Internal Consistency Of Scale Research Articles

Опросник «Метакогниции в отношении проблемного использования смартфона»: сокращенная русскоязычная версия для подростков и молодежи

<p>Against the background of the rapid spread of mobile technologies and the emergence of related forms of problematic behavior, there is a shortage of Russian-language questionnaires that allow you to study the problematic use of smartphones by adolescents and young people. The article presents the results of a study aimed at developing an abbreviated version of the questionnaire version of the questionnaire "Metacognitions about problematic smartphone use" (S. Casale, L. Caponi, G. Fioravanti), based on the idea that metacognitions play a decisive role in the formation of problematic behavior. The sample consisted of 781 respondents aged 14-25 years. The tested version of the questionnaire includes 10 items evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale, which were isolated from the original version of the questionnaire (24 items) using the focus group method (n = 35). Analysis of the questionnaire structure (n = 636) allowed combining the questionnaire items into two scales: "Positive beliefs about problematic smartphone use" and "Negative beliefs about problematic smartphone use". Satisfactory indicators of design validity were obtained (confirmatory factor analysis: χ2/df = 1.84, p<0.01, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.04), internal consistency of scales, (Kronbach coefficient: "Positive beliefs about problematic smartphone use" α = 0.83; "Negative beliefs about problematic smartphone use" α = 0.72), competitive validity (correlation analysis: r≥0.28 for both scales of the questionnaire and indicators of smartphone dependence, as well as problematic Internet use). Acceptable indicators of retest reliability were also obtained (correlation analysis: "Positive beliefs about problematic smartphone use" r = 0.64; "Negative beliefs about problematic smartphone use" r = 0.56). The possibilities of using the questionnaire to solve the problems of prevention, detection and overcoming of problematic smartphone use, as well as prospects for further research using the developed questionnaire are discussed.</p>

Validation of the Hungarian version of the 6-item turnover intention scale among elderly care workers

This research examines the psychometric characteristics and reliability of the 6-item turnover intention scale (TIS-6) by Bothma and Roodt (SA J Hum Resour Manag 11:a507, 2013) on a Hungarian sample. The internal validity of the TIS-6 was assessed using data from 269 Hungarian elderly care institution workers. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to analyse the structural validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined with questions on job characteristics and using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale. IBM SPSS 28.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, and the results were considered significant at p < 0.05. The internal consistency of the questionnaire's scale proved to be acceptable (α = 0.826). Convergent validity was confirmed by the relationships between the components of the questionnaire and burnout (rs = 0.512; p < 0.001; rs = 0.419; p < 0.001) and workplace stress (rs = 0.565; p < 0.001; rs = 0.310; p < 0.001). There were significant differences between the TIS-6 scores among the groups with different degrees of burnout (p < 0.001), which indicated adequate discriminant validity of the questionnaire. The structural validity of the questionnaire was acceptable, and the scale questions fit well. The Hungarian version of the TIS-6 scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing turnover intention among elderly care institution workers in Hungary.

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Gratitude at Work Scale in Employed Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The Gratitude at Work Scale, originally developed by American scholars, has been widely administered to mental health professionals and human service workers to explore gratitude in the workplace. No Chinese-language instrument is currently available for assessing workplace gratitude. The aims of this study were to (a) translate the original English version of the Gratitude at Work Scale into a traditional Chinese version (TC-GAWS), confirm its factor structure, and analyze its psychometric properties among newly employed nurses and (b) develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the TC-GAWS short form. A psychometric study using a cross-sectional web-based design was conducted in Taiwan. Three hundred twenty-two employed nurses completed a battery of self-administered online questionnaires that included a demographic datasheet, the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and the Thoughts of Quitting Scale. IBM SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 28.0 were used for data analysis, and Cronbach's alpha and Pearson's correlation were used to assess reliability and concurrent validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. The internal consistency and stability of the TC-GAWS total scale were .88 and .91, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis showed a satisfactory Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of .88 and a Bartlett's test value of 654.01 (p < .001), suggesting that 64.55% of the total variance was explained by the two-factor TC-GAWS. After item reduction, the CFA of the six remaining items of the TC-GAWS short form revealed adequate fit statistics for a two-factor structure and a second-order factor. Strong correlations were found between the 10-item and six-item TC-GAWS (r > .94) in the two samples, suggesting good concurrent validity. The overall scores for the 10-item and six-item TC-GAWS had similar convergent validity, with moderate-to-strong correlations for the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (r = .45 and .540), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (r = .49 and .51), and Thoughts of Quitting Scale (r = -.57 and -.53). The CFA yielded a two-factor, six-item model that exhibited good fit with the latent constructs of χ2/df = 11.06/8 = 1.38, p = .198, comparative fit index = .996, goodness-of-fit index = .979, root mean square error of approximation = .045, root mean square residual = .030, and standardized root mean squared residual = .023. Both the 10- and six-item TC-GAWS instruments demonstrated good reliability and validity in nurse participants. The TC-GAWS may be used to measure gratitude in nurses in the workplace. This instrument has the potential to facilitate a better understanding of gratitude in nurses, which may be applied to the improvement of nursing management, research, and education.

Reliability and validity analysis of Turkish version of the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-10 questionnaire.

To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-10 (LURN SI-10). In this, single-centre study, patients between 18 and 65 years old, who were suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without any known urinary tract disease and on no medication, were enrolled. The control group consisted of participants, who were admitted to our clinic suffering from any complaint except LUTS and met all of the other inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants' demographics such as age, sex, and level of education were recorded. The Turkish version of the LURN SI-10, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-V8) were administered to all participants. Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity was evaluated with correlations to similar measures. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was used to establish the scale's internal consistency reliability. A total of 164 participants were included in the final analysis. Of those, 57% were male. The individuals were identified as being in the "patient group" (n = 86) and a "control group" (n = 78). The mean age was 48.24 ± 14.30 years. The median total LURN SI-10 scores of patient group and control group were 12.0 (9-18.25) and 4.0 (2.75-6), respectively. The LURN SI-10 questionnaire showed a high correlation with the IPSS and the OAB-V8 questionnaires (r: 0.761; p: 0.001; r: 0.737; p: 0.001, respectively) in concurrent validity analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the LURN SI-10 was 0.850. This promising measurement tool can be used to evaluate LUTS in Turkish women and men. Further studies should be conducted to assess the clinical usefulness of this questionnaire.

Psychometric properties of the Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education instrument among Royal Thai Air Force nurse stakeholders.

The Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education (TQF: HEd) serves as a framework to enhance the quality of higher education in Thailand. However, no valid and reliable TQF: HEd instrument is available to measure the quality of graduates among Royal Thai Air Force Nurses. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the TQF: HEd instrument among graduate nurses of the Royal Thai Air Force. Psychometric testing of the instrument was conducted. The instrument's validity was evaluated through a review by a panel of five experts, providing a content validity index (CVI). Construct validity was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a sample size of 308, and Cronbach's α coefficient was utilized to measure the scale's internal consistency. The Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was 0.88. CFA yielded the following fit indices: χ2 = 265.861, p = 0.068, df = 233, χ2/df ratio = 1.141, Comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.996, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.993, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.021, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.033. The scale reliability was acceptable, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93 and 0.85-0.92 for the six factors. The TQF: HEd instrument demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties, which will be valuable for those in charge of the curriculum in utilizing the instrument to measure graduate competency and guide curriculum development.

Development and application of a learning enjoyment scale for pedagogical activities

The impact of learning enjoyment on motivation, enthusiasm, and overall learning experiences is significant. Previous studies, lacking an unbiased tool for measuring enjoyment and confronting various influencing factors, produced conflicting results regarding enjoyment levels in different instructional methods. Hence, we developed a learning enjoyment scale for evaluating both active and passive educational activities. We applied the developed scale to 112 first-year medical and dental students to assess their enjoyment during didactic physiology lectures and explored possible associated factors. Within this data note, we present students’ responses to the developed LES. The LES encompasses six dimensions: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, concentration, and enjoyment. Students provided ratings for each dimension on a five-point Likert scale, spanning from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The cumulative scores across the six dimensions range from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 30. These total scores can be categorized as excellent (&gt; 24), acceptable (18-24), or low (&lt; 18). The second section of the dataset examines specific factors influencing overall enjoyment, such as teacher proficiency, topic difficulty, active student participation, objectives fulfillment, low stress levels, and self-perceived acquisition of skills. In addition to objective measurement of students’ enjoyment level, the LES can be utilized for quantitative cross-comparisons between different teaching activities. By employing this dataset, we will undertake an analysis to determine the internal consistency of the Learning Enjoyment Scale (LES), with the anticipation that the outcomes will be published in another venue.

Cross-cultural validity of the Dutch sleep-related breathing disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire in a general population

BackgroundPediatric sleep-disordered breathing is associated with multiple health problems. Polysomnography is the reference standard for identifying this disorder, but availability is limited. Therefore, an alternative screening tool is needed. Globally, the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) has proven to be a feasible tool. Consequently, this study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the PSQ into Dutch and then to examine the cultural validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the Dutch version among a general population visiting oral healthcare centers. MethodsThe translation, review, adaptation, pretest, and documentation approach was used to ensure cross-cultural adaptation of the PSQ. Then, 220 children (2.4–18 years) were sampled for clinimetric evaluation. We estimated the cross-cultural validity by comparing the factor analyses of the original PSQ and the Dutch version. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's correlation, the intraclass correlation coefficient, the standard error of measurement, and a Bland-Altman plot. ResultsThe factor loading patterns of the Dutch version matched with the original study around the four predetermined factors: breathing, sleepiness, behavior, and other. The internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α of 0.77, was acceptable. The test-retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient and Spearman's correlation of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively, was good to excellent. ConclusionsCultural adaptation was ensured and the results support cross-cultural validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the Dutch Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the PSQ. This questionnaire could therefore be a valuable tool for screening disordered breathing in Dutch children.

Electronic Version of the Family Quality of Life Survey (eFQOLS): Reliability and Validity for Families of Individuals With Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions

This study tested the psychometric properties of an electronic Family Quality of Life Survey (eFQOLS) when used with families of individuals with disabilities and/or chronic health conditions. Data gathered from 272 family caregivers using the eFQOLS were subjected to reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis to test the internal consistency of the scales, as well as criterion and construct validity of the internal structure of the scale. Testing factor structures of the item-level domain models indicated that initiative and stability had low factor loadings in many domains. As a result, these items were deleted from the subscales. The subscale-level FQOL factor structure demonstrated a good fit after two adjustments. The internal consistency of the 27-item total FQOL scale was excellent (α = .93), while that of the subscales ranged from moderate to strong (α = .69 to .90). The eFQOLS had a moderate degree of construct validity, good criterion validity, and reliability when used with diverse families across the lifespan. Additional research is needed to continue refining the survey with a more heterogenous sample.

Turkish adaptation and verification of the incident-reporting attitude scale used for staff in long-term care facilities

Background Determining nurses’ attitudes and behaviors toward error reporting is important in providing safe, high-quality patient care. The current study aimed to test Turkish validity and reliability of the Incident-Reporting Attitude Scale for Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities. Methods This psychometric study was conducted in two stages with 395 nurses and nurse managers in long-term care at a university hospital between May 2021 and January 2022. First, the Turkish adaptation of the scale was performed. The scale's internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total score correlation. Content validity indices were used for content validity, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used for construct validity. Discriminant analysis and internal consistency coefficient were used for reliability analyses. Results The results showed that the Turkish scale adaptation is adequate for language and content equivalence. According to CFA, the scale comprising 31 items and two subscales in the original version showed a significantly good fit in a 26-item and five-factor model. The Cronbach's alpha of the modified scale was 0.92; it was 0.88, 0.94, 0.82, 0.96, and 0.90 for the subscales, respectively. Conclusions The Turkish scale adaptation has consistently shown acceptable psychometric reliability and validity characteristics. It can be used by healthcare services and nursing managers to evaluate nurses’ attitudes toward incident reporting in healthcare facilities providing long-term care.

