admitted to surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 19th, 2013 to January 19th, 2018 was performed. According to the different anticoagulants, the patients were divided into no anticoagulant group (NA group), low molecular heparin anticoagulation (LMHA) group and RCA group. The general data of patients during the perioperative period; renal function, the internal environment, electrolyte and blood coagulation function before and after CRRT; the filter time, the number of filters and adverse events (bleeding, frequent filter blood coagulation, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, citrate accumulation, etc.) during CRRT were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the life span of the first filter during different anticoagulation. A total of 67 cases were included in this study, including 11 in the NA group, 25 in the LMHA group and 31 in the RCA group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, underlying disease, etiology (tumor), Child-Pugh stage (A or B), CT angiography (CTA), basic renal function [serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin C (Cys C)], the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) stage; surgical approach; intraoperative bleeding volume, blood transfusion, blood pressure, time of duration of low blood pressure; and postoperative circulatory failure, hepatic insufficiency and sepsis among three groups. However, the length of ICU stay in RCA group was significantly less than the LMHA group and NA group (days: 8.16±2.24 vs. 10.48±5.11, 13.29±6.64, both P < 0.05). Compared with before CRRT, the levels of SCr, Cys C and Lac were significantly decreased in RCA group and LMHA group after CRRT [SCr (μmol/L): 89.02±21.90 vs. 248.30±55.32, 105.10±49.00 vs. 270.10±156.00; Cys C (mg/L): 2.18±0.95 vs. 2.94±1.26, 2.26±0.76 vs. 3.07±0.90; Lac (mmol/L): 2.21±1.46 vs. 3.62±1.73, 2.37±1.24 vs. 4.03±1.69, all P < 0.05]; in addition, LMHA group and NA group had significant effects on hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) after CRRT [Hb (g/L): 85.4±5.1 vs. 99.6±23.6, 80.0±7.6 vs. 101.4±7.8; PLT (×109/L): 27.60±8.22 vs. 62.04±16.49, 21.36±3.91 vs. 61.45±17.69; APTT (s): 63.07±10.25 vs. 41.52±3.65, 49.56±5.77 vs. 41.09±3.45, all P < 0.05]; at the same time, Cys C level and prothrombin time (PT) in the NA group after CRRT treatment were significantly increased compared with the others [Cys C (mg/L): 3.59±0.64 vs. 2.29±0.51, PT (s): 26.41±2.43 vs. 23.64±1.92 , both P < 0.05]. Finally, the time of filters (hours: 60.52±8.82, 31.04±7.03, 13.73±6.26, F = 183.412, P < 0.001) and the number of filter during treatment (number: 2.03±0.60, 3.12±0.73, 4.64±1.29, F = 45.933, P < 0.001) in the RCA group, LMHA group and NA group had statistically significant difference. Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse events such as bleeding (0 vs. 4, 7, χ 2 = 23.961, P < 0.001) and frequent filter coagulation (1 vs. 10, 11, χ 2 = 35.413, P < 0.001) in RCA group was significantly lower than that in LMHA group and NA group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the life time of the first filter in RCA group was significantly longer than that in LMHA group and NA group (χ2 = 139.45, P < 0.05). The application of RCA in patients with AKI after hepatectomy during CRRT is safe and effective, which can significantly prolong the life of the filter and reduce the risk of bleeding.

Pulsed Potential Amperometric Electrochemical Gas Sensors

Pulsed electrochemical techniques are well known and are well reviewed. The various discussions and derivations of the theory of pulsed voltammetry or polarography extant make clear the motivations behind the development of these techniques: increasing the analytical sensitivity of these methods by separating, in time, the charging current and the Faradaic current. There are at least three critical criteria for the success of pulsed voltammetric methods: The potential pulse should be small: > 0.059/n V @ 25C.The time between pulses should be long: for electrode area of 1 cm2, several seconds.The electrode area should be minimized: < 1 cm2, down to 1 µm2. All of these efforts had one goal in mind; minimizing the charging current with respect to the Faradaic current. Pulsed voltammetric techniques lowered the typical useful concentration range of electroanalytical methods from parts-per-thousand (10-3) to parts per million (ppm, 10-6) and lower. The above discussion applies to classic solution-oriented electroanalytical techniques. Amperometric electrochemical gas sensors differ in several important ways which should limit or eliminate the usefulness of pulse techniques in this application. Amperometric electrochemical gas sensors are ubiquitous in the modern industrial workplace, commonly deployed for worker protection against toxic and noxious gases. The heart of any good electrochemical gas sensor is the gas diffusion electrode, which is typically the working electrode in sensors. The gas diffusion electrode allows the easy confluence of three things, the electrocatalyst of which the electrode is comprised, usually a metal, the internal electrolyte of the sensor, usually a liquid solution, and the gas of interest. This confluence is often referred to as the “triple point.” To maximize the sensitivity of a sensor, maximize the number of triple points. This is commonly accomplished by using finely divided, high surface area catalytic metals, such as platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) “blacks.” As gas diffusion electrodes commonly use such high surface area metal particles, their actual, usable electrochemically accessible surface area, and hence, electrical capacitance often far exceed their geometric area, and vary greatly from sensor (electrode) type to sensor type, and may approach 0.5 m2. We have recently applied pulsed potential voltammetric techniques to the high surface area electrodes commonly employed in electrochemical gas sensors with great utility. The accompanying graph depicts the results of a typical experiment. This sensor utilized a rough gold working electrode with an electrochemically accessible surface area of approximately 100 cm2. The potential was switched between -150 and +250 mV (vs an internal Pt|air pseudo-reference electrode) every 0.5 sec. The traces in the figure are offset for clarity. The upper trace in the figure is the raw response recorded with a Bio-Logic VMP3 potentiostat. The data was collected every 0.1 sec. Ten (10) ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2), in air, was applied to the sensor at a flow rate of 0.25 l/min, beginning at the 5 minute time and switched back to clean air at the same flow rate at the 10 minute mark. The bottom traces depict the results of current sampling the sensor response just before the potential of the working electrode was switched to either -150 mV or 250 mV (a 400 mV pulse). The pulse rate was 0.5 seconds; therefore, the current was sampled approximately 0.49 sec after the application of the potential pulse. As can be seen in the lower traces, very serviceable sensor responses were obtained in this manner for the application of 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in air (open circles, reduction) or 10 ppm nitric oxide (NO) in air (open diamonds, oxidation). The response time, noise, other figures of merit are very similar to data obtained from this same sensor operated at a single potential of -150 mV (for the reduction of nitrogen dioxide) or at +250 mV (for the oxidation of nitric oxide). Using this technique, we have produced a single sensor that allows the simultaneous detection of both nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide at concentrations important for worker protection. We have extended this technique to the detection of other gases, including oxygen at and near ambient conditions (20.8 vol-% at sea level and 25 C). Figure 1

Li-ion battery ageing model parameter: SEI layer analysis using magnetic field probing

With the growing usage of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in various applications from stationary applications to automotive industries, their ageing mechanism and its influencing factors have become a big concern today. Ageing may be defined as deterioration in the performance of the battery due to irreversible physical and chemical changes like internal resistance rise, electrolyte decompositions, electrodes cracking and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) modification/growth. The aim of this research article is to study and analyse the behaviour of SEI layer growth at the anode using a novel non-invasive magnetic field probing (MFP). A 3-d model based upon well-known John Newman’s pseudo 2-d approach has been developed in COMSOL Multiphysics®. It is observed that the magnetic field response (MFR) is inversely related to SEI growth. Anode’s state of charge (SoC) response with SEI layer and MFR is also studied.

(Invited) Controlling Electrochemical Energy Storage Kinetics with Structural Water in Tungsten Oxides

The ability of structural water to act as an ‘internal electrolyte’ for ion transport within transition metal oxides is an intriguing concept for improving the kinetics of energy storage, particularly to enable high volumetric capacitance. Crystalline tungsten oxide dihydrate (WO3·2H2O) is a model compound to investigate whether interlayer structural water can lead to fast proton intercalation. This material can be readily precipitated under acidic conditions and contains two types of structural water: one that is directly bound to tungsten, and another that exists in the interlayer. These waters form a hydrogen-bonded network within the interlayer. Using cyclic voltammetry and in situ Raman spectroscopy, we find that hydrated tungsten oxide offers better capacity retention and energy efficiency over the anhydrous, crystalline tungsten oxide at sweep rates up to 200 mV s-1. These results are obtained with particles that are more than 100 nm in diameter and with high mass loading, slurry-cast electrodes suggesting that the rapid kinetics are intrinsic to the hydrated phase. We further characterize the electrochemical performance of both the hydrated and anhydrous tungsten oxides using in situ scanning probe microscopy to determine whether the proton intercalation occurs within the hydrated layers and leads to any appreciable structural deformation.

Ammonia sensing with fluoroionophores – A promising way to minimize interferences caused by volatile amines

A novel sensing concept for the selective detection of ammonia over amines is introduced. For the first time, the reversible fluorescence-based NH3 sensor makes use of an ammonium-sensitive fluoroionophore instead of commonly utilized pH indicators. NH3 diffuses into the sensor where a buffered internal electrolyte generates the corresponding ammonium ion, which is then detected by an ion selective NIR fluoroionophore.

Living with a leaky skin: upregulation of ion transport proteins during sloughing.

Amphibian skin is a multifunctional organ providing protection from the external environment and facilitating the physiological exchange of gases, water and salts with the environment. In order to maintain these functions, the outer layer of skin is regularly replaced in a process called sloughing. During sloughing, the outermost layer of the skin is removed in its entirety, which has the potential to interfere with skin permeability and ion transport, disrupting homeostasis. In this study, we measured, in vivo, the effects of sloughing on the cutaneous efflux of ions in toads Rhinella marina kept in freshwater conditions. We also measured transepithelial potential, cutaneous resistance, active ion transport and the distribution, abundance and gene expression of the key ion transport proteins sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) during sloughing. We hypothesised that the increase in transepithelial efflux of ions during sloughing is a consequence of increased permeability and/or a reduction in the abundance or expression of cutaneous ion transport proteins, resulting in disruption of internal ion homeostasis. There was a significant increase in sodium and chloride efflux during sloughing in R. marina However, although in vitro skin resistance decreased after sloughing, active sodium transport increased commensurate with an increase in NKA and ENaC protein abundance in the skin. These changes in skin function associated with sloughing did not affect the maintenance of internal electrolyte homeostasis. These results suggest that during sloughing, amphibians actively maintain internal homeostasis by increasing cutaneous rates of ion uptake.

A flexible Ag/AgCl micro reference electrode based on a parylene tube structure

In the effort of developing micro-electrochemical sensors, the miniaturization of reference electrodes has been a challenging task. In this paper, a flexible micro reference electrode with an internal electrolyte reservoir is reported. This new device is based on a unique microfabricated parylene tube structure, which is filled with Cl− rich electrolyte, into which a 50μm diameter silver (Ag) wire covered with a 7.4μm thick silver chloride (AgCl) layer is inserted. The distal end of the tube is filled with potassium chloride (KCl) saturated agarose gel. The Ag wire, thick AgCl layer, and internal electrolyte reservoir lead to a long operation time and a stable reference voltage. The drift over a 10-h period has been found to be less than 2mV. The total operation time of the device has exceeded 100h. Furthermore, the compatibility with microfabrication allows the integration of other components, leading to truly miniaturized electrochemical sensors or sensing systems. To prove this, we demonstrated a pH sensor by combining the reference electrode and an iridium oxide electrode monolithically integrated on the surface of the parylene tube.

A downhole CO2 sensor to monitor CO2 movement in situ for geologic carbon storage

This paper describes how a downhole CO2 chemical sensor was prepared for use in determining the concentration of CO2 in water, particularly in harsh, high-pressure environments such as those found in geological formations considered for the geologic storage of CO2. The sensor consisted of a pair of Ir/IrOx and Ag/AgCl electrodes, a gas-permeable membrane, a bicarbonate-based internal electrolyte solution, and porous stainless steel as supporting material. The sensor was tested in the solution with different concentrations of CO2 and displayed very good CO2 sensing performance under pressures of 1000, 2000, and 3000psi. A linear relationship between the sensor response potential and the logarithm of the CO2 concentration was obtained for the sensor under different pressures. Reproducibility of the sensor was examined and the results indicated that the sensor displayed excellent reproducibility. CO2/brine core flooding tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the CO2 sensor in simulate CO2 storage process. The results indicated that the sensor could detect CO2 movement in the tests. Further studies showed that the sensor could be reused by brine flooding after CO2/brine flushed the core. The results of the core flooding tests demonstrated that the sensor had potential application for CO2 monitoring in carbon storage.

THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING MEMBRANE COMPOSITIONS AND INTERNAL ELECTROLYTES ON THE RESPON OF POTASSIUM ION SENSOR

A study on the changing of membrane compositions and internal solution towards the response potassium ion sensor was carried out. Potassium ion sensor based on photocured cross linking poly(n-butyl acrylate) membranes with varying composition of valinomycin (val), sodium tetrakis [3.5-bis(trifluoro-methyl) phenyl] borat (NaTFPB), types ion of internal solution were investigated. Effects of varying composition of val, NaTFPB, types and concentration of internal solution were observed on potassium ion sensor. The effect of higher val composition was lower LOD, wider linear range, lower sensitivity but increase selectivity. Higher NaTFPB compositions lead to lower LOD, higher sensitivity and selectivity. The effect of changing internal electrolyte lead to lower LOD, wider linear response range and higher selectivity according to internal electrolyte consisting Na + , Ca 2+ and K + , and sensitivity increase following internal electrolyte with Ca 2+ , K + and Na + . Key words: ion sensor, ion selective membrane, ionofor, lipofilik salt

HE3DA

The HE3DA®concept of several millimeters thick electrodes (3D) gives the battery incomparable safety and brings a number of new technical attributes, which are not achievable by the existing thin film technology (2D). Recently patented internal cooling system radically shrinks the battery pack size and extends the battery life. The safe and robust construction with multifunctional frames, easy degassing, low internal resistance and electrolyte regeneration make this new lithium accumulator technology ideal for high capacity batteries and large energy storage modules. The HE3DA® battery is based on fast Li+ diffusion into nanomaterials, special inorganic separators and several millimeters thick electrodes. This fully inorganic battery does not contain any organic melting parts, demonstrates a very low internal resistance, allows easy degassing and shows a number of other advantages that are not possible to utilize by the conventional 2D technologies. HE3DA® battery technology provides an inherited safety to the batteries, enabling construction of very large cells on MWh level and modules on hundreds of MWh scale. The performance of a small module of HE3DA® battery with photovoltaic panels will be demonstrated.

Treatment of Wastewater Containing Brilliant Orange H2R and Brilliant Red M5B by Electrocoagulation

Treatment of dyeing wastewater containing reactive Brilliant Orange H2R and Brilliant Red M5B dyes were investigated by using electrocoagulation process. The experimental results were analysed in terms of percent removal of dye with time. Electrocoagulation of dye containing wastewater was carried out in a two-electrode monopolar electrocoagulation cell using iron as sacrificial anode and 0.01 M NaCl as internal electrolyte in which the electrolyte concentration was maintained constant during the experiment. In electrocoagulation the effects of concentration of dye and applied current strength on dye removal efficiency were tested and found that both have significant effects on the electrocoagulation of dye from wastewater.&#x0D; Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(2): 153-156, 2016 (July)

Electroflotation extraction of low-soluble copper compounds from PCB production flushing water

The influence of the internal phase nature and electrolyte solution on the electroflotation extraction of the low-soluble copper compounds from the PCB production flushing water of the electronic technology was specified. Electroflotation activity decreases in the series Cu(OH)2, CuCO3, Cu3PO4, CuS. The influence of the surfactants (SAT) on the kinetics of the electroflotation process, on the particle size of the internal phase and electrokinetic potential has been studied. The change in the ξ-potential (for anion and cation SAT) and particle size (1.5–2 times) was specified for SAT. The electroflotation efficiency of Cu(OH)2, Cu3PO4, and CuS under the optimum conditions is 98.5 and 90%, correspondingly.

Investigation of solid polymer electrolyte gas sensor with different electrochemical techniques

In this work solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) amperometric sulphur dioxide sensor is investigated. Nafion was used as a membrane electrode and 1M sulphuric acid as an internal electrolyte. Sensor response to sulphur dioxide was measured. Besides traditional constant voltage amperometry also different electrochemical techniques were used. Results obtained by these methods are compared.

Flexible Ion Sensors for Bodily Fluids

This work presents an array of ion selective electrodes combined with a solid state reference electrode for analyzing of potassium and sodium ions in fluid. The sensors was fabricated using screen printing and drop casting techniques. The ion selective electrodes were made from a stack of screen printed AgCl electrode and solid state polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogel internal electrolyte layers, which were preconditioned in 0.1M KCl. The sensitivity of the sensors to potassium and sodium ions was achieved by casting a plasticized PVC based ion selective membrane, which contained an optimal ionophore to polymer ratio, directly on the hydrogel layer. The reference electrode was made on another AgCl electrode, which was covered with the same hydrogel. For both ions, sensitivities of 50mV per decade were achieved in a concentration range 10-3 - 1M. In this concentration range, the potassium sensor had no cross sensitivity to sodium ions and vice versa.

Advances in HE3DA® Thick Electrode Technology Platform for Energy Storage- Performance and Safety Testing

The HE3DA®concept of several millimeters thick electrodes (3D) gives Li battery incomparable safety and brings a number of new attributes, which are not achievable by the existing thin film technology (2D). Recently developed and patented internal cooling system, with electrolyte as a cooling media, radically shrinks the battery pack size and extends battery life during operations, The safe, robust construction with multifunctional frames, easy degassing, low internal resistance and electrolyte exchange and regeneration provides a new lithium accumulator technology ideal for building large energy storage modules. Performance of a 1kWh HE3DA accumulator will be demonstrated. Figure 1

The renewable bismuth bulk annular band working electrode: Fabrication and application in the adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of nickel(II) and cobalt(II)

The paper presents the first report on fabrication and application of a user friendly and mercury free electrochemical sensor, with the renewable bismuth bulk annular band working electrode (RBiABE), in stripping voltammetry (SV). The sensor body is partly filled with the internal electrolyte solution, in which the RBiABE is cleaned and activated before each measurement. Time of the RBiABE contact with the sample solution is precisely controlled. The usefulness of this sensor was tested by Ni(II) and Co(II) traces determination by means of differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DP AdSV), after complexation with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) in ammonia buffer (pH 8.2). The experimental variables (composition of the supporting electrolyte, pre-concentration potential and time, potential of the RBiABE activation, and DP parameters), as well as possible interferences, were investigated. The linear calibration graphs for Ni(II) and Co(II), determined individually and together, in the range from 1×10−8 to 70×10−8molL−1 and from 1×10−9 to 70×10−9molL−1 respectively, were obtained. The calculated limit of detection (LOD), for 30s of the accumulation time, was 3×10−9molL−1 for Ni(II) in case of a single element’s analysis, whereas the LOD was 5×10−9molL−1 for Ni(II) and 3×10−10molL−1 for Co(II), when both metal ions were measured together. The repeatability of the Ni(II) and Co(II) adsorptive stripping voltammetric signals obtained at the RBiABE were equal to 5.4% and 2.5%, respectively (n=5). Finally, the proposed method was validated by determining Ni(II) and Co(II) in the certified reference waters (SPS-SW1 and SPS-SW2) with satisfactory results.

