Internal Business Research Articles

Performance Assessment of Selected Public Sector Banks in India: A Balanced Scorecard Analysis

This study examines the performance of selected Indian public sector banks — State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of Baroda (BOB), Canara Bank, Union Bank of India, and United Commercial Bank (UCO Bank) — using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework. The BSC assesses banks across four perspectives: Financial, Customer, Internal Business Process, and Learning & Growth. Each perspective provides insights into a bank’s strategic strengths and areas for improvement. Results indicate that financial stability is well-maintained, though variations in customer engagement and internal processes suggest opportunities for operational enhancement

Critical decisions at the early stage of start-ups: a systematic literature review

AbstractThis systematic literature review (SLR) identifies and ranks the decisions that can be considered critical for entrepreneurs at the early stage of the start-up process. The sample (N = 56) derived from the SLR contained primary publications from the A + and A journals of the VHB-Journal ranking. Deductive and inductive approaches were used to define the critical decision domains. Then, the relevance of the domains was evaluated using the frequency of the selected studies. A key implication for founders is to understand that not all decisions that could be taken in the early stage may be critical for success. Most critical seems to invest time and effort in the, what we label the internal business and human core (Core People and Product Definition) and the external business and human core (Market segment selection and Partnerships). This study depicts an integrated view of the fragmented field of critical decisions in the context of early-stage start-ups by using a SLR. Thus, it creates value for theory-building and practitioners in entrepreneurship and innovation.

A COMPLEX APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF THE ENTERPRISE

The research focuses on modern academic sources related to theoretical definitions in the field of strategic management of international business processes. A special attention is paid to different approaches for strategy development. The key factors impacting the success of export strategies are determined. In particular, strategies for entering foreign markers are researched based on criteria such as a degree of control over distribution, a level of investment, a predisposition to risks, elasticity, speed of entering a market, and market access. A comparative analysis of main strategies is given, taking into account the above-mentioned factors as well as an evaluation of the strong and weak sides of each approach. In addition, the strategies are analyzed from the perspective of instruments that are used for their implementation, highlighting the necessity of choosing a complex and polyhedral approach for achieving success on international markets. The research outlines the main challenges faced by businesses entering external markets, describing in detail potential obstacles at every step of the process. An emphasis is put not only on the development of strategies but also on the support of a reliable system of continuous monitoring and control. An algorithm for forming a complex approach for realization and control of the implementation of the strategies is suggested. Main principles that ensure successful access to foreign markers are outlined. The main principles for successful strategy implementation are defined, including a detailed market analysis, the use of unique product characteristics, consideration of local market specifics, and adaptability to changes. Adherence to these principles will enhance the enterprise’s competitiveness. Assessment and forecasting methods of external and internal business environments are discussed for effective execution of the chosen strategies. The study provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative methods, including peer review methods, extrapolation methods, and econometric modeling, that allow companies to better adapt their strategies to the dynamic conditions of the global market.

EXPRESS: Buy! Buy! Buy!—How Multi-Level Marketing Companies Pressure Their Participants to Buy Their Products

Despite the popularity of multi-level marketing (MLM) companies and their ability to attract many distributors worldwide with the promise of an income opportunity, the financial outcomes for these participants are often unfavorable. Many distributors invest more money in internal products and business expenses than they earn. Drawing upon the professional and business ethics literature, this paper develops a conceptual framework to understand how organizational characteristics (collectively) create a pressure on distributors to overspend on internal products. The framework integrates legal, financial, and social dimensions, emphasizing the dual roles of MLM distributors as both victims and potential offenders. Utilizing this framework, the paper discusses the limited effectiveness of current safeguard policies in preventing the problematic effects of the MLM industry, including the operation of some MLMs as pyramid schemes. It proposes new directions for research on MLMs and other distinct areas within marketing and public policy, particularly addressing the broader category of deceptive income opportunity providers (DIOPs).

Factors influencing business model change: a case study for the European crop protection industry

PurposeThis paper proposes a theoretical framework for the comprehensive study of business model (BM) change by taking different types of influencing factors and different levels of analysis into account (business, industry and macro-environment).Design/methodology/approachEvaluation of the added value of using the combination of three existing frameworks (the business model canvas (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010), Porter’s five forces framework (Porter, 1980) and PESTEL (Johnson et al., 2017)) based on semi-structured interviews with eight companies active in the European crop protection industry. The proposed theoretical framework was used to analyse several BM change situations as presented by the companies.FindingsOur findings reveal that the study of BM change is improved when a third type of influencing factors is considered besides drivers and facilitating/hindering factors. This third type includes factors that shape cohesion between BM components or between the BM and its environment. Second, the interaction of different types of influencing factors at different levels of analysis should be considered, as this generates a comprehensive view of the BM change situation.Originality/valueThis paper meets the demand for a theoretical handle that results in improved and more comprehensive analysis of BM change. The proposed theoretical framework combines different types of internal (business) and external (industry and macro-environment) factors that shape a BM change and considers their interaction.

Evaluating the effect of horizontal Integration strategy on performance of commercial State corporations in Kenya

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of horizontal integration on performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya. The study was based on positivist research philosophy. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted as the study design. The target population was 1,026 senior managers of the Commercial State Corporations. The sample size was 99 senior managers in Commercial State Corporations. Primary data were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using descriptive data analysis techniques (Mean, Standard Deviation, Maximum and Minimum) and regression analysis. The findings of the study were presented using figures and tables. The study established a significant effect of horizontal integration strategy on financial, customers, internal business process and learning, growth and development performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya (? =0.536, p=0.000<0.05; ? =0.548, p=0.000<0.05;? =0.359,p=0.000<0.05;? =0.201,p=0.027<0.05). The study concluded that the horizontal integration strategy significantly improved the financial, customer, internal business process, and learning, growth, and development performance of Commercial State Corporations, supported by statistical evidence. The study recommends that Commercial State Corporations should streamline regulations to facilitate horizontal integration, ensure alignment with strategic objectives, prioritise sectors that enhance efficiency and service delivery, collaborate with competition authorities to comply with antitrust laws, and proactively address market concentration and anti-competitive concerns.

Analisis Kinerja Baznas Kabupaten Sukoharjo Dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard

The optimization of zakat management requires strong institutional support. One effort to achieve this is by evaluating the performance of zakat management institutions, particularly the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS). Several performance measurement models have been developed, such as IZN, IDZ, CIBEST, IMZ, ISZM, and the Balanced Scorecard. These models enable a comprehensive and simultaneous performance evaluation of BAZNAS. For example, a previous study analyzed the performance of BAZNAS Sukoharjo using the IZN model, with results indicating a "fair" performance. To build on this research, the present study uses field research with a descriptive qualitative approach, employing the Balanced Scorecard analysis. It measures performance from four perspectives: financial, customer (muzakki), internal business processes, and learning and growth. The results show that the performance of BAZNAS Sukoharjo, evaluated using the Balanced Scorecard, is rated "good" in the financial (zakat fund growth), customer (muzakki), and internal business process (programs implemented) perspectives, with a score of "1." Furthermore, the learning and growth perspective also achieved a "good" rating, with a score of "1." These results indicate that the performance has met the work targets, as well as the institution's vision and mission.

Information and Technology Governance Capability Analysis Using COBIT 2019: Case Study of CV Wirelessindo

The implementation of IT supports company sustainability. Large companies use IT as an integral part of their business model. Digital strategies must align with business strategies to achieve sustainability. Wirelessindo, established in 2007, provides IT solutions such as equipment, site surveys, network design and security, and tower installations. Its mission is to increase company productivity to win the competition in the era of Industry 4.0. IT is used to enhance customer service and internal business process efficiency. Initial investigations found issues with IT function mismatches, financial losses due to data loss, errors in IT equipment installation and configuration, and business process incidents caused by emerging risks. Identified root problems include employee knowledge gaps, risk management disparities, errors in defining business needs, and change management gaps. Based on these findings, IT governance evaluation was chosen as the research focus. This study aims to provide an overview of CV Wirelessindo IT capability levels and recommendations for improvements to meet expected levels. COBIT 2019 were used in this study. The General Manager, IT Division Manager, Software Development Team, Network Monitoring Team, Project Manager, and HR Manager were selected as respondents based on the Responsible, Accountable, Checked, Informed chart guidelines. Of the nine selected objectives, BAI08 showed level 0. APO12, BAI02, BAI06, BAI07, and DSS01 showed level 1. APO07, BAI10, and DSS03 showed capability level 2. Therefore, 61 recommendations were provided to raise the IT governance capability level to level 3 for all objectives.

Performance Analysis of Slamet Riyadi Hospital Pharmacy Installation Surakarta Using Balanced Scorecard Method

This study aims to determine the extent to which the performance of the Pharmacy Installation of the Hospital Class III 04.06.04 Slamet Riyadi Surakarta with the Balanced Scorecard method. This study is a non-experimental study with an exploratory and descriptive design. Data were collected retrospectively and simultaneously with in-depth interviews with pharmacists of the pharmacy facility, staff and patient questionnaires, and direct observation. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with existing standards. The findings indicate that 1) Financial perspective performance, TOR values are not yet in accordance with standards, the average GPM value is in accordance with the standard of 20-33% and the GROS value has not met the standard. 2) Customer perspective performance shows that there is high patient satisfaction with the performance of the Hospital Pharmacy Installation. However, there is a significant gap between satisfaction with its performance and patient expectations. Customer retention has increased customer acquisition in period one to period two. 3) Internal business perspective performance shows that drug availability reaches an optimal 100%, dispensing time for compounded prescriptions meets the standard, but for non-compounded prescriptions has not met the standard. PIO is delivered optimally 100% on information on indications, dosages, rules of use, side effects and related contraindications and how to store drugs have not been given to all patients. 4) The performance of the learning and growth perspective shows that satisfaction and work enthusiasm have a high category and the Hospital Information Management (SIM) system has not been optimally integrated. 5) The results of the SWOT analysis are included in quadrant II with a diversification strategy.

PENERAPAN BALANCED SCORECARD SEBAGAI SISTEM PENGUKURAN KINERJA

This study aims to determine the performance of the CU Sondang Nauli Savings and Loans Cooperative when measured by applying the Balanced Scorecard concept through four perspectives, namely: Financial perspective, Customer perspective, Internal business process perspective and Growth and learning perspective. The population in this study is the financial statements and member data of the Sondang Nauli CU Savings and Loan Cooperative, the samples in this study are financial statements, member data, and employee data of the 2022 CU Sondang Nauli Savings and Loan Cooperative. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by interview, documentation and questionnaire techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study is a descriptive analysis technique. Based on the results of the study showed that the performance from a financial perspective of 33,57%, a customer perspective of 69,43%, an internal business process perspective of 93,68%, and a growth and learning perspective of 100%, the total performance of the CU Sondang Nauli Savings and Loans Cooperative is 74% included in the A or "Very Healthy" category.

Certain aspects of legal support of ESG-strategy at the enterprise

The article is devoted to disclosing, from the legal point of view, the peculiarities of implementation and application of an ESG strategy at an enterprise through local acts of the enterprise. Today’s reality for Ukraine is the forced need to live and develop under the influence of destabilizing factors. A global trend that is designed, among other things, to counteract destabilizing factors is the comprehensive implementation of sustainable development goals. A practical reflection of the implementation of such goals at the level of an individual business entity is an ESG strategy, through the implementation of which a domestic business entity will not only be able to ensure its compliance with the relevant state policy, but will also potentially be able to build a system of counteracting destabilizing factors. In addition, the implementation of an ESG strategy can contribute to the post-war recovery of Ukraine. One of the goals that can be implemented in the short term is Goal 7, Renewable Energy. Decarbonization is a partial means of solving this problem. An ESG strategy can be used to implement decarbonization processes at the enterprise level, as it contains an environmental component. In addition to the environmental component, the ESG strategy also includes economic and social components, which opens up opportunities for the implementation of almost all sustainable development goals through it. The most effective model that will contribute to the optimal provision of the legal economic order is the introduction of ESG through a combination of elements of state regulation and self-regulation, but given the overload of the state apparatus, it is still advisable to implement ESG at the level of an individual business entity through the use of self­regulation mechanisms. One of the most promising legal means for implementing and applying an ESG strategy at the level of an individual enterprise is local rulemaking. For companies that do not have a complex organizational structure, it is advisable to use a single local act - a regulation or a comprehensive company policy. For companies with a complex organizational structure, it is advisable to use such a legal structure as an internal business agreement.

EVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION OF THE QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM OF DEFENSE GOODS, SERVICES AND WORKS IN UKRAINE

It is inadvisable to limit the quality assurance system for defense-related goods/services/works solely to a set of mechanisms; it must necessarily encompass vertical and horizontal connections both among the relevant functional blocks (subsystems) and between the entities involved in their operation. In the context of not only geopolitical challenges but also the ongoing daily struggle against an aggressor state, it is critically important to establish an effective and efficient system for controlling the quality of defense-related goods/services/works. This article is dedicated to the systematization of the characteristics of transformational changes and the outlining of methodological foundations for the effective functioning of the quality assurance system for defense- related goods, works, and services in Ukraine. A conceptual three-level model of the quality assurance system for defense-related goods, services, and works has been formulated by distinguishing the essential parameters of their operation at the global, national, and micro levels. The peculiarities of forming a quality assurance system for defense-related products at both the micro and macro levels have been justified. It has been emphasized that the effectiveness of the evolutionary transformation of the quality assurance system for defense-related products at all levels of its representation should be characterized by the penetration of market forces into the mechanism of its operation. Attention has been drawn to the substantive directions for implementing the requirements of NATO standards in the AQAP series (AQAP 2110) within the framework of a corporate quality management system in accordance with ISO 9001. Since there are no legal or legislative requirements mandating the implementation of quality management systems, the enhancement and improvement of the efficiency of internal business and production processes should be a direct concern of the enterprise itself, driven by market forces. At the same time, the state should create stimulating mechanisms, for instance, by employing soft regulation; in military procurement specifications, it should mandate the presence of a certificate of compliance with AQAP requirements for the enterprises involved. The expected effects of the transformation of the studied system include economic, organizational, and worldview effects. A comparative analysis of the evolutionary transformation of the quality assurance system for defense-related goods, services, and works has been conducted based on the following criteria: the object and subject of control; the function performed by the control subject; the breadth of the controlling institution’s functionality; the perimeter of the controlling institution’s authority; the level of depth of control; and the level of subordination of the controlling institution to the Ministry of Defense. Despite the complexity of the task declared at the state level regarding the functioning of the state guarantee system for the quality of defense-related products, which is influenced not only by objective factors but also by worldview factors, its implementation has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of Ukraine’s defense products and substantially improve Ukraine’s rankings in terms of transparency, institutional maturity, and the ecological soundness of economic relations in the defense sector.

Performance Measurement Analysis of Athallah Primary Clinic Using Balanced Scorecard Method Approach

Performance measurement has always been a benchmark for business success, including the type of health service business at Athallah Pratama Clinic. This study uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The aim of this research is to measure performance at the Klinik Pratama Athallah with the concept of a Balanced Scorecard approach from four perspectives, namely: financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective and growth and learning perspective. The data analysis method used is comparative analysis, namely by comparing the performance measurements that have been achieved by Klinik Pratama Athallah with the performance measurements that have been achieved using the Balanced Scorecard method approach with the total score. It is hoped that the results of this research will mean that Klinik Pratama Athallah can implement performance measurement using the Balanced Scorecard method approach because the large score can show "Good" results over a period of 2 years.

Effect of concentric strategy on the performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya

The study sought to assess the effect of concentric strategy on the performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted as the study design. The target population was 1,026 senior managers of the Commercial State Corporations. The sample size was 99 senior managers in Commercial State Corporations. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using descriptive data analysis techniques (Mean, Standard Deviation, Maximum and Minimum) and regression analysis. The results were presented using tables and figures. The study established a significant effect of concentric strategy on the financial, customers and internal business process performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya (β =0.829, p=0.000<0.05; β =0.648, p=0.000<0.05). Only learning, growth, and development as a measure of a Balanced Scorecard were not affected by the concentric strategy of the Commercial State Corporations. This study concludes that the concentric strategy significantly improved the financial, customer, and internal business process performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya, as supported by statistical evidence. However, it had no significant effect on learning, growth, and development performance. The study recommends that Commercial State Corporations in Kenya establish policies for strategic partnerships, develop performance metrics and Key Performance Indicators, and regularly monitor progress to effectively implement concentric strategies and enhance long-term performance.

Analisis Keterkaitan Kualitas Pendidikan, Nilai Pelanggan di Sekolah Swasta Melalui Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard.

The use of the Balanced Scorecard method in performance measurement including determining teaching quality and customer value, allows assessment of financial aspects, customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth based on the goals that the organization has set. This measurement is based on the organization's stated goals, vision and mission. With the Balanced Scorecard, SMKN 2 Rangkasbitung obtained a comprehensive picture of its teaching quality and customer value, including the school's ability to fulfill the satisfaction of educational stakeholders. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach, with interview, observation and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques recommended by Miles and Hubermen are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing based on themes in the research. In the context of education, the Balance Scorecard serves as a guide to measuring and improving the performance of educational institutions comprehensively, and obtaining commitment from project participants and clarifying the framework for implementation and management that must be implemented after the preparation of the initial Balance Scorecad, as well as helping institutions to translate vision, mission into concrete actions through performance measurement from various perspectives and used to boost the organization's ability to multiply performance

Investigate the distinctive link between a balanced scorecard and organizational performance in IT and non-IT sectors

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine how the implementation of a balanced scorecard (BSC) affects business outcomes in both information technology (IT) and non-IT sectors.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesis. A random sample was used to collect 170 responses from the IT companies and 166 from non-IT companies by using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was distributed to the top- and middle-level managers in Bangalore city, and we used SmartPLS software to explore the relationship between our research constructs.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that a BSC has a significant and positive impact on organizational performance in IT and non-IT sectors. The main distinction in this study is that all BSC perspectives [learning and growth perspective, internal business process (IBP) perspective, customer perspective (CP) and financial perspective (FP)] have a significant, direct and indirect impact on IT companies. On the other hand, solely three BSC perspectives (IBP perspective, CP and FP) have a significant impact on non-IT companies, while learning and growth perspective has an insignificant impact on the FP.Originality/valueThis study provides a critical theoretical and practical contribution of a BSC on business performance in IT and non-IT industries.

Roots and rewards: Exploring the symbiotic relationship between familism and Chinese family business philanthropy

This study examines the profound influence of familism on the philanthropic behaviours of family businesses (FBs) in China, utilising data from A-share listed FBs from 2012 to 2020. Familism, a core cultural ethos in China, not only shapes family dynamics but significantly impacts broader socio-economic activities, including corporate philanthropy. Our findings reveal that the intensity of familism within FBs correlates positively with their philanthropic donations. This relationship suggests that FBs embed familial values deeply within their corporate strategies, thus enhancing their social reputation and contributing to societal welfare. Importantly, this study enriches the literature in the field of culture and corporate finance by illustrating how familism transcends internal business practices to influence community-oriented activities, broadening the understanding of how cultural values shape corporate philanthropy globally.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Image Construction: Case Analysis and Strategy Suggestions

CSR is not only a gesture of the enterprise, but also a embodiment of its internal values and business philosophy. It covers environmental protection, labor rights and interests, social welfare and other aspects, requiring enterprises to actively assume social responsibilities while pursuing economic benefits. The brand image is the comprehensive impression of enterprises in the eyes of consumers, and it is an important part of the intangible assets of enterprises. A good brand image can significantly enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises and attract more loyal customers.CSR is the key to measure the comprehensive strength of an enterprise, which is not only related to the bottom line of corporate ethics, but also profoundly affects the brand image and market competitiveness. Through detailed case study, this paper reveals the subtle connection between CSR and brand image, and puts forward the strategy of brand image construction based on CSR, to provide strong support for enterprise practice.

Evaluation of Financial Performance with the Balanced Scorecard Approach in Retail Companies

This research assesses the financial performance of retail enterprises utilizing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) methodology. The study used a quantitative methodology, gathering data from 75 retail firms via a Likert-scale questionnaire (1 to 5). The analysis use SPSS version 26, concentrating on four key Balanced Scorecard perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth. The findings indicate substantial positive relationships across the customer, internal processes, and learning and growth perspectives with financial success, with the customer viewpoint serving as the most robust predictor. The results indicate that retail firms can improve financial performance by prioritizing customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and ongoing innovation. These insights offer significant recommendations for retail managers seeking to synchronize strategic objectives with operational performance.

Effect of Implementing the Balanced Scorecard on the Management Performance of PT YKK AP Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of a balanced scorecard on the management performance of PT. YKK AP Indonesia. This study used 40 employees of PT. YKK AP Indonesia, who met the criteria to be respondents. This study was conducted using the conventional sampling method on PT employees. YKK AP Indonesia and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The first stage tested the validity and reliability of questions for each variable. The second stage conducted a classical test, and the third stage conducted an F test, t-test, and determination coefficient test. The results of the t-test study showed that the variables of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and growth and learning perspective had a partial effect on management performance. In the F test, all independent variables simultaneously affected the dependent variable. Meanwhile, the determination coefficient value shows that the independent variables of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and growth and learning perspective contributed to the dependent variable, namely management performance, by 49%, while other factors outside the model influenced the remaining 51%.