Internal Difficulties Research Articles

Environmental Management Accounting Practices: The Use, Motivations and Barriers for Large Manufacturing Firms in Lower Northern Provinces Group I, Thailand

This work studies environmental management accounting practice (EMAP) that enterprises apply to ensure the prevention of environmental damage caused by their daily operational activities, including motivations and barriers to adoption. A descriptive study was performed in 10 large manufacturing enterprises in the lower northern provinces group I Thailand via semi-structured interviews and in-depth qualitative interviews with manager/ owner. The result shows that half of the enterprises have implemented EMAP as a requirement for qualifying for ISO 14001 certification. The rest only prepare internal reports for planning, controlling and making operational decisions related to environmental information. The result also indicates that strict legislation, integrating environment into corporate strategy, and sufficient resources play a vital role in EMAP adoption. In addition, this study indicates that the key barriers limiting the implementation of EMAP are lack of resources, knowledge/ expertise/ guidance, and internal difficulties, respectively. This study gives contributions to the government, managers and relevant authorities by providing useful information on the motivations and barriers influencing EMAP adoption, which can help them to establish policy in the field of environmental management. Furthermore, it suggests that managers value EMAP for internal management not only for improvement of environmental performance but also increasing the role of accounting in business.

THE CRIMEAN KHANATE BEFORE AND AFTER THE ANNEXATION IN THE RUSSIAN-OTTOMAN DIPLOMATIC CONFRONTATION

The Crimean Khanate on the eve and after the annexation in the Russian-Ottoman diplomatic confrontation is a key factor in the further expansion of the Russian Empire in the Balkans. Understanding the possible loss of influence on the Crimean Khanate, the Russian government is resorting to the complete annexation of Crimea and the liquidation of the Crimean Khanate. All subsequent actions of the Russian government concerned only issues of preparation for the occupation of the Crimean Peninsula. During the period of interwar relations – from 1774 to 1787, Russian-Ottoman relations continued to remain tense. The Ottoman state did not give up the fight for Crimea after concluding the Kyuchyuk-Kainardzhii Treaty, which it was forced to ratify due to internal difficulties. The Russian Empire intervened in the Crimean affairs, destabilizing the internal state of the Crimean Khanate. In 1779, the Ainaly-Kavak Convention was concluded, which obliged the Russian Empire not to interfere in the internal affairs of the Crimea. But even after that, the Russian Empire continued to take actions aimed at the complete annexation of Crimea. This fact, as well as the occupation of Georgia by the Russian Empire and the favorable foreign policy position of the Ottoman state, became the reason for the breakdown of diplomatic relations between the Ottoman government and the Russian Empire and the development of further Russian-Ottoman confrontation.

SHEVCHENKIV ANNIVERSARIES AND UKRAINIAN PUBLIC CENTERS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN ODESA IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE 19TH – BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the history of commemoration of Shevchenko's anniversary in the context of the activities of Ukrainian public centers and organizations in Odesa in the last quarter of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Research methods have become personalistic and systemic. Sources: archival and published documents, as well as epistolaries, journalism, memoirs gleaned from Ukrainian periodicals. The main results consist in understanding the process of commemorating Shevchenko's anniversary as an important factor in the formation of Ukrainian national consciousness and identity among the population of Odesa – an important socio-economic and socio-political center of southern Ukrainian lands. It is shown that the preservation of the historical memory of the great Ukrainian poet and thinker T. G. Shevchenko had a long history in Odessa from the last quarter of the 19th century before the First World War. Commemoration of the Shevchenkiv anniversaries can be traced in the activities of various Ukrainian public centers and organizations, in particular the Odesa Ukrainian Community, the Odesa «Prosvita», the Odesa «Ukrainian Club» and the «Ukrainian House». The main forms of holding Shevchenko's commemorations were literary, musical and vocal evenings of memory; reading reports, lectures, abstracts about Kobzar; publications about T. G. Shevchenko in newspapers, magazines, brochures, bibliographic indexes, etc.; organization of appropriate memorial services. In the 1870s and 1880s, measures to perpetuate the memory of T. G. Shevchenko were held illegally, and from the end of the 19th century gained publicity and relative mass. A notable role in the organization and implementation of events to perpetuate the memory of the Ukrainian poet and thinker belonged to such figures as L. A. Smolenskyi, O. O. Andrievskyi, P. O. Zeleny, M. F. Komarov, I. M. Lutsenko, D. D. Sygarevich, A. V. Nikovskyi, S. P. Shelukhin, and others. The commemoration of Shevchenko's anniversary faced internal difficulties of an organizational and ideological nature that arose in the Ukrainian ethno-national community of a polyethnic and multicultural city. Shevchenko's measures, first of the Odesa Ukrainian community, and later of the Odesa «Prosvita» and its successors, were in the field of view of the local administration, gendarmes and police, who exerted undisguised pressure and repression on conscious Ukrainianism and its public centers and organizations, sought to block the process of spreading Ukrainian national consciousness and identity in the city. However, the punitive and protective measures of the Russian imperial regime could not stop the activity of conscious Ukrainianism in Odessa to perpetuate the historical memory of T. G. Shevchenko, which was of great importance for the revival and preservation of the historical heritage of Kobzar, the spread of Ukrainian national and cultural values in the Russified and at the same time multifaceted in ethno-cultural, ethno-national and social dimensions of the region. Concise conclusions. It has been proven that from the end of the 1870s to 1914, Ukrainian public centers and organizations accumulated important historical experience in commemorating Shevchenko's anniversaries. This activity contributed to the national consolidation of local conscious Ukrainianism, the formation of the modern Ukrainian ethno-cultural landscape.