Cross Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-5 (Parent Version) into Bangla

Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Reliable and culturally appropriate assessment tools are crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. This study aimed to adapt and validate the ADHD Rating Scale-5 (Parent Version) into Bangla, assessing its psychometric properties in a Bangladeshi context. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants from urban areas and nuclear families. The scale underwent a rigorous translation and cultural adaptation process, following a six-step methodological approach. The study evaluated the scale's internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity through Cronbach's alpha, Content Validity Index (CVI), and factor analysis, respectively. Result: The ADHD-RS-5 Bangla Parent Version demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and good reliability in the Inattention (alpha = 0.858) and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (alpha = 0.818) subdomains. Content validity was confirmed with high Item-CVI scores and a Scale-level CVI of 0.962. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the scale, and exploratory factor analysis identified three components, explaining 71.1% of the variance. Conclusion: The ADHD-RS-5 Bangla Parent Version is a reliable and valid tool for assessing ADHD symptoms in Bangla-speaking children. Its strong psychometric properties make it suitable for clinical and research use in Bangladesh. This study contributes to the development of culturally sensitive assessment tools for ADHD, enhancing the understanding and management of the disorder in diverse populations.

Validation of the Inclusion Scale

Despite the importance of inclusion in education, studies that clearly define and operationalize the concept of early childhood inclusive education in South Korea remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to translate and validate a comprehensive measurement scale to assess Korean early childhood teachers' attitudes and perceptions regarding inclusion. We analyzed data from a group of 224 respondents from 82 daycare centers in South Korea and tested the inclusion scale's internal consistency, subscale reliability, and content and construct validity. The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors with varying number of items in each factor. Researchers could use this instrument to better understand Korean teachers' beliefs about themselves with respect to inclusive education. Implications for research include the utility of the survey instrument with Korean early childhood teachers.

Validation of the Self-Report Version of the German Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale (SWAN-DE-SB).

Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience impairing levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, while individuals without ADHD experience these symptoms to a lesser extent. Yet, ADHD self-report scales so far hardly captured continuous distributions across the general population. In addition, they focused on weaknesses and ignored strengths. To address these shortcomings, we present here the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal-Behavior Scale Self-Report (SWAN-DE-SB). The normal distribution of the data collected and the scale's internal consistency, and factorial and convergent validity were assessed using data from a general population sample. Its clinical utility was evaluated by comparing scores from a clinical sample and a sample of individuals without ADHD and by calculating optimal cut-off values for specificity and sensitivity. The SWAN-DE-SB demonstrated normal distribution of the data collected, high internal consistency, and factorial and convergent validity. It reliably discriminated individuals with and without ADHD, with high specificity and sensitivity. It should therefore be considered a psychometrically convincing measure to assess strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and normal behavior in clinical and general population samples.

Translation and pilot validation of the Moroccan version of Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) 3.0

ABSTRACT Introduction The Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 appears to be a promising measure of health-related quality of life for stroke patients. However, the lack of a cross-cultural adaptation in Arabic dialect may limit its use in the Moroccan context. The objective of this study was to carry out a transcultural adaptation and pilote validation of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 in Moroccan Arabic dialect, commonly called « Darija ». Patients and methods A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The cross-cultural adaptation of the SIS 3.0 scale into Moroccan Darija was carried out following the guidelines proposed by Beaton et al (2000). Ceiling and floor effects were calculated for all scales. The internal consistency of multi-item scales was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient. Convergent and divergent validity were evaluated using the Multi-Trait Multi-Method Correlation Matrix method. Results A total of 102 patients, with a mean age of 49 ± 12.9 years, participated in the study. The results revealed that the dimensions of the translated scale had no floor effect and no ceiling effect. The internal consistency of SIS 3.0 (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated, and all dimensions had good reliability, above the threshold of 0.70 (between 0.705 and 0.945). The results showed that the dimensions and their own items had correlation coefficients greater than 0.4, with good convergent and divergent validity. Conclusion The darija version appears to be culturally acceptable with good psychometric properties and can be used to measure the quality of life of stroke survivors in Morocco.

Measuring health-related quality of life in children with suspected genetic conditions: validation of the PedsQL proxy-report versions.

Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with suspected genetic conditions is important for understanding the effect of interventions such as genomic sequencing (GS). The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is a widely used generic measure of HRQoL in pediatric patients, but its psychometric properties have not yet been evaluated in children undergoing diagnostic GS. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed caregivers at the time of their child's enrollment into GS research studies as part of the Clinical Sequencing Evidence Generating Research (CSER)consortium. To evaluate structural validity of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and PedsQL Infant Scales parent proxy-report versions, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis of the hypothesized factor structure. To evaluate convergent validity, we examined correlations between caregivers' reports of their child's health, assessed using the EQ VAS, and PedsQL scores by child age. We conducted linear regression analyses to examine whether age moderated the association between caregiver-reported child health and PedsQL scores. We assessed reliability using Cronbach's alpha. We analyzed data for 766 patients across all PedsQL age group versions (1-12months through 13-18years). Model fit failed to meet criteria for good fit, even after modification. Neither age group (categorical) nor age (continuous) significantly moderated associations between PedsQL scores and caregiver-reported child health. Cronbach's alphas indicated satisfactory internal consistency for most PedsQL scales. The PedsQL Generic Core Scales and Infant Scales may be appropriate to measure HRQoL in pediatric patients with suspected genetic conditions across a wide age range. While we found evidence of acceptable internal consistency and preliminary convergent validity in this sample, there were some potential problems with structural validity and reliability that require further attention.

The stigma towards mental illness: Portuguese validation of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC).

Stigma toward mental illness significantly contributes to a lower quality of healthcare that can be provided. There are few studies on this topic in Portugal, so validating a scale that can evaluate and study the stigma is paramount. The aim of this study was to validate the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Portuguese healthcare professionals. A total of 503 participants were included in this study, and the majority was female (81.1%). The sample consisted mainly of psychologists (39.4%) and physicians (30.8%). Reliability and validity analyses were conducted and included exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Our results suggest that a 12-item model was the most appropriate (RMSEA = 0.026, SRMR = 0.057, CFI = 0.979, TLI = 0.973, GFI = 0.955) compared to our 15-item model and the original model. Items 8, 9 and 10 were removed. The 12-item scale's internal consistency was adequate (α = 0.71; ω = 0.72). The 12-item model of the scale showed good reliability and validity and is appropriate for use with Portuguese healthcare professionals.

Protective factors for suicidal ideation: a prospective study from adolescence to adulthood.

Adolescent suicidality is associated with negative outcomes in adulthood. Suicide prevention has traditionally focused on identifying risk factors, yet suicide rates have remained stable. With suicidality often going undetected-especially suicidal ideation, further knowledge about protective factors is needed. The main objective of this study was to investigate potential protective factors for suicidal ideation from adolescence to adulthood. The study employed longitudinal population survey data, "Youth and Mental Health Study" consisting of self-reports at two-time points (mean age 14.9, SD = 0.6 and 27.2, SD = 0.6) (n = 2423 and n = 1198). Protective factors (at individual, social and environmental level) were selected based on a priori knowledge. Internal consistency of scales was analyzed using McDonald's omega. We used a linear mixed model with suicidal ideation as the dependent variable, time-points, a protective factor variable and their interaction as covariates, and individual participant as random effects. We adjusted for sex and also conducted separate analyses for males and females. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust p-values for multiple hypotheses. Investigated protective factors were associated with temporal change in suicidal ideation (significant interactions). For both sexes, less emotion-orientated coping, higher self-perception scores, greater levels of physical activity and higher school wellbeing/connectedness were protective factors for suicidal ideations. Secure attachment and higher family function were protective factors for females only. The effects in adolescence were mostly maintained in adulthood. In this study, several protective factors for suicidal ideation persisted into adulthood, with distinct differences between males and females.

Test-Re-Test Reliability and Internal Consistency of Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) among Palestinian Older Adults

The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is a cognitive assessment suitable for diverse populations. However, the test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Arabic version of RUDAS were not examined. This study aimed to examine these aspects. The Arabic RUDAS was administered twice to a sample of 37 older adults. The intraclass correlation coefficients and the Kappa coefficient examined the test-retest reliability. The internal consistency of the Arabic RUDAS was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. The RUDAS showed high internal consistency (α = 0.866) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.971), with substantial agreement between tests (Kappa = 0.78). The Arabic RUDAS is highly reliable with Palestinian older adults.