Effects of Pb plus Cd mixtures on toxicity, and internal electrolyte and osmotic balance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The physiological and toxicological effects of Cd and Pb have been thoroughly studied, but relatively little work has been done to determine how mixtures of these metals affect fishes in soft (<100μmolL−1Ca2+) slightly acidic (pH ∼6) waters typical of many lakes in the Canadian Shield and other regions. Recently, it has been suggested that acute exposure to Cd plus Pb mixtures (3h) had greater than additive effects on both Ca2+ and Na+ influx, which could potentially exacerbate disturbances to ion balance and result in greater toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The goal of the present study was to test this hypothesis by assessing the physiological and toxicological effects of Cd plus Pb mixtures over longer time periods (3–5 days), but at relatively low, more environmentally relevant concentrations of these metals. Accordingly, toxicity and measurements of blood acid-base regulation (PaO2, pHa), hematology (Ht, Hb, MCHC, and Protein), ionic composition (body ions and plasma Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, osmolality), unidirectional Na+ fluxes and branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity were measured in rainbow trout exposed to Cd plus Pb mixtures. Experiments on rainbow trout, implanted with dorsal aortic catheters for repetitive blood sampling, demonstrated that exposure to Pb alone (26nmolPbL−1) was less toxic than Cd alone (6nmolCdL−1), which was much less toxic to the fish than a Cd plus Pb mixture (7nmolCdL−1 plus 45nmolPbL−1), which led to greater than additive 80% mortality by 5d. Both Cd and Pb inhibited Na+ influx over 3d exposure to the metals, which was partially offset by decreases in the diffusive efflux (outflux) of Na+ across the gill. Despite an absence of detectable effects of Pb alone on plasma ion balance, Cd plus Pb mixtures exacerbated Cd-induced reductions in plasma Ca2+ concentration, and resulted in pronounced reductions in plasma Na+, Cl−, and osmolality. No effects on Na+/K+-ATPase activity were noted following exposure to Cd, Pb or Pb plus Cd mixtures. We conclude that the greater than additive toxicity of Cd plus Pb mixtures observed in the present and previous studies is because these metals not only have common, but also independent binding sites and mechanisms of action, which could exacerbate the pathophysiological effects caused by each metal alone.

New electrochemical sensor with the renewable silver annular band working electrode: Fabrication and application for determination of selenium(IV) by cathodic stripping voltammetry

The paper presents the first report on the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor with the renewable silver annular band working electrode (RAgABE) and its application for cathodic stripping voltammetric (CSV) determination of Se(IV) in real water samples. The sensor consists of the RAgABE, integrated with the silver annular band counter/quasi-reference electrode (AgABQRE). The sensor body is partly filled with the internal electrolyte solution, in which the RAgABE is cleaned and activated, before each measurement and the analyte is stripped. Time of the RAgABE contact with the sample solution is precisely controlled. The sensor was successfully applied for Se(IV) determination in the Surface Waters SPS-SW1 and SPS-SW2 certified reference materials.

Design of the Portable Detector for Formaldehyde

The design of the portable formaldehyde detector based electrochemical sensors with microcontroller is introduced in the paper .In conducting the test, the formaldehyde-containing gas diffusion to the sensor internal to react with the internal electrolyte and generates a weak current signal, the current signal through the working circuit is converted to a voltage signal, the voltage signal via the signal processing circuit, and it is collected and processed by MCU after input to the A/D. the signal is communicated with operator through the buttons and LCD.