Cafe Galavis: a brand with the aroma of innovation

Learning outcomes Upon completion of the case study, the students will be able to analyze the brand equity construct through the associative neural network model for decision-making; identify prospective scenarios through the Delphi method for the construction of strategic plans in organizations; and propose the innovation of a product by applying creativity techniques to enter international markets. Case overview/synopsis Cafe Galavis was one of the leading family businesses in industrial development and had the highest business recognition, with a century of experience in producing and commercializing roasted and ground coffee in Cucuta, Colombia. In 2015, the diplomatic crisis between the governments of Colombia and Venezuela led to the indefinite closure of the Colombian–Venezuelan border, which caused an increase in income from smuggled coffee. In addition, the presence of different competitors and traditional brands negatively impacted the level of sales, which considerably affected financial stability. Likewise, internal difficulties of family nature and administrative management led to the change of senior management. By 2016, Juan Yáñez was appointed chief executive officer (CEO) and was in charge of avoiding the company’s closure. In January 2023, he received feedback from his consulting team, and upon evaluation of the new market challenges with his collaborators, he realized a great challenge that merited the search for a priority alternative solution. How to design a new product considering the loss of brand identity in the face of the generational change of its consumers? These were some of the challenges posed by the CEO that consequently required starting a strategic management process of innovation. Complexity academic level The teaching case is aimed at students of postgraduate academic programs in the areas of knowledge of innovation, product design, industrial design, marketing or MBA. In the modules of marketing, strategic management, brand management and strategic foresight, the case allowed for the orientation of the concepts of brand value or branding as well as the analysis of the value chain for the implementation of strategies that promote competitive advantages of companies. Similarly, in the modules of product or service design, creativity and innovation and complex thinking, the case allows one to approach a complex problem and apply creativity techniques for its solution. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS: 8 Marketing.

Comparative and legal aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and Hungary on the way to the EU

The main problem is the fact that Ukrainian citizens need to independently, with the help of external, international, as well as internal factors, build a model of domestic civil society with all its accompanying features and elements, thereby practically proving their commitment to the basic values of Europe, demonstrating readiness for real changes and reforms within our state. A step in this direction is also one of several still unresolved problems standing in the way of integration processes in Ukraine. A characteristic feature of the modern world development of countries is their activation of integration processes in Europe and the world. Even those countries that are not part of integration associations inevitably feel this influence. Recalling the last European territorial expansion, Ukraine became a direct neighbor of the EU. Which in time opens new opportunities for deepening cooperation with the latter. the integration of Ukraine into the European community, and subsequently its membership in the EU, does not mean the automatic creation and functioning of a new model of civil society and the rule of law in Ukraine as a whole. The first Hungarian stage was the Association Agreement signed by the European Community on November 13, 1991. The ratification process was long. Hungary ratified the agreement on December 13, 1993. The EU, declaring Hungary a candidate for the European Community, demanded a few economic and political reforms from it. In 1994, the Hungarian Parliament authorized the government to apply to the EU for Hungary's admission as a full member of this organization, the Republic of Hungary becomes an associate member of the Union. In December 1997, the Council of Europe began negotiations on the accession of six countries, including Hungary, to the EU. However, the date of their final accession to the EU was constantly postponed by its leadership due to internal difficulties experienced by the European Union. Using the example of Hungary, an attempt is made to show the complexity of the European integration path.

SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973

1971 was a turbulent year, with many serious internal difficulties left unresolved. There was loss of confidence in the Government and partial collapse of public security, especially in the universities. The armed forces demanded and obtained Demirel’s resignation. He was replaced by Dr. Erim and an “above-party” Government, with a majority of technocrats from outside Parliament with a programme of radical, left-wing, reforms. Martial Law was needed to restore security. The Constitution was amended, meaning more power for the Government. In 1972 Turkey suffered from weak administration, intermittent terrorism, and repressive martial law, but Parliamentary democracy survived. The armed forces did not maintain their resolve to force reforms through Parliament. Dr. Erim’s above-party Government resigned, and was replaced by Melen’s, which was more acceptable to the Conservatives in Parliament. 1973 was a momentous year in which the republic founded by Atatürk celebrated its 50th anniversary. His last surviving close associate İnönü had died at 89, martial law was lifted, the armed forces failed to impose their candidate for President and Parliamentary democracy prevailed. An honest general election was held but there was no follow-through to a new Government, over which the armed forces remained patient with the politicians.

Adolescents’ difficulties, strengths and feelings of insecurity: a cross-sectional descriptive survey in Finland

The present study aimed to describe adolescents’ self-reported emotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties, as well as their insecurity feeling. In addition, the aim was to examine the association with background characteristics, and explore the association between strengths and difficulties and insecurity factors. The study was conducted among 114 secondary school pupils in Finland, using an online questionnaire. Adolescents’ emotional and behavioural difficulties and strengths, were mostly classified as normal. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total score as well as internal and external score, were inversely associated with insecurity factors. Girls had significantly higher prosocial behavior compared to boys (P = 0.0007). The age of adolescents was found to be related to their internal difficulties (P = 0.02) and prosocial behavior (P = 0.01). Adolescent’s perception of their family relations as poor was associated with external difficulties (P = 0.04). The current results, can be helpful for mental health professionals who work with adolescents in order to implement appropriate and needs specific mental health promotion interventions at individual but also community level. Finally, more research is needed to validate measures for insecurity. This will support mental health professionals in their clinical practice by providing them with all the important factors needed to support adolescents.

Digital technologies: new approaches to the traceability of grain flows in Russia

The article deals with issues related to the development of the grain complex of Russia. Grain, as a strategically important agricultural raw material, serves as an indicator of achieving the country's food security. Despite the significant grain harvest collected in 2022, there are certain internal difficulties in the agro-industrial complex that affect the quantitative and qualitative indicators of grain crops: insufficient working capital, lack of qualified specialists, a large number of enterprises, including small and medium-sized enterprises, technological lag, etc. The national platform “Digital Agriculture” accumulates information about all producers, conditions of storage and transportation of agricultural raw materials. Total digitalization allows the introduction of modern technological solutions aimed at automating business processes and ensuring the traceability of the flow of grain crops and seeds at all stages of the food chain from the moment of cultivation to complete processing, import or export abroad using federal state information systems “Zerno”, “Argus-Fito” and the introduced system “Semenovodstvo”.

Accounting and analytical support for investment attractiveness evaluation of high-growth companies

Subject. The article addresses analytical support for assessing the investment attractiveness of fast-growing companies as a driver of economic growth of the national economy. Objectives. The purpose is to identify optimal investment objects among fast-growing companies through the tools of economic analysis. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods of research, like analysis, comparison, interpretation, and economic and statistical methods. Results. The paper defines the concept of a "fast-growing company", considers the evolution of this economic phenomenon and key works of domestic and foreign scientists that popularized the term, underpins the importance of fast-growing companies for increasing the economic growth rates of an individual State. We reviewed the key challenges faced by fast-growing companies in conditions of global economic uncertainty caused by political instability, described the tools used by advanced companies to mitigate economic risks within their adaptive development strategy. In the context of the analysis of investment attractiveness, we focused on the dynamics of three groups of indicators: profitability, financial stability and efficiency. Conclusions. Based on analyzed coefficients, we conclude that there are certain internal difficulties in some fast-growing companies, which reduce their investment appeal. The assigned rating of a fast-growing company does not always imply the most profitable and efficient business model. To determine the investment attractiveness of companies, additional research would be needed.