A preliminary validation of the impact on participation and autonomy questionnaire in an Iranian sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study aimed to determine the face, convergent validity, internal consistency, and stability reliability of the impact on participation and autonomy-Persian version (IPA-p) scale for using among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes. Trained experts interviewed 227 type 2 diabetes patients who were registered in out-patient Diabetes Clinic of Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, (Rafsanjan, Southeast Iran from May 2018 to February 2019) and their relatives to assess the face and convergent validity, internal consistency, and stability reliability of the IPA-p scale. A checklist was used to collect demographic information and also to record expert's̛̛̛̛̛̛ points of view about the scale to assess face validity. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha, and stability was assessed using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Test-retest method was used to detect the reliability of the questionnaire. Respondents completed the IPA-p scale on the two occasions with an interval of 30-45 days. In relation to convergent validity, the confirmatory model showed an acceptable fit and the scale had a highly convergent validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the IPA-p scale has a ten-factor structure that explained 77.42% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha between the mean IPA-p scores achieved on the two occasions ranged from 0.65 to 0.92. Test-retest ICCs for the ten domains were between 0.64 and 0.81. The IPA-p questionnaire can be a relatively valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-reported participation among Iranian type 2 diabetes patients. However, some improvement is needed to make it fully suitable for using among Persian-language diabetic patients.

Evaluation of the psychometric performance of the Spanish and Catalan versions of the patient reported experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC)-Compact questionnaire

Background Patients provide a unique, irreplaceable, and essential perspective in evaluating patient safety. The suite of Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC) tools are a notable exception to the scarcity of patient-reported patient safety measures. Full evaluation of their performance has only been attempted for the English version, thereby limiting its international applicability. Objectives To assess the psychometric performance of the Spanish and Catalan versions of the PREOS-PC-Compact. Methods Cross-sectional validation study. We used Classical Test Theory methods to examine scale score distribution, internal consistency, and construct validity; and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods to further explore construct validity. Results 3287 patients completed the Spanish version, and 1007 the Catalan version. Similar results were obtained for both versions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a single construct for each scale. The correlations between PREOS-PC-Compact scales and known group analysis suggested adequate construct validity (inconclusive for known groups at the provider level). All four multi-item scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability (α > 0.7), which was only confirmed for test-retest reliability for ‘Practice activation.’ A sample between 60–90 patients per practice was estimated sufficient to produce scores with reliability > 0.7 for all scales except for harm scales. IRT models showed disordered thresholds for ‘Practice activation’ and ‘Harm burden’ but showed excellent fit after reducing the response categories. Conclusion The Spanish and Catalan versions of the PREOS-PC-Compact are broadly valid and reliable tools to measure patient safety in Spanish primary care centres; confirmation of lower-than-expected test-rest reliability merits further examination .

Internal consistency and dimensionality assessment of the Cognitive Social Capital Scale among Colombian adults

Introduction: During the last two decades, the concept of social capital has been used increasingly frequently in health sciences due to the direct and indirect relationships between social capital and populations' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to build an instrument to quantify this concept confidently and reliably. Objective: The study aimed to internal consistency and dimensionality of a seven-item scale to measure social capital in Colombia's general population of adults. Methods: An online validation study included a sample of 700 adults aged between 18 and 76 years; 68% were females. Participants completed a seven-item scale called the Cognitive Social Capital Scale (CSCS). Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were computed to test internal consistency. The authors explore the internal consistency and dimensionality of the CSCS. Results: The CSCS presented a low internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.56 and McDonald's omega of 0.59) and poor dimensionality. Then, the researchers tested a five-item version (CSCS-5). The CSCS-5 showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.79 and McDonald's omega of 0.80) and a one-dimension structure with acceptable goodness-of-fit indicators. Discussion: The CSCS-5 presents high internal consistency and a one-dimensional structure to measure cognitive capital social in the Colombian sample. Authors can recommend measuring social capital in the general Colombian population. Further research should corroborate this pencil and paper application findings and explore other reliability and validity indicators.