Internal Department Research Articles

Antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at 108 Military Central Hospital from 01/2020 to 06/2022

Objective: To determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at the 108 Military Central Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022. Subject and method: A total of 784 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were isolated from patient specimens from different departments. Bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility test were performed using the Vitek MS system and the Vitek-2 Compact system, respectively. Multidrug-resistant and/or carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR/CPR P. aeruginosa) strains were determined. Colistin susceptibility test was done using cation-modified Muller-Hinton broth diffusion method (CBDE, colistin broth disk elution). Result: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly resisting to fluoroquinolones (62.8%), and aminoglycosides (53.4%). The proportion of MDR/CPR P. aeruginosa was 54.3% (426/784), of which the highest proportion was found in the Department of Infectious Diseases (65.52%), ICU (64.39%) and the Internal Respiratory Department (45.69%). Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly prevalent in urine specimens (65.38%) and respiratory specimens (56.76%). Of 258 MDR/CPR P. aeruginosa isolates, 11.2% isolates were resistant to colistin, 26.6% and 33.3% of these remained susceptible to amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of antibiotic resistante Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains high, including resistance to carbapenem and colistin. Antibiotic regimen should include amikacin or piperacillin/tazobactam in combination with other antibiotics. The study suggested the routine application of diagnostic tools for the rapid detection of resistant strains.

Cost effectiveness of home care versus hospital care: a retrospective analysis

BackgroundIncreased utilization of health services due to population growth affects the allocation of national resources and budgets. Hence, it is important for national policy. Home hospitalization is one of the solutions for dealing with the growing demand for hospital beds and reducing the duration of hospitalization and its costs. It is gradually becoming part of the regular care in many health systems, yet, studies on the economic aspects of Community-Based Home Hospitalization (CBHH) implementation in Israel are few. The aim of this study is to examine costs of CBHH in comparison to costs of inpatient hospital care in the Israeli public health system.MethodsRetrospective data was collected using document research in databases. A review of the costs of patients in CBHH at Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) was conducted. A total of 3374 patients were included in this study: 1687 patients who were in CBHH, and 1687 age- and sex-matched patients who were hospitalized in an internal department (the control group). The study population included the patients admitted to CBHH from January 2018 to July 2020, and patients admitted to internal medicine departments during the same period.ResultsThe number of hospitalizations during the follow up period were statistically significantly lower in the CBHH group compared with the control group (M = 1.18, SD = 0.56 vs. M = 1.61, SD = 1.29, p < 0.001). In addition, the mean number of hospitalization days was also statistically significantly lower for 4.3 (SD = 4.5) for CBHH patients compared to the control group (M = 4.3 days, SD = 4.5 vs. M = 7.5 days, SD = 10.3, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean cost per day was statistically significantly higher for inpatient hospitalization compared to CBHH (M = 1829.1, SD = 87.5 vs. M = 783.2, SD = 178.3, p < 0.001). Older patients, patients with diabetes and patients hospitalized in hospitals had a higher number of hospitalization days.ConclusionsThe costs of CBHH seem to be lower than those of inpatient care. Managing CBHH is characterized by constantly measuring financial feasibility that would be an impetus for further development of this service.

SG-APSIC1177: Improving the quality of sterile medical devices to international standards

Objectives: The central sterile services department (CSSD) offers a variety of procedures, including collecting contaminated medical equipment from various agencies through a process of washing, cleaning, packing, and sterilization, followed by storage and distribution to internal and external departments. Plans to expand and open service to the Center of Excellence continue, which will result in a rapid increase in the processing of specialized medical devices. The Center of Excellence is a source of education, learning, teaching, and practice in the cleaning, disposal, and sterile treatment of medical devices. We sought to improve the quality of sterile medical equipment to satisfy international standards of safety. Methods: We implemented a 7-stage process in the CSSD and we developed a checklist with 8 categories of environmental development based on APSIC guidelines. We provided knowledge to CSSD employees, developed their skills, and promoted attitudes in various areas, including sterile work standards, the use of sterilization machines, and infection prevention and control both inside and outside the facility. Results: We established inventory control systems, storage guidelines, and disbursement of medical supplies and equipment in the CSSD. To improve machine use in sterilization treatment or disposal, we educated staff and provided practice of machine skills according to instructions for use. Information technology (IT) was used for the distribution process, medical device identification, recording sterilization, and statistical logging of sterilization and sterile services. Conclusions: Overall, we improved the quality of CSSD services and knowledge and practice of CSSD staff, and we achieved compliance with international standards. These measures ensure the safety of service providers and patients and build trust in the quality of CSSD services and output.

COVID-19 Stigma Correlates with Burnout among Healthcare Workers: Evidence from Healthcare Workers Practicing in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: COVID-19-related stigma is the level of stigma associated with being involved with the pandemic. It has been reported that a significant number of healthcare workers experienced anxiety, depression, stigmatization, physical violence, harassment during the COVID-19 pandemic; even the families of the healthcare workers were victims of discrimination and stigmatization. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of COVID-19-related stigma among the healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia and to assess the COVID-19-related stigma, its associated factors, and burnout correlate. Methods: Web-based, self-administered questionnaire has been sent to healthcare workers’ official emails through the internal communication department in the targeted hospitals. It includes the COVID-19-related stigma-validated scale “E16-COVID19-S” and two questions relative to the full Maslach Burnout Inventory assessing the burnout. The required sample is 377 based on the sample size calculation with a response rate of 50%. Results: A total of 407 responses were received from the targeted population. Of them, 49.4% scored high on the COVID-19-related stigma scale. The correlation between the COVID-19-related stigma and burnout was found to be moderately positive and statistically significant (rs = 0.515, p= <0.001). Conclusion: It has been found that gender, workplace capacity, ever taking COVID-19 test during the pandemic had a significant impact on scoring high on the COVID-19-related stigma scale. Moreover, there is a correlation between being stigmatized during the pandemic and being burned out.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL AUDIT IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES

Social audit is a relatively new phenomenon in our country. The development of a mechanism for the involvement o f civil society institutions and the expert community in the process of forming a positive reputation of law enforcement agencies and legal support fo r this interaction is one of the promising areasof cooperation between the state and society. The subject of the social audit of law enforcement activities is objective, timely and complete information on thecompliance of the regulations governing the work of the Department of Internal Affairs with the indicators of operational and service activities received from all levels of social and legal survey. Purpose: to determinethe role of social audit in the management system of the Department of Internal Affairs, to identify areas of control within the framework of a comprehensive public audit of law enforcement activities. Methods:dialectical, system, logical, formal-legal, system-functional. Results: the features of the social audit of the Department of Internal Affairs are determined, potential directions of the social audit of the Department ofInternal Affairs are identified ana the distinctive fea tures of each of them are investigated.

The mediating effect of information technology on the cost of internal control systems and enhancing confidence in quality relationship on accounting information quality

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of information technology on the relationship between internal control system's costs and enhancing confidence in the quality of accounting information in banks working in Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers designed a 56-items questionnaire and 200 versions of this questionnaire were distributed on a random sample from the study population represented by all employees of the internal control departments in banks operating in Jordan, and 152 questionnaires were retrieved, and 4 questionnaires were excluded because they were not valid for analysis so, the valid questionnaires for analysis were 148 questionnaires. Effect was assessed using the Multiple Regression Analysis and after the appropriate statistical treatment, the study concluded with a group of results the most important among which that there was a mediating effect of information technology on the relationship between internal control system's costs and increasing confidence in accounting information in banks working in Jordan in terms of internal control environment costs, internal control activities' costs, internal risk assessment's costs, internal monitoring and follow-up costs, information and internal communication costs among banks working in Jordan that use internal control systems. In light of the results revealed, the researchers recommended the need for implementing internal control systems within certain cost limits in banks because of their significant role in increasing confidence in accounting information through the aforementioned variables.

MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL MARKETING MODELS IN UKRAINE

In the conditions of active development of digital technologies and increased competition for consumers' spending, domestic industrial marketing has essentially shifted its focus towards qualitatively new tools and technologies to achieve marketing goals in the industrial sector. Under these conditions, it goes through a series of specific transformations, gradually evolving into a quite flexible system that uses adjusted strategies, reactive methods, and variable approaches to promote and sell products and services in the industrial market. Therefore, the article aims to study the nature and content of modern transformations in industrial marketing models in Ukraine. The research results highlight the fact that the contemporary transformations in industrial marketing models in Ukraine are characterized by the nature of change that emphasizes adjusted strategies, reactive methods, and adaptable approaches to meet the evolving demands of consumers, competitive pressures, and technological possibilities. These transformations exhibit the following features: gradual hybridization of marketing methods and technologies by combining their traditional forms with innovative ones; an increase in the scalability of the internal marketing department; enhancing the strategic flexibility of marketing by developing the capability for automatic change generation, adapting marketing strategies swiftly to new market conditions and opportunities.

АНАЛИЗ СЕРВИСНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БОЛЬШИМИ ДАННЫМИ НА МАЛЫХ И СРЕДНИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

Goal. The use of big data technology can significantly improve the efficiency of enterprise management and strengthen its viability. The development of the Internet based on the use of big data technologies is an effective means to overcome the financial problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises. Service platforms using new information technologies such as the Internet, big data and the sharing economy have unique service advantages that can provide cost savings due to the scale and volume of services provided. Such platforms are of great practical importance for the healthy and rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Tasks. Technology-based enterprise development is difficult to achieve on their own, and they require targeted and professional knowledge provided by internal knowledge service departments, intermediary service agencies and government agencies. The purpose of this knowledge is to improve the knowledge reserves of small and medium-sized technological enterprises and stimulate their development and innovation. This paper analyzes the relationship between small and medium-sized enterprises and big data technologies, and raises issues related to awareness, technology, politics, and talent. In addition, appropriate strategies are proposed that can contribute to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Methodology. The authors used such research methods as statistical analysis, observation, generalization, description and graphical modeling. Results. In order to overcome these problems and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of big data technologies, it is necessary to implement appropriate strategies. First, it is necessary to conduct information campaigns and educational programs aimed at raising awareness about the possibilities of using big data in business. Secondly, government agencies and regulatory organizations should develop policies and legislation that promote the use of big data technologies and ensure the protection of enterprise data. Thirdly, it is necessary to support the development of affordable and easy-to-use data analysis solutions that will be available to small and medium-sized enterprises. Finally, it is important to invest in the education and training of qualified specialists in the field of data analysis and big data technologies. Conclusions. The implementation of these strategies will help create a favorable environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises based on big data technologies. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in the efficiency of enterprise management, strengthen its viability and stimulate innovation, contributing to the economic development of the country as a whole.

A study of Laing O'Rourke, UK construction company participation in building design

AbstractThis study examined the role of the internal design department and its collaboration with construction manager and the client during the design process by the UK construction company Laing O'Rourke (LOR). The results are as follows: (1) In the early stages of design, personnel from architectural design in LOR works flexibly with the client to set the design conditions. The structural/facilities designers and construction teams are involved in the design process to clarify the cost and construction schedule; (2) The design team coordinates with the client, architect, and construction team on issues that arise during the design process; (3) The initial design work is carried out collaboratively free of charge; (4) The construction team signs Pre‐Construction Service Agreement (PCSA) with the client and carries out preconstruction contract; (5) The design specifications are gradually clarified and the construction contract is concluded in stages; (6) The client and construction company works together with shared objectives and shared necessary information.

Prevalence of Delirium and its Related Factors in the Elderly Admitted to Selected Hospitals in Tehran, Iran

Objectives: Delirium is an acute and fluctuating change in the patient’s mental state associated with decreased alertness and impaired attention. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of delirium and its related factors in older adults hospitalized in selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Methods &amp; Materials: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population consists of all the elderly hospitalized in the emergency and internal departments of Firoozabadi and Rasoul Akram hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Using a simple random sampling method, 300 eligible patients were selected for the study. To collect the required information, a demographic and medical history questionnaire and the 4AT test were used. Related blood biomarkers were also examined. After collection, the data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24 using descriptive statistics (Mean±SD) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The Mean age of patients was 70.91±8.77 years; 53% were male and 62% were married. Thirty-one percent were exposed to delirium and 43% had delirium. The patients’ delirium status had a significant relationship with the history of polypharmacy (r=0.503, P&lt;0.001), independence in performing activities of daily living at home (r=0.404, P&lt;0.001), history of hospitalization in the past month (r=0.390, P&lt;0.001), hearing loss (r=0.362, P=0.001), vision loss (r=0.382, P=0.006), history of cognitive impairment (r=0.350, P=0.002), Parkinson’s disease (r=0.301, P=0.004), history of specialized treatment for depression (r=0.218, P=0.012), and chronic pain (r=0.251, P=0.043). Conclusion: Early diagnosis of delirium can prevent its adverse effects. It is necessary to identify the risk factors of this syndrome and provide appropriate and comprehensive interventions for the hospitalized elderly with delirium.

«ПОСЛЕДНЯЯ ЭПИДЕМИЯ»: СССР И ДВИЖЕНИЕ «ВРАЧИ МИРА ЗА ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЕ ЯДЕРНОЙ ВОЙНЫ» В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1980-Х ГОДОВ

The paper analyzes the history of Soviet initiatives within the movement “International Physicians for the Pre-vention of Nuclear War” (IPPNW) in the first half of the 1980s. Drawing on documents from the Russian State Ar-chive of Modern History and periodicals, the authors state that the emergence of this movement was connected with the settlement of relations between the USSR and the USA in the field of disarmament, particularly with the signing of the SALT-1 Treaty in 1972. This led to the development of professional and personal ties between doctors from both countries, laying the foundation for a fruitful dialogue within the IPPNW framework. Employees of the Interna-tional Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR played a significant role in establishing the new movement and opening the Soviet IPPNW committee. The authors argue that the Soviet IPPNW committee, headed by Evgeny I. Chazov, had a certain administrative and even intellectual free-dom. This was expressed in the international public initiatives proposed by Chazov to the Soviet leadership. Through the analysis of narrative sources, the authors conclude that the success of IPPNW was attributed to its effective inclu-sion in the media space and the use of language and images accessible to a wide audience.

Профилактика девиаций в области антикоррупционного поведения сотрудников органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации

In this article, the author proposes to consider the developed complex technology for the prevention of destructive deviations in the behavior of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in the anti-corruption sphere, leading to legally significant negative consequences. The qualitative formation of the anti-corruption stability of service teams is especially important at the present time, during the period of a special military operation. In such tense conditions of service, the unity and rallying of state structures and society is important.&#x0D; Purpose of the work: development of a theoretically and practically substantiated integrated approach to the formation of anti-corruption behavior; providing methodological assistance to bodies, organizations and departments of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in planning anti-corruption activities using an integrated approach to the formation of anti-corruption behavior of employees, based on anti-corruption education.&#x0D; Methods of carrying out the work: a set of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, systemic, dialectical method of cognition), private methods of social sciences (sociological, formative).&#x0D; The results of the work and their novelty: is determined by the fact that the author, based on an integrated approach to the&#x0D; formation of anti-corruption behavior of employees of the internal affairs bodies, has developed a technology and auxiliary&#x0D; methodological materials that allow covering all stages of service in the internal affairs department, the period of passing the test by the trainee as an internal affairs officer, the period of registration citizen to serve in the Department of Internal Affairs and a period of two years after dismissal from the Department of Internal Affairs. The results of the work structure the approaches to anti-corruption education in the internal affairs bodies.&#x0D; The significance of the work lies in the fact that the developed technology, an integrated approach and methodological materials structure the activities of anti-corruption education in the internal affairs bodies.&#x0D; The developed methodological materials can be used in the activities of personnel departments and managers in the field of corruption prevention, serve as the basis for conducting classes in the system of professional training, legal and anticorruption&#x0D; education.

The Ends of Modernization: Nicaragua and the United States in the Cold War Era by David Johnson Lee

<i>The Ends of Modernization: Nicaragua and the United States in the Cold War Era</i> by David Johnson Lee

Immune-Mediated Diseases Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Report of a Teaching Hospital-Based Case-Series.

The occurrence and course of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) following COVID-19 vaccination has been little explored so far. We retrieved, among adult patients hospitalized at the Internal Department of a French university hospital up to May 2022, all those who had developed, or relapsed to, an IMD less than 3 weeks following COVID-19 vaccination, without other triggers. Twenty-seven (24 new-onset) post-COVID-19 vaccine IMDs were recorded. They comprised giant cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica (n = 16, HLA-DRB1*04 in 58% of 12 assessed GCA cases), immune-mediated necrotizing myositis or acute rhabdomyolysis, systemic vasculitis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, rheumatoid arthritis, anti-synthetase syndrome, and adult-onset Still's disease. The causative vaccines were mRNA-based (20 cases) or viral vector-based (7 cases). The IMD typically occurred after the first vaccine dose, with an average delay of 8 (5 SD) days. The patients' mean age was 67 years, and 58% were women. The IMDs had protracted courses in all but three of the patients and typically required high-dose glucocorticoids, in combination with immunomodulators in 13 patients. One patient died of intractable rhabdomyolysis, whereas five suffered permanent damage from IMDs. Eleven patients with well-controlled IMDs completed their COVID-19 vaccination schedule, and two suffered mild IMD relapses. There is a risk of IMDs, notably GCA/PMR, and muscle disorders, following COVID-19 vaccination. Such adverse reactions typically occurred after the first dose, raising concern about subsequent COVID-19 vaccinations. However, early re-challenge in well-controlled IMDs appeared safe.

How to Promote the Internationalization of Higher Vocational Education in Border Areas

Taking Tacheng Vocational and Technical College as the research object, this paper discusses Tacheng Vocational and Technical College's thinking on building an international department of foreign exchange talents in order to actively respond to the construction of the national "Silk Road Economic Belt" core area and the strategic layout of "opening to the west", and rely on the construction of "Tacheng Key Development and Opening Pilot Area" (hereinafter referred to as the pilot area) and the national first-class port "Baktu", Especially in "Necessity? Feasibility? Function?" Three aspects are highlighted. This paper believes that the establishment of Tacheng Vocational and Technical "International Department of Foreign Exchange Talents" is conducive to strengthening exchanges and cooperation with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and other five Central Asian countries. It can not only form an effective virtuous circle with the construction of the pilot area and regional economic development, actively implement the national strategic layout and the Party's demand for governance, but also promote the internationalization of vocational education in Tacheng Vocational and Technical College.

Design requirements for internal departments for provincial students

ان اكمال الدراسة الجامعية وترقية المستوى العلمي من اهم الاهداف التي يسعى لها الطالب عند اكمال دراسته الثانوية ويقابل احيانا بمشكلة القبول الجامعي في جامعة بمحافظة بعيدة وتبرز هنا اهمية السكن الجامعي المقبول والمطلوب توفيره للطلاب وان يكون ضمن متطلبات هذا السكن توفير الخدمات اللائقة والامن والخصوصية والراحة النفسية والتكيف للعيش بشكل مستقل عن الاهل لفترة الدراسة. يناقش البحث واقع حال عدد من الاقسام في العراق وكذلك المعايير الخاصة بالسكن الجامعي ضمن المتطلبات العالمية للسكن وما يمكن عمله لتطوير وتحسين الخدمات المقدمة للطلبة واغلب المشاكل التي يتعرض لها الطلبة في الاقسام الداخلية. مفاتيح الكلمات:الاقسام الداخلية،الامن،الخصوصية، الخدمات،معايير السكن

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: INTERNATIONAL VECTORS OF UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Internationalization of higher education is entering a new phase. There is a shift from external internationalization with a strong focus on a small elite of mobile students, faculty, and programs to internal internationalization open to all members of the academic community. The purpose of the work is to determine the current trends in the internationalization of higher education in European countries, to examine in detail the aspects of the University of Bologna's activities in the development and implementation of the internationalization strategy, and to identify factors that contribute to its successful implementation OR restrain this process. The article examines the peculiarities of the implementation of the policy of internationalization of higher education in Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Poland. The European experience of implementing internationalization strategies is considered using the example of the University of Economics and Humanities in Warsaw (AEH) (Poland). The main documents regulating the process of internationalization at the interstate level have been analyzed. The author substantiated concepts that determine the internationalization of higher education in various discourses and the concept of internationalization in the field of higher education in international practice. The mechanism of internationalization of higher education is determined, the prerequisites for its implementation are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the specifics of implementing internationalization of higher education in the EU countries (including Poland) in the context of globalization. In the course of the work, the main changes in the process of internationalization in Europe that took place in recent decades were highlighted and described. It was concluded that the process of internationalization, the main goal of which is to improve the quality of education and research activities, is becoming a strategic direction of higher education institutions; close attention begins to be paid to ensuring the conditions for the formation of intercultural competences in all students. The results of the empirical research indicate that the key directions of the university's activity regarding the development of this process are the development of academic mobility of students, the opening of joint educational programs with foreign universities, the development of international research activities. One of the factors stimulating these processes is the development and monitoring of implementing the internationalization strategy. Difficulties in the implementation of this strategy, as before, are of a financial nature, and are also associated with a low level of foreign language proficiency and insufficient motivation of both students and teachers to participate in academic mobility programs and international research projects. The material presented in the article can be useful to employees of international departments of higher education institutions and persons engaged in theoretical and practical research in the field of internationalization development. The results of the study can become the basis for the development and implementation of the strategy of internationalization in domestic universities.

Academic and Intercultural Competences of International Students in Higher Education

Abstract International education is crucial in Europe; almost all higher educational institutions (HEIs) have international students studying part or full time in English. However, students are often not prepared for the academic process and are not always interculturally competent to study in the international environment. Authors of the present research suppose that apart from communicative language competence, that is vital for the success of studies, learners are expected to possess knowledge and skills on how to study and how to cooperate with students with other cultural backgrounds. The study aims at investigating what academic requirements students as HEI applicants should be prepared for before entrance to the university and what competences, as a result, are required of them for a successful process of studies. Theoretical findings on academic and intercultural competences are presented and the framework of these competences describing skills, abilities and knowledge is compiled. The empirical research includes a case study in Latvia and examples of intercultural competence in the academic environment in Moldova. Insights from theory and the framework may lay background for future research and may benefit different stakeholders of the HEI − international department, students and the academic personnel.

Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C and Intra-Ocular Pressure in Congenital Glaucoma Patients

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mean change in intraocular pressure following trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C in patients who present with congenital glaucoma. Study Design: Observational/ Cross-sectional Place and Duration: Data was collected from different hospitals of Pakistan, including Jinnah International Hospital, Abbottabad and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahara Medical College, Narowal from December 2021 to May 2022. Methods: The study included 62 patients, both male and female, with primary congenital glaucoma, ranging in age from birth to five years. After receiving signed permission from patients' legal guardians, we were able to record their demographic information. Trabeculectomy using 0.4mg/ml Mitomycin C was performed on all of the patients. Mitomycin C was placed for 2 minutes under the scleral flap. The intraocular pressure was measured before surgery and again 12 days later. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Included children had mean age 1.9±3.16 years. We found that, majority of the patients 39 (62.9%) were males and 23 (37.1%) cases were females. The mean intraocular pressure before and after surgery was significantly different, with a p-value of 0.002 (29.41±5.22 Vs 15.17±1.73). Conclusion: It has been determined that doing a trabeculectomy while administering mitomycin C results in a significant decrease in intraocular pressure. Following surgery, a substantial reduction in intraocular pressure was noted by the attending physician. Keywords: Intra-ocular Pressure, Primary Congenital Glaucoma, Mitomycin C, Trabeculectomy

Service Strategy Analysis of Big Data Management in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

As the basic force to promote the development of national economy, small and medium-sized enterprises face many difficulties in their development process. And big data technology can help them improve the efficiency of enterprise management and enhance the viability of enterprises. The rise of the Internet, relying on big data technology, effectively alleviates the financing problems of SMEs. At the same time, it has a great impact on the traditional credit business of commercial banks. The legal service platform for small and medium-sized enterprises, with the development of emerging information technologies such as Internet, big data and sharing economy, has unique service advantages, which can achieve economies of scale and scope in the process of legal services, and has important practical significance for the healthy and rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, the innovation and development of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises are difficult to achieve only by themselves, and they need to be provided with targeted and professional knowledge services by internal knowledge service departments, intermediary service agencies, and government departments, so as to improve the knowledge reserves of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises and promote their development and innovation. This paper analyzes the relationship between SMEs and big data technology, puts forward problems in terms of awareness, technology, policy and talent, and gives corresponding strategies to help SMEs develop.