Vagueness and the Evolution of Consciousness

<i>Vagueness and the Evolution of Consciousness</i>

Analysis of Difficulty Understanding Student Mathematica by Using Online Learning Model

This research is based on the low understanding of students’ mathematics. One of the causes for the low understanding of students’ mathematics is a factor in the students themselves in the form of student difficulties in solving problems related to the material in the Differential Calculus course. The purpose of this study was to describe the difficulties of students’ mathematical understanding in solving problems in the Differential Calculus Course using the online learning model. This type of research uses a qualitative approach and is descriptive in nature. The subjects of this study were first semester students taking Differential Calculus courses in the Mathematics Education study program, Muhammadiyah University of Tapanuli Selatan, Academic Year 2020/2021. The instrument used in this study was an interview. The results showed that the difficulties of students’ mathematical understanding in solving problems in the Differential Calculus course using the online learning model were related to technical difficulties, adaptation difficulties and internal difficulties for each individual student. To overcome these difficulties, it is necessary to have a more varied strategy for using online learning media.&#x0D; Keywords: Online learning; mathematic; media

Транспортна інфраструктура України як об’єкт інвестиційної привабливості в мінливих безпекових умовах

Restoration and development of transport infrastructure is an extremely important task. Considering this, the aim of the article is to analyze the status and identify the problems of investment in the activities of transport infrastructure enterprises in changing security conditions. The authors pay attention to the classification of transport infrastructure in order to highlight its diversity and interaction in order to emphasize the need to take into account the specifics of the activities of transport infrastructure enterprises when determining their investment attractiveness. The systemic problems of transport infrastructure and ways to relieve of them are identified. It is noted that in the last decade Ukraine has been actively working on the development of transport infrastructure with a focus on the European integration. The advantages of this process include standardization, increased investment, and enhanced competitiveness. However, there are also disadvantages, such as financial costs, insufficient structural changes, and somewhat slow adaptation to new requirements, which can cause internal difficulties and disputes. Emphasis is placed on the unevenness of investments in this industry due to the specifics of the activities of transport infrastructure enterprises. It is determined that attracting investment during the war is a difficult task due to uncertainty and risks for business. However, with the right strategy and the right use of opportunities, investments can be attracted even in such conditions. It is indicated that it is necessary to choose the optimal methodology for determining the investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure enterprises under modern conditions. An analysis of the main methods for determining investment attractiveness is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages have been specified. Groups of investors with different interests and expectations from investments are defined. The main factors that determine the investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure in changing security conditions have been identified. Most of all, this infrastructure is affected by the level of security and stability of a country or region. This is followed by legal stability, infrastructure potential, economic sustainability, innovation in technology, logistics efficiency, ecological aspects, and the geopolitical situation. Considering the interaction of these factors, a comprehensive assessment of the attractiveness for investment in transport infrastructure can be provided. All these factors should be taken into account in the formation of an integral indicator of investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure enterprises.

Study of Sleep Duration and Mental Health Characteristics of Preschool Children

Sleep is one of the most important human physiological states. Little is known about the link between sleep duration and children's mental disorders, external or internal difficulties, and future problems. It is understood that the environment, parents, and cultural aspects could have the greatest impact on children's sleep. The survey was conducted by an anonymous questionnaire in March-May 2021. All subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the duration of children's sleep: Group I - sleep 10-13 hours; II -8-10 h; III - ≤ 8 h. Aim of the study: to assess sleep duration and mental health characteristics of 4–5-year-old children. The study analyzed 304 questionnaires. Distribution of children by gender - 48.4% boys 51.6% girls. Group I was 45.1%; II - 44.7%; Group III 10.2%. The median of the internal difficulty scores in the SDQ questionnaire of group I was the lowest (2) and the highest in group III (4) (p = 0.030). The median of the external difficulty scores in the SDQ questionnaire of group I was the lowest (5) and the highest in group III (7) (p = 0.002). More than half of the children slept less than 10 hours. It was observed that less than 10 h. sleeping children had higher internalized and externalized difficulties. The research data indicates that it is so important to strengthen and develop better sleep hygiene in children.

Review: The Demise of Religion: How Religions End, Die, or Dissipate, edited by Michael Stausberg, Stuart A. Wright, and Carole M. Cusack

