Interlock Fabrics Research Articles

Investigation on the Properties of 3D Warp Interlock Fabrics Based on Moroccan Sisal Yarns as Reinforcement for Composite Materials

ABSTRACT Despite the variability of Moroccan natural resources, few Moroccan natural fibers are exploited as natural textile composites. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of 3D warp interlock fabrics based on Moroccan sisal yarns. Before weaving, the characteristics of sisal yarns have been analyzed following standards. Based on these natural yarns, six different 3D fabric architectures were manufacturing on the same manual dobby loom. During the weaving process, process parameters have been kept constant for all the 3D woven architectures to ensure a similar value for both the warp and weft yarn densities. Different values of the fabric areal density and thickness of 3D fabrics have been measured under the same test and related conditions. Different parameters play an important role on these different product parameter values as; the non-regularity of the yarn and the significant differences of warp and weft shrinkages depending on the 3D woven architecture. At the same time, yarn damage has been checked before and after the weaving of the produced 3D woven preforms. At the end of this study, new knowledge on the mechanical performance of 3D warp interlock sisal fabric have been revealed for facilitating the suited choice of architecture for a composite material solution.

An exposition of shear thickening fluid treated double and 3D woven fabrics with a new integrity factor for enhanced impact resistance

Impact behaviour of a woven fabric depends on its material composition, interlacement pattern (weave) and sett. In this work, 2D and 3D woven fabrics were prepared and evaluated for their impact resistance in neat and shear thickening fluid (STF) treated conditions. 2D structures included homogeneous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric, hybrid fabric of p-aramid and UHMWPE, and double fabric with p-aramid as face and UHMWPE as back layer. 3D woven fabrics of different variants were composed of UHMWPE as warp and p-aramid as weft. A new parameter, named integrity factor, was introduced to quantify the firmness of 3D woven fabrics . The results highlighted the superior impact resistance of neat double fabric, a structure that has not been explored before, and STF treated hybrid 2D fabric. Among the 3D fabrics, impact energy absorption was the highest in through-thickness orthogonal (0.0935 J m2 g−1; integrity factor of 1.760), followed by layer by layer orthogonal (0.0685 J m2 g−1; integrity factor of 1.493) and the least of all, in through-thickness angle interlock fabric (0.0373 J m2 g−1; integrity factor of 1.026). STF treatment improved the impact resistance in all cases of 2D, double and 3D fabrics, with increment ranging from 38 to 153%. Outcome of this research will be helpful in designing double and 3D woven fabrics for impact resistance applications.

Investigation of impact performance of 3-dimensional interlock polymer fabrics in double and multi-angle pass stabbing

This paper presents the influence of fabric structures and stab angles on single-pass stab impact and the repeated and multi-angle stabbings of 3-dimensional (3D) warp interlock structural fabrics based on the high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE) yarns. Five kinds of samples with different structures were experimentally tested using the drop weight stabbing impact equipment at the same impact energy. Radar charts are plotted to demonstrate the differences among different parameters to a better understanding and a more global characterization of single-pass stabbing impact. An image analysis methodology of Structure From Motion (SFM) is used to compare the fabric deformation in Z direction after the stabbing tests. Results indicated that fabric structures have significant effects on the stab impact property that the orthogonal/through-the-thickness interlock fabric has a good stab impact resistance. Besides, the fabric with stab angle of 90° exhibited better single-pass stab impact property than the counterparts with stab angle of 0°. More importantly, the double-pass stabbing tests are compared to the ones of the single-pass stabbing which shows that a better condition occurs when the stab angles are identical in each pass.

Effect of Relaxation Mechanism on Shrinkage ability of Interlock Fabrics, Knitted from Indian Cottons.(Dept.T)

Effect of Relaxation Mechanism on Shrinkage ability of Interlock Fabrics, Knitted from Indian Cottons.(Dept.T)

Investigation of the mechanical and forming behaviour of 3D warp interlock carbon woven fabrics for complex shape of composite material

Composite materials which are reinforced with 3D warp interlock fabrics have outstanding mechanical properties such as higher delamination resistance, ballistic damage resistance and impact damage tolerance by means of their improved structural properties. Textile reinforcements are exposed to large deformations in the production stage of composite materials which have complex shape. Although good formability properties of 3D warp interlock fabrics in forming process were already proven by recent studies, further information is needed to elucidate forming behaviours of multi-layer fabrics which is produced with high stiffness yarns like carbon. In this study, 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics were produced on a prototype weaving loom and the same carbon yarn was used in two fabric directions with equal number of yarn densities. Fabrics were differentiated with regard to the presence of stuffer warp yarn, weave pattern and parameters of binding warp yarn which are angle and depth. Therefore, the effect of fabric architecture on the mechanical and formability properties of 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics could be clarified. Three different breaking behaviours of fabrics were detected and they were correlated with crimp percentages of yarn groups. In addition, the bending and shear deformations were analysed in view of parameters of fabric architectures. Two distinct forming behaviours of fabrics were determined according to the distribution of deformation areas on fabrics. Moreover, the optimal structure was identified for forming process considering the fabric architecture.

Dynamic stab resistance of multi-ply three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics with high-performance high-molecular-weight polyethylene yarns for protective applications

Fabrics constructed from 3 D warp interlock fabrics (3DWIFs) structures provide varying flexibility and durability and are promising structures for protective applications. However, its performance toward stab resistance from knife attack should be investigated before applying. In this work, the influences of fabric architectures, ply orientation of stacking sequences, and the number of fabric plies on the dynamic stab resistance are comparatively studied on high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE) 3DWIFs. It indicates that 3DWIF with orthogonal and through-the-thickness interlock structure reveals a helpful influence on stab resistance. Further investigation on the influence of different ply orientation of stacking sequences, based on the combination of fabrics placed at different angles, is analyzed showing a certain influence of stab resistance. Dynamic stab resistance reveals the linear correlation with a low number of fabric plies (less than 6 plies), but shows a parabolic relationship with the increase of fabric plies (more than 16 plies) until there is no penetration.

Structure and Properties of Polyamide Fabrics with Insect-Repellent Functionality by Electrospinning and Oxygen Plasma-Treated Surface Coating.

The need for light-weight and high-strength insect-repellant fabrics is of critical importance to the cessation of viral diseases. The goal of the study is to investigate the structure and properties of insect-repellent polyamide fabrics for use in protective garments to guard against mosquitos. Permethrin was applied to the polyamide fabrics through incorporation into the nylon 6 polymer solution during electrospinning and dip coating onto the control untreated and oxygen plasma-treated polyamide fabrics: electropun nylon 6 nanofiber nonwovens, commercially available nylon 6 warp knit tricot, and nylon 66 double weft, knit interlock fabrics. The incorporation of permethrin into the polymer solution before the formation of fibers demonstrated the most efficient way to apply permethrin to the fiber/fabric systems. The plasma treatment significantly increased the amount of permethrin on the surface of the fabrics. All permethrin-containing polyamide fabrics showed excellent fastness of the insecticide to light. The electrospun nylon 6 nonwovens demonstrated the best fastness to washing among the plasma-treated electrospun nylon 6, nylon 66 double weft knit, and nylon 6 warp-knit tricot. All permethrin-treated fabrics were repellent and caused higher percentage of mosquito escape compared to the control untreated fabrics.

Effect of Structural Parameters on the Deformational Behaviors of Multiply 3D Layer-by-Layer Angle-Interlock Para-Aramid Fabric for Fiber-Reinforcement Composite

Materials used in the technical application including composite reinforcements and ballistic fabrics should show not only good mechanical performance but also better deformational behaviors. Meanwhile, three dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabrics have been widely employed in such applications to substitute the two dimensional (2D) fabrics because of their enhanced through-the-thickness performance and excellent formability. The deformational behaviors of such 3D warp interlock fabrics have been also influenced by various internal and external parameters. To understand and fill this gap, the current paper investigates the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratios inside the fabric structure on the formability behaviors of dry 3D warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock architecture types made with different binding and stuffer warp yarn interchange ratios were designed and manufactured. An adapted hydraulic-driven stamping bench along with hemispherical punch was utilized for better forming behavior analysis such as in-plane shear angle and its recovery, material drawing-in and its recovery, deformational depth recovery, and required stamping forces. Based on the investigation of various formability behaviors, the formability of (3D) warp interlock fabrics were greatly influenced by the binding and stuffer warp yarns interchange ratio inside the 3D warp interlock structure. For example, preform 3D-8W-0S exhibited a maximum deformational height recovery percentage of 5.1%, whereas 3D-4W-8S recorded only 0.72%. Preform 3D-8W-4S and 3D-8W-8S revealed 1.45% and 4.35% recovery percentages toward the deformational height at maximum position. Besides, sample 3D-4S-8W revealed the maximum drawing-in recovery percentage of 43.13% and 46.98% in the machine and cross direction, respectively, around the preform peripheral edges. On the contrary, samples with higher binding warp yarns as 3D-8W-0S show the maximum drawing-in recovery percentages values of 31.21% and 34.99% in the machine and cross directions respectively.

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Dry Three-Dimensional Warp Interlock Para-Aramid Woven Fabrics: Experimental Methods toward Applications in Composite Reinforcement and Soft Body Armor.

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabric has been involved in composite reinforcement and soft ballistic material due to its great moldability, improved impact energy-absorbing capacity, and good intra-ply resistance to delamination behaviors. However, understanding the effects of different parameters of the fabric on its mechanical behavior is necessary before the final application. The fabric architecture and its internal yarn composition are among the common influencing parameters. The current research aims to explore the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratio in the 3D warp interlock para-aramid architecture on its mechanical behavior. Thus, four 3D warp interlock variants with different warp (binding and stuffer) yarn ratios but similar architecture and structural characteristics were engineered and manufactured. Tensile and flexural rigidity mechanical tests were carried out at macro- and meso-scale according to standard EN ISO 13 934-1 and nonwoven bending length (WSP 90.5(05)), respectively. Based on the results, the warp yarn interchange ratio in the structure revealed strong influences on the tensile properties of the fabric at both the yarn and final fabric stages. Moreover, the bending stiffness of the different structures showed significant variation in both the warp and weft directions. Thus, the interchange rations of stuffer and binding warp yarn inside the 3D warp interlock fabric were found to be very key in optimizing the mechanical performance of the fabric for final applications.

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

This paper investigates the effects of warp yarns ratios on the ballistic performances of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock variants with different binding and stuffer warp yarns ratios were designed and developed. Except for warp yarns ratios, similar fabric parameters and manufacturing conditions were considered. Two-dimensional (2D) woven fabric having similar material characteristics and recommended for female seamless soft body armor are also considered for comparisons. Five ballistic panels, one from 2D plain weave fabric and the rest four from the other 3D warp interlock variants were prepared in a non-angled layer alignment and non-stitched but bust-shaped molded form. The ballistic test is carried out according to NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard-level IIIA. Back Face Signature (BFS) was then modeled and measured to compute both trauma and panels’ energy-absorbing capability. The result showed significant ballistic improvement in the 3D warp interlock variant with optimum warp yarns ratios over traditional 2D plain weave fabrics. 3D warp interlock fabric panel made with 66.6% binding and 33.3% stuffer warp yarn ratio revealed both lower BFS depth and higher energy absorbing capacity (%) than other panels made of 2D plain weave and 3D warp interlock fabric variants.

Effect of Fabric Architecture on Tensile Behaviour of the High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene 3-Dimensional Interlock Composite Reinforcements.

As promising fibrous reinforcements in the thick composites manufacturing, 3-dimensional warp interlock fabrics (3DWIFs) are recognised more and more in the industry for their outstanding mechanical properties compared to the 2D laminates. The present work shows the influence of the fabric’s architecture on the tensile behaviour of 3DWIFs. Five kinds of 3D fabrics with different interlock structures have been designed according to the main category of binding warp yarn evolution. These five 3DWIFs, containing both binding and stuffer warp yarns and produced with the same warp and weft densities, are experimentally tested via uniaxial tensile tests. The experimental results of the different 3DWIFs have been compared to find the optimal solution based on several mechanical performances. Fabric structures have an impact on tensile properties both in the warp and weft directions. Furthermore, other influential factors, for example, the yarn crimps during the weaving process and the crimp angles of binding warp yarns in 3DWIFs, are investigated and discussed in the paper. The influence of the total crimp angles related to the binding path on the tensile properties of 3DWIFs via the inter yarns friction is summarised.

Design and development of a piezo-resistive sensor based on PEDOT: PSS applied to Sisal’s natural fiber for monitoring of 3D warp Interlock fabric

The aim of the current study is to develop and optimize a flexible sensor based on a natural sisal fiber. Based on this sensor yarn, different fibrous reinforcements of 3D warp interlock fabrics used in composite materials could be monitored. This natural yarn (Sisal) has been pre-coated with a layer of PVA solution which makes it possible to homogenize the surface of the yarn and serves as a substrate for the coating phase. A copper metal wire was used as a connecting device to the measurement acquisition system. Some Conductive Polymers Composite (CPC) based on PEDOT: PSS are compared and used as a coating layer in order to get the conductive appearance of the sensor yarn. A sensor calibration step was carried out which consists in testing the sensor yarn on a MTS traction bench while measuring their resistance variation simultaneously. The electromechanical behavior of the different types of sensors will be compared and discussed. Insertion of these developed sensors within 3D woven structures will be helpful for local monitoring and check the inner local elongation of the 3D warp interlock fabric during tensile tests.

Influent product and process parameters on the mechanical behaviour of 3D warp interlock fabrics made with E-glass yarns

3D weaving process has been more and more used as reinforcement for composite materials. However, 3D weaving applications are recent and the mechanical properties of the 3D warp interlock fabrics are not well known. Tensile tests have been performed both in the warp and weft directions of the fabrics, indeed they lead to different behaviour regarding the architecture. Results from experiments have been statistically analysed using PLS regression. This study led to correlations between fabrics parameters and mechanical behaviour. Moreover, it revealed that fabrics parameters such as the binding type, the yarns crimp and the picks density have influence on the quasi-static mechanical behaviour.

Development of 3D warp interlock fabrics based on moroccan natural fibers

The aim of this research is the valorization of Moroccan natural resources through the manufacturing of innovative 3D interlocks textiles. In order to investigate the potential of the sisal yarns used into 3D warp interlock fabrics, the 3D fabrics were studied at multi-scales (micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale). Before starting the manufacture of the 3D fabrics, different physical properties of the sisal fibers were analyzed according to standards. At the meso-scale, the mechanical and thermal properties of the sisal yarns constituting the 3D warp interlock fabric were studied according to standards. After these yarns and fibers characterizations, different types of architecture of the 3D warp interlock fabric have been designed and produced. Some difficulties have been revealed during the weaving process, which highlights the difficulty to handle the sisal yarns in order to obtain 3D fabrics to be used as a future fibrous reinforcement for composite material.

Wicking and Drying Behavior of Knitted Cotton Fabrics under Modified Water Drop Test

ABSTRACT Both face and back sides of cotton weft-knitted fabrics in five knitting structures (plain, rib, interlock, single pique, and double pique) were investigated based on modified water drop test (methods I and II) in terms of water diffusion time. The water drop height was raised from 1 cm to 20 cm and water drop volume was increase from 0.1 mL to 0.5 mL. The water diffusion time greatly decreased with the variation in water drop height from 0 to 15 cm. Water diffusion time was also influenced by water volume at 0.1–0.2 mL for the different structures and surfaces. It was found that the structures behaved differently, and two surfaces of fabric were capable of asymmetric water absorption property. The face side of single pique and the back side double pique had better water diffusion property. Besides, vertical wicking rate and the drying rate (methods I and II) were also conducted to evaluate the different structures. Although the plain structure was widely used for inner garments in the market, the interlock fabric was recommended in nonsweating conditions due to its poor water spreading and better drying ability, while the single-pique fabric was recommended in heavy sweating conditions due to its better water absorption ratio and faster drying rate.

XCT-scan assisted flow path analysis and permeability prediction of a 3D woven fabric

Compaction response and resin flow through a fabric are key characterization parameters in Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes. In this study, we present a detailed flow path analysis of a complex 3D woven angle interlock fabric using an in-situ X-ray micro computed tomography (XCT) experimental set-up. The set-up is used to obtain the reinforcement compaction response and three principle permeability values at different thicknesses in a single experiment. The compaction provides real-time features of inter-tow gaps, as well as elongation/spreading of weft and warp tows associated with a through-thickness deformation of the binder yarn. The reduction of the pore network during compaction is analyzed through pore size distribution using a granulometry and percolation path analysis. The resin flow path and reinforcement permeability in principle directions are predicted through vigorous digital flow simulations using several computational unit cells extracted from the reconstructed 3D models from XCT scans. The resin flow paths and principle permeability values show a very strong dependence on the solid volume fraction of the scanned images. A relationship between the solid volume fraction and permeability is developed using a modified Kozeny-Carman relation. The predicted permeability values were found to be in good agreement with traditional benchmark experimental data, highlighting the utility of this novel technique.

Ballistic impact performance and surface failure mechanisms of two-dimensional and three-dimensional woven p-aramid multi-layer fabrics for lightweight women ballistic vest applications

This paper investigates the influences of woven fabric type, impact locations and number of layers on ballistic impact performances of target panels through trauma dimension and panel surface damage mechanisms for lightweight women ballistic vest design. Three panels with 30, 35 and 40 layers of two-dimensional plain weave and another two panels with 30 and 40 layers of three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics were prepared. The three-dimensional woven fabric was manufactured using automatic Dornier weaving machine, whereas the two-dimensional fabric (with similar p-aramid fibre type (Twaron®)) was received from the Teijin Company. The ballistic tests were carried out according to NIJ Standard-0101.06 Level IIIA. Based on the result, woven fabric construction type, number of layers and target locations were directed an upshot on the trauma measurement values of the tested target panels. For example, 40 layers of two-dimensional plain weave fabric panels show lower trauma measurement values as compared to its counterpart three-dimensional warp interlock fabric panels with similar layer number. Moreover, 40 layers of two-dimensional fabric panels revealed 47% and 39% trauma depth reduction as compared to panels with 30 layers of two-dimensional fabric panel in moulded (target point 1) and non-moulded (target point 6), respectively. Due to higher amount of primary yarn involvement, two-dimensional plain weave fabric panel face higher level of local surface damages but less severe and fibrillated yarns than three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics panels. Moreover, three-dimensional warp interlock fabric panels required higher number of layers compared to two-dimensional plain weave aramid fabrics to halt the projectiles. Similarly, based on the post-mortem analysis of projectile, higher projectile debris deformation was recorded for panels having higher number of layers for both types of fabrics at similar target locations.

معايير حياکة أقمشة الإنترلوک المنتجة من ألياف الفسکوز المخلوط بالبولى إستر والإسباندکس Standards for sewing interlock fabrics produced from viscose fibers mixed with polyester and spandex

احتلت صناعة التريکو مکانة مرموقة فى مجال صناعة الملابس والنسيج، ويرجع ذلک لأسباب عديدة أهمها الإنتاجية الکبيرة، وقلة العمالة المطلوبة للتشغيل، وتقدم صناعة ماکينات التريکو الذى أدى إلى التنوع فى الإنتاج، بالإضافة إلى تطورإنتاج الألياف التحويلية والصناعية الذى ساعد على إکساب أقمشة التريکو مميزات تفوق مثيلاتها المنسوجة، کالمرونة والإستطالة العالية ومقاومة الکرمشة، ونظرا لما تتميز به أقمشة التريکو من خواص التمدد والمطاطية فهى تحتاج إلى عناية خاصة عند حياکتها من حيث اختيار نوع وