Intermediary Institutions Research Articles

ANALISIS RASIO CAR, NPL, DAN LDR TERHADAP ROA

ABSTRACT
 Banks are intermediary institutions for those who have excess funds and those who lack funds. The purpose of this study is as follows to test and analyze the ratio of CAR, NPL, and LDR simultaneously affect ROA, the ratio of CAR, NPL and LDR partially affect ROA and between CAR, NPL, and LDR which variable has a dominant influence on ROA. This analysis was carried out with a descriptive qualitative approach, in which the researcher systematically compiled the data obtained based on the results of interviews and group discussions. The conclusion of this study explains that the CAR variable shows a positive and significant effect on ROA. The NPL and LDR variables show a negative and insignificant effect on Return On Asstes (ROA). And the variable with the most dominant influence on ROA is CAR.

Analysis of Wadiah Savings Product Marketing Strategy at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Aek Kanopan

This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative research methods. Qualitative research is a type of research whose discovery is not through statistical procedures or other forms of calculations and seeks to understand and interpret certain situations from the perspective of the researcher himself. The most important and most needed business activities today are financial and banking institutions, because the function of banking itself is an intermediation institution that plays a role in supporting the economic growth of a country. The marketing concept is the key to achieving company goals and providing expected satisfaction effectively and efficiently. In an interview conducted by the author to Customer Service, that so far customers in BSI KCP Aek Kanopan preferred to use savings with the principle of wadiah. Based on the rationale, the apprenticeship report took the title "Analysis of the Marketing Strategy of Wadiah Savings Products at the Indonesian Sharia Bank KCP Aek Kanopan".

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI NASABAH DAN BANK TERHADAP TINDAK KEJAHATAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (CYBER CRIME)

<p><em>Banks as intermediary institutions and trust institutions as the driving force of a country's economy, in their activities, cannot be separated from the use of information technology to support their operations. The use of information technology by banks in addition to having a positive impact also has a negative impact that will threaten and harm the bank and its customers, if not managed properly. Banking crimes that use information technology, especially against bank products and services that use computers and internet networks (Cybercrime) will cause losses to customers and the bank itself.</em></p><p><em>This research is normative juridical research that is descriptive-analytical with a case approach to identify and analyze forms of crime in the banking world and the efforts made by the government CQ. financial authorities in providing legal protection for customers and banks from criminals who use information technology.</em></p><p><em>The results of this study indicate that cybercrime is a crime using information technology that can be carried out without recognizing territorial boundaries and no direct interaction between perpetrators and victims of crime is required; so that the government, as well as the monetary authority (BI) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as supervisors in the financial and banking sectors, need to protect the public (customers) and banking institutions, namely by taking preventive and repressive actions by implementing existing laws and regulations and coordinating with law enforcement officers in preventing the occurrence of Cybercrime and providing severe penalties for the perpetrators of these crimes. </em></p>

PENGENALAN PERANAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH BAGI PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA PURASEDA, KECAMATAN LEUWILIANG, KABUPATEN BOGOR

Abstract
 The national economy depends on the economic movement of people. As a result of regulations restricting community mobility, the COVID 19 pandemic has changed lifestyles to accelerate economic activities. In the third quarter of 2020, Indonesia even formally entered into a recession with -3,49% economic growth. Also affected was the Islamic banking industry, which is one of the financial intermediary institutions, but not worse than conventional banking. This article seeks to determine the state's role in Islamic banking resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
 Keyword: Islmic Banking Industy, People’s Economy, Covid-19

Quasi judicial institutions in the civilization space for labor dispute resolution

This article examines conciliatory forms of proceedings for complaints and disputes related to the application of labor legislation or conditions of certain contracts that echo the past and modern period of extrajudicial forms; it also emphasizes that the period of the new economic policy was due to the phenomenon of rationalization and individualization of consciousness. The normative base of the conciliation and intermediary institutions of the early Soviet period is analyzed, and the competence of the assessment and conflict commissions is shown. The first norms of labor legislation emphasized democracy and attention to the literal mathematical equality of the parties during procedures for resolving conflicts and resolving cases, which has reference to the classical judicial principles of openness, publicity, transparency, and parity in proceedings, and allows us to make a reservation in terms of confusion and inconsistency and rationing the activities of all quasi-judicial institutions. Conciliation and mediation institutions, on the one hand, were built into the system of labor relations, and on the other hand, they are qualified as quasi-judicial, with all the signs of judicial activity. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that conciliatory activity in the civilizational space has been poorly studied, and in this regard, the study has historical significance, and has parallels with the practice of modern labor dispute commissions, conciliation commission, mediator, labor arbitration, arbitration court, mediator, lawyer, notary, and other conciliatory and intermediary institutions. Also, the parallels of the past years against the background of the reconstruction of archival materials and files according to the reports of the craft department of the workshop against the background of the industrial panorama of Belarusian cities in the 19th — early 20th centuries, the industrial appearance of the city of Minsk.

Značaj društveno odgovornog poslovanja bankarskog sektora za ostvarivanje održivog razvoja - primer Republike Srbije

The strategic approach to socially responsible business is necessary for increasing competitiveness and achieving sustainable development goals. Banks as intermediate financial institutions play a significant role in respecting all principles and mechanisms of socially responsible business. In modern business conditions, sustainable banking has become a global phenomenon. The concept of sustainable development effects the banking reorientation towards provision of new banking services and creating new, green, banking operations. Green banking contributes to achieving both profit and expanding social and environmental goals. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the analysis of the development level of green banking and finance in the Republic of Serbia, as part of the strategy of socially responsible business and sustainable development of banks in Serbia. The goal is to point out the current level of development of social responsibility and environmental awareness of banks and their clients, on the activities that banks conduct environmentally, but also on the development of green banking development in the domestic financial market.

Peran Produk Rahn Dalam Penguatan Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Nasabah di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan Syariah (KSPPS) Kramat Cabang Jatiarjo Kecamatan Prigen Pasuruan

Abstract:
 Financial institutions have a role as intermediary institutions or a process of transferring funds from savers to borrowers or those who need funds. The role of financial institutions is very large in the growth and development of the community's economy. Currently, non-bank financial institutions also have the influence to develop the businesses of the surrounding community that cannot be reached by banks. One of them is in the Sharia Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSPPS) Kramat, which provides financing with rahn products. Researchers conducted research on the implementation of rahn products and strengthening the business of members in KSPPS Kramat. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of Rahn products and to determine the effect of Rahn financing in increasing income and strengthening businesses that were built or even being run by members. The research conducted at KSPPS Kramat uses qualitative research methods, by interviewing several members of KSPPS Kramat and their administrators. While the data collection techniques carried out by researchers are interviews, documentation and observation. In this study the researchers found several things. In the application of the Rahn product at KSPPS Kramat using a sale and purchase agreement, but it does not take advantage of the goods that are pawned and the application for financing is also easy. With the financing of rahn products, businesses around the village of Jatiarjo have increased, this is because the installments at KSPPS Kramat do not have usury. And the monthly installments are quite light, making it easier for the community to pay off the proposed financing.
 Keywords: KSPPS, Rahn Products, Income Increase.

FİNANSAL ARACILIĞIN ASLÎ İŞLEV VE FAALİYETLERİNE GERİ DÖNDÜRÜLMESİ

Financial intermediation is a vital function that permits money circulation by getting it from surplus units in the economy and giving it to deficit units. Unfortunately, intermediary institutions deviated from this essential function and indulged in speculative trading activities using, in the process, a complex of debt instruments which are mute (unable to create added value) by nature. In contrast, Islamic finance ideas offer ways to bring financial intermediation back to focus on its original function of channeling resources from the liquidity fluent economic units to the liquidity hungry units. This paper aims to explore the economic advantages of applying principles such as using financial instruments of sale, lease, and sharing instead of the debt-based instrument of interest lending, especially in confining financial institutions to supporting the real economy through activities of financial intermediation and preventing them from going away from this fundamental function. This is in addition to the economic advantages of incorporating ethical values in the activities of financial institutions, which make financial transactions strictly associated with what is beneficial to human welfare. This paper takes a theoretical analysis approach and is based on secondary information through financial literature, papers, and articles.

Analysis of Sharia Financial Literature Factors and Planning Behavior Towards Intention to Using Sharia Banking Products During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The pandemic is a real challenge for the business world, including the banking financial services industry. Islamic banks as public intermediary institutions that have funds with those who need funds are required to be able to carry out their activities amid the threat of exposure to COVID-19. Islamic banking has a strategic role in Indonesia's economic development. This study will examine the Islamic financial literacy of the community and the factors of planned behavior in the intention to use Islamic banking products during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is included in the variables of this study between the variables of financial literacy and intention to use Islamic banking products. This study uses a quantitative method with PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The sampling techniques used in this study use convenience sampling techniques. Findings. The results of this study indicate that Islamic financial literacy influences awareness, public attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control. In addition, the results of the study also show that awareness, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control influence the intention to use Islamic banking products.

Promises Granted: Venture Philanthropy and Tech Ideology in Metajournalistic Discourse

ABSTRACT The past half-decade has seen the rise of venture philanthropy in the journalism industry, a kind of charitable giving often driven by tech industry actors Google and Facebook working through intermediary institutions such as the Knight Foundation and the American Journalism Project. As an ideological project, this intervention symbolizes both a significant economic and cultural investment. This paper interrogates how venture philanthropists and their investments have been made sense of via metajournalistic discourse. Through a critical discourse analysis of reporting and commentary about venture philanthropy, we find that professional discussions are often notably insular, framing journalism’s public values in market-centric terms and establishing funders as transformative figures intervening in a journalistic culture ill-prepared to adapt to the needs of the market. The analysis shows how venture philanthropy works as a site of tech industry influence and ideology in the field of journalism, primarily by demonstrating how the discourse construes publicly focused journalism as existing in part thanks to the largesse and beneficence of the tech companies who structure and extract value from the digital public sphere.

A Study on Teachers' Deportments and Pedagogical Skills at the Intermediate Level in an EFL Context

The study depicted the classroom environment during the teaching and learning process, focusing on appraising the teachers' demeanour and pedagogical strategies in the intermediate classrooms of the 'English as foreign language (EFL)' context of Bangladesh. The intermediate level denotes the higher secondary level of the 11th and 12th grades. Sixteen teachers of eight intermediate institutions from three districts of Bangladesh were selected as the key participants of this study. The study used two tools: classroom observation and interview. The researchers observed the teachers' deportments both from the outside and inside the classroom. The teachers and the students were observed to understand the current classroom scenario by evaluating the teacher's interactions, abilities and inabilities to manage the EFL classrooms. The interview was conducted in the 'Key Informant Interviews (KII)' format to know their viewpoints about their classroom deportments. The study found that some teachers have yet to develop their classroom management techniques to teach intermediate learners effectively. Later, the teachers participated in KII to provide more information about their deportments in the classrooms that effectively reveal the limitations and development aspects of teaching in the higher secondary classrooms. The study finally recommended some imperative measures to be taken by the institutions’ management or the central authority.

Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Bank DKI Mengunakan Risk Based Bank Rating Ratio

As one of the intermediation institutions and also a source of regional income, regional development banks (BPD) are currently faced with increasingly fierce competition. This study is titled assessment of the health level of bank DKI using RBBR ratio (Risk Based Bank Ratting) with the main focus in this study is to know and analyze the health level of regional development banks by using rbbr ratio as an assessment tool. The research method used is quantitative analysis that uses secondary data sourced from the bank's annual report in the period 2016 to 2020. The results of the study showed that the health level of DKI bank based on the overall RBBR Ratio showed good health performance in this study period. In 2016 the health assessment was good, in 2017 in 2018 in 2019 and in 2020.

Financial Statement Fraud in the Turkish Financial Services Sector

Financial statement fraud is a huge obstacle to economic growth and it results in the loss of investors’ trust in the financial system. In literature, financial statement fraud detected in real sector companies is investigated thoroughly, however, financial statement fraud in financial institutions is somewhat ignored. In this article, the researcher investigates the typologies and frequencies of financial statement fraud detected by the regulator. The financial services sector framework is made up of companies like banks, intermediary institutions and portfolio management companies and the Capital Markets Board of Turkey (CMB) is the regulator and auditor for the Turkish financial services sector. The author based her research on the audit findings of CMB between 2012 and 2020. According to research results, intermediary institutions are found to be the riskiest type of institution with the majority of fraud cases and the most frequently seen type of fraud is asset misappropriation of client assets. Moreover, CMB is likely not to pursue legal allegations if the company in question is awarded a sanction according to the correlation analysis result. This article has a unique approach that combines jurisprudence and fraud cases and draws attention to financial statement fraud in the financial services sector, which is a pioneer for the Turkish economy.

MONETARY CIRCULATION AND BANKS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE MAIN ECONOMIC SCHOOLS

The topicality of the research lies in the fact that the long-term evolution of financial markets, reinforced by global transformations, has led to the development of convergent processes in banking activities in the presence of significant paradigmatic differences between the major banking systems of the world. The existing peculiarities in the mechanisms and methods of regulation of the banking sector within individual countries have caused drastic changes in views on the nature of the bank and its activities. The traditional view of banks as institutions of financial intermediation, providing the exchange of monetary assets between the owners of savings and borrowers, does not provide for the creation of new money. Instead, proponents of the alternative viewpoint emphasize that in today's world banks finance borrowers mainly through the mechanism of money emission. Both points of view are present to varying degrees in various theoretical and conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of the bank as an institution of financial intermediation. The current economic realities require a detailed study of national banking systems, which largely developed historically, and methodological aspects of their evolution in the context of global transformations. The research subject. In the process of evolution of theoretical and conceptual approaches to the definition of the essence of money, banks, the banking system, the prevailing point of view on this issue has not yet taken a definite form. Nevertheless, the recognition of the effectiveness of banks as a factor of economic growth brings together the positions of competing schools of economic theory. Banks become a factor in the investment process even in the theoretical models of the neoclassical school, which traditionally denies the dependence of economic growth on the money supply. Endogenous growth models recognize the role of banks primarily as a factor in accumulating capital and increasing savings, as well as a mediator between owners of savings and borrowers. Although the Keynesian school of thought initially gave little weight to the functioning of the banking system, neo-Keynesian models have attempted to explain the importance of confidence in the banking system and the need for sound regulatory constraints. The above-mentioned has urged us to carry out this research. The methodological framework of the research is based on an analysis of research on the global debate about the nature of banks in the economy and the architecture of monetary policy. A wide range of theoretical and empirical research methods were used: systematic analysis, synthesis and generalization to formulate conclusions. The aim of the research is to generalize and systematize the evolution of perspectives on money in the interpretations of today’s main economic schools. Conclusion. The findings consist of a conceptualization views' evolution on money, the banking sector in a more open economy to capital flows, and our firm belief that the banking system and the related process of money issuance affect income levels cyclically and over the long term.

Institutional Analysis of the Integration of Rzeczpospolita Lands in-to the Russian and Austrian Empires

The article studies the collapse of Rzeczpospolita and the admission of its parts into the Russian and Austrian Empires to understand through the institutionalist approach the consequences of reformatting the geopolitical space, namely, implantation of the debris of the collapsed society into another social system. It reveals the mechanisms of the fusion of donor and recipient societies. They include unification – the integration of new territories into the legal and administrative-territorial organization of the acceptor country. This mechanism proceeds through several stages: initial, implying the creation of hybrid institutions (implementation of the new authorities into the pre-existing system of power); secondary, when the institutional transplants are rebuilt with the simultaneous foundation of intermediate institutions); final (the ultimate restructuring of power following the new model). A vital instrument of unification is constituted by estate homogenization or the alignment of the social organization of the new lands and the acceptor society. Besides, among the mechanisms of integration, there are conditionality (positive, or stimulating, for extending the social base of transfor mations as well as negative, intended to curb resentment), substitution (admission of representatives of the acceptor society to the higher estate of the new lands), socialization (measures to culturally homogenize the united social system). Despite the similarity of the employed mechanisms, there is a difference in the integration models applied by the Russian and Austrian Empires, which is due to the specificities of the state organization and national structure of these empires as well as the geographical location and the level of economic development of the acquired territories. The distinctive feature of the Russian approach to homogenization of the new lands with the rest of the empire was transplantation of economic, political, and social-cultural institutions to the acquired territories with preservation of some pre-existing endemic economic institutions. The Austrian policy was haracterized by asymmetrical and limited institutional transplantations (only political institutions) to the new province, which turned the region into a virtual inner colony. The meaning of the chosen integration model for the later development of the integrated lands is also discussed.

THE URGENCE REGULATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ON ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION ACCORDING LAW NO. 1 YEAR 2013 OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS

Microfinance Institutions (hereinafter referred to as MFIs) are financial institutions that function as intermediary institutions that aim not only to seek profit, but have another goal, namely social goals whose activities are more community development. MFIs in conducting business activities can be carried out conventionally or based on Sharia Principles. The business activities carried out by MFIs include trading activities, namely in the service sector. In carrying out Shariah MFI business activities, it must be based on Sharia Principles. The method used in writing this article is normative research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the Sharia Principles in this context are guided by the basic principles of Muamalah. The important objective in this research is the regulation in the laws and regulations regarding this matter whether it is in accordance with sharia principles. Harmonization between legislation as positive law in Indonesia with sharia principles sourced from the Qur'an and Hadith as the main legal sources of Islamic law is absolutely necessary to ensure legal certainty.

FİNANSAL HALKLA İLİŞKİLERDE WEB SİTESİ KULLANIMI: BORSA İSTANBUL 30 (BIST 30) ŞİRKETLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Halkla açık şirketlerin hisse değerlerini artırmak, finansal konumlarını güçlendirmek, finansal hedef kitleleri ile güvene dayalı ilişkiler tesis ederek bu kitleleri bilgilendirmek gibi amaçları elde etmek üzere yapılandırdığı finansal halkla ilişkiler çalışmaları günümüz rekabet ortamında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Söz konusu amaçların elde edilmesinde ise web siteleri etkili bir halkla ilişkiler aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kuruluşlar web siteleri aracılığıyla finansal hedef kitlelerine zamanında ve hızlı bir şekilde bilgileri ulaştırabilmekte ve bu bilgiler aracılığıyla güveni oluşturabilmektedir. Finansal hedef kitlelerle ilişkiler kuruluşların web sitelerinde “yatırımcı ilişkileri” başlığı altında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Borsa İstanbul 30 (BIST30) Endeksinde işlem gören şirketlerin web sitelerinde yer alan yatırımcı ilişkileri bölümlerini inceleyerek finansal halkla ilişkiler açısından değerlendirmektir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması desenine göre yürütülen bu çalışmada veri toplama tekniği olarak doküman incelemesi ve verilerin analizi için de içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. BIST30 Endeksinde işlem gören şirketlerin web sitelerinde yatırımcı ilişkileri bölümlerinde yer alan bilgiler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak “erişim”, “açıklık”, “içerik”, “yatırımcı desteği”, “teknoloji” kategorileri altında incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda erişim kategorisinde 11, açıklık kategorisinde 3, içerik kategorisinde 17, yatırımcı desteği kategorisinde 1, teknoloji kategorisinde 11 şirketin tam puan aldığı görülmüştür.

Institutions to the rescue: Untangling industrial fragmentation, institutional misalignment, and political constraints in the Russian gas pipeline industry

This article examines the institutional setting implemented by a fragmented industry to face a technologically and politically challenging environment. It does so through the lens of recent developments in new institutional economics building on the Williamsonian contributions about hybrid organizations and the Northian contributions about institutional layers. The resulting analytical framework throws light on the institutional design implemented by the Russian manufacturers of large diameter pipes, a strategic segment of the natural gas supply chain. Examination of this arrangement shows the key role of intermediary institutions, coined ‘meso-institutions,’ in coordinating parties that nevertheless remain competitors. However, this ‘economizing strategy,’ backed by the central government, collides with the ‘anti-monopoly’ strategy that the same government intends to implement. Based on interviews and private and public data and documents, this narrative shows the impact of technology on organizational choices and the theoretical gains to be expected from differentiating institutional layers when it comes to understanding the many challenges an industry faces.

Fiduciary Principle in Maintaining Islamic Banking Customer's Loyalty amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic

Islamic banks as intermediary institutions shall maintain and comply with sharia principles so that in carrying out their business, they will continue to gain trust from the community, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The principle that is highly fundamental for the existence of an industry including sharia banks is fiduciary principle. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of the fiduciary principle in maintaining customer loyalty amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used in this study was descriptive analysis. The type of data used was secondary data, namely in the form of articles, magazines, research journals, books, and other sources relevant to this study. The data collection technique used was documentation technique. The results of the study showed that the trust given to customers by sharia banks can increase customer loyalty in conducting various transactions. In addition, various efforts also needed to be made by sharia banks in order to maintain customer loyalty in the midst of the current pandemic by improving service quality and maintaining customer perceptions regarding the image of the bank. Therefore, sharia banks must uphold this fiduciary principle in order to prevent banking risks that may occur amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

The direct effect of commercial banks on poverty reduction: evidence from provinces in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Many studies at the macro-level have proved the direct influence of savings and credit on poverty reduction. This study aimed to correct this finding and employed commercial banks as the research case because most poor people had major barriers to directly access services provided by commercial banks. This study revealed that savings did not affect poverty reduction by employing panel data composed from provinces in Indonesia from 2004 to 2018. This finding indicated that the poor people did not prefer commercial banks for saving their money which functions as an instrument for their fund accumulation or emergency savings. On the contrary, this study proved that the credit of commercial banks affected regional poverty. Besides, this study revealed that poverty among regions in Indonesia was heterogeneous. The regions with more developed banking infrastructures do not automatically have a low poverty rate. Therefore, anti-regional poverty policy should focus on commercial bank reinforcement as intermediary institutions and regional aspects.