The Demise of Religion offers scholars of new religious movements a theoretical toolbox for analyzing the nexus of factors that contribute to the decline and end of these groups. Drawing critical attention to an understudied aspect of new religions’ lifecycles, the volume’s contributors reflect on internal difficulties and external oppositions that are faced while raising questions of legacy and persistence.Sidestepping debates regarding religion’s demise, the volume focuses on individual religious organizations to demonstrate demise’s frequency as “part of ordinary religious history” (4). To conceptualize such occurrences, the editors present nine analytical categories in which decline can occur, including endogenous issues (such as failed prophecy) and exogenous factors (such as government policy). The book’s contributors efficiently demonstrate how these forces impact and exacerbate one another, coalescing to catalyze demise. Even seemingly straightforward ends are revealed as multifaceted processes of internal difficulty and external pressure. Erica Baffelli’s chapter on Aum Shinrikyō’s termination following the group’s 1995 attacks on Tokyo subways, for instance, places the attacks in a trajectory of declining membership, police raids, absentee leadership, government legislation, and doctrinal/ritual dysfunction.There is some predictability to the religions examined and the conceptual categories applied. The predictability of topics like the Family International’s struggles in the wake of child sexual abuse investigations, however, does nothing to diminish the contributors’ deft analyses and insightful findings. In fact, it seems that the most challenging question to answer is not how or why new religious movements end, but when it is appropriate to label one as having ended. Joel Robbins begins his chapter on indigenous Urapmin religion in Papua New Guinea by asking “How do we know when it makes sense to declare a religion officially dead,” and his query echoes throughout the book (31).Contributors repeatedly refer to organizational schisms, theological adaptations, and renovations of religious function when plotting end dates of new religious chronologies, complexifying demise. Alastair Lockhart explains that the trust of the Panacea Society continues applying the group’s resources to philanthropic ends even though the Society’s final member died in 2012. Eileen Barker aptly demonstrates the Family International’s steep decline but notes that the group persists as an online community. Michael Stausberg’s chapter on Rajneesh’s seemingly unequivocal closure of Rajneeshpuram in 1985 concludes with a coda: Rajneesh—re-branded as Osho—re-opened his ashram at Poona in 1989. Only groups referenced as ending by “direct actions of the state” and “mass murder, mass suicide, or a combination of both” escape the slipperiness of ascertaining expired status (170, 176).These persisting traces of ostensibly defunct new religions showcase The Demise of Religion as a tool for interrogating the ways that these groups respond to contextual pressures utilizing an ever-changing pool of political/cultural mechanisms and sentiments. The Family International’s retreat to online existence, the Panacea Society’s afterlife as philanthropic trust, and Rajneesh’s revival as Osho all demonstrate the creative adaptations that comprise new religious existence. In this sense, the book investigates the mechanics of new religious change in addition to decline.The Demise of Religion is a robust contribution to new religions studies. The book effectively deploys a broadly applicable set of analytical categories to examine how these movements end without encouraging single-variable analyses or creating formulaic depictions. Moreover, the array of organizations covered speaks to this approach’s versatility. Beyond elucidating specific groups’ terminations, each case study showcases and broadens the editors’ arsenal of endogenous and exogenous factors that contribute to decline. In doing so, the volume establishes a theoretical foundation for normalizing new religious decline and fall, pointing the way for future studies of new religious demise.

Determinants Affecting the Rationing of Nursing Care and Professional Burnout among Oncology Nurses.

Rationing of nursing care (RNC) is characterized by the omission of any aspect of the required patient care, resulting in incomplete or delayed nursing activities. Oncology nurses are exposed to a very high psychological burden, which can lead to the development of professional burnout syndrome (PBS). The level of PBS might be related to life and job satisfaction. This study aimed to identify determinants affecting RNC and reveal the relationship between RNC, life and job satisfaction, and the PBS levels among oncology nurses. The sample was a hundred oncology nurses from four hospitals in Poland with a mean age of 43.26 ± 10.69 years. The study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020. The self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire and validated scales determining missed nursing care, job and life satisfaction, and life orientation were used: Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care-Revised (BERNCA-R), Satisfaction with Job Scale (SWJS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The mean BERNCA score was 1.55 ± 0.15, which indicates the frequency of RNC was between “never” and “rarely”. The mean SWJS score was 11.71 ± 5.97, which showed that nurses were “dissatisfied” and “rather dissatisfied” with their job. A low SWLS score was reported by 59% of nurses, which means that more than half of the respondents described their life satisfaction as low. In LOT-R, 66% of nurses reported pessimistic and 31% neutral life orientation. The mean overall MBI score was 49.27 ± 19.76 points (EE = 63.56 ± 25.37, DEP = 37.2 ± 24.95, and lack of PA = 47.05 ± 22.04), which means that half of the nurses perceived burnout and half did not. Additionally, the higher the job satisfaction (SWJS), the more frequent the RNC (BERNCA) (p < 0.05). The greater the EE, the stronger the sense of lack of PA, and the higher the PBS (MBI) level, the less frequent the RNC (BERNCA). In conclusion, there is a phenomenon of omission of some aspects of care among oncology nurses, but it is not frequent and concerns areas not directly related to therapeutic tasks, but requiring effort and not resulting in quick noticeable effects. It depends only little on life satisfaction and more on job satisfaction and PBS level. The results may indicate the professionalism of Polish nurses, their responsibility towards their patients’ life and health, and the sense of mission that enables them to perform their duties regardless of the external and internal difficulties. The presence of the PBS phenomenon in oncology nurses highlights the need for continued research in this area.

Figures of the World: The Naturalist Novel and Transnational Form

Figures of the World: The Naturalist Novel and Transnational Form

Transcendental idealism as formal idealism

AbstractTranscendental idealism is the basic worldview shaping Kant's critical philosophy, but its proper interpretation is enormously contested. I identify five constraints on an adequate interpretation, which collectively stand in apparent tension. These serve to highlight internal difficulties of the view itself, and also to reveal serious challenges for both the more standard phenomenalist and deflationary interpretations, and newer “moderate metaphysical” approaches. Difficulty centers on how to reconcile Kant's widespread claims that things in themselves are identical to appearances, in some sense, with his equally widespread insistence that they are (and must be) non‐identical. I suggest that Kant's view must have been that the objects of knowledge are (strictly) partially mind‐dependent, and that the Kantian hylomorphic idea of formal idealism can explain this partial mind‐dependence. The result points toward an anti‐metaphysical interpretation of Kantian idealism, according to which the metaphysical question of identity between things in themselves and appearances should be rejected as illegitimate, rather than answered.

The current state of Сhina’s international trade

This article will determine the degree of influence of external and internal negative factors, primarily the COVID-19 pandemic, the trade war with the United States, as well as Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, on the state of China’s international trade. The results of the study indicate that neither the trade war launched by former US President D. Trump, nor the deal between the Presidents of the United States and China, according to which China pledged to purchase an additional 200 billion dollar of American exports by the end of 2021, did not significantly harm China’s trade balance. Moreover, external and internal difficulties only strengthened the international competitiveness of China, which, due to the policy of strict regulation, coped with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and American sanctions faster and more efficiently than its competitors (the US and EU countries). As a result, in recent years, China’s current account has grown from 103 billion US dollars in 2019 to 317 in 2021, while merchandise exports in 2021 hit a record high of 3.2 trillion US dollars. At the same time, despite significant success in international trade, China still has serious internal problems associated with overestimated real estate prices and the low financial stability of national banks. It has been researched that China was an important trade partner of Ukraine. These countries were discussing a creation of a free trade zone and the possible signing of a Free Trade Agreement. However, during the armed Russian aggression against Ukraine, as the results of the study showed, the volume of trade between the countries decreased several times. Although China seems to be showing its concern about the war in Ukraine, at the same time China’s economic partnership with Russia is deepening, which could lead to a deterioration of relations between Ukraine and China.

IMPACT DES ASSURANCES AUTOMOBILES ET INCENDIES SUR LES RECETTES GLOBALES DE LA SONAS-ISIRO De 2006 à 2016

Any company producing goods or service pursues the same goal of maximization of profit that passes the increase of revenue and minimization of costs, the SONAS Agency of Isiro can not do without this objective as a rational economic agent who has received the mission on the part of the State and to enjoy a monopoly in the insurance market to the national extent more than five decades. It is to be noted that SONAS is being hit by internal difficulties related to its management and external related to the low level of income of the population, ignorance of the property based insurance in the socio-economic life of household. All these hazards also justifies the low revenue mobilization of the Isiro agency SONAS.

Analysis of the Experiences of Adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome is a rare, intractable disease causing chronic pain. For improved subjective and personal experience, an individualized treatment approach based on a thorough understanding of the patient’s perceptions is required for pain management. In this study, we examined the experiences and challenges of 11 Korean patients diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome. The patients described their experiences during in-depth, face-to-face interviews, and data were subjected to a thematic analysis. We identified the following three main themes: “my own non-stereotyped pain,” “complex emotions caused by pain,” and “a careful life endured alone.” Enduring pain alone was difficult, and the lack of support from family members, caregivers, or society amplified the patients’ hardships. As these patients often felt alone when coping with internal difficulties, including pain, they frequently coped through self-management of the condition. The importance of offering realistic support to complex regional pain syndrome patients is underscored via a multifaceted approach and may aid in the development of educational programs for medical personnel, families, and caregivers of these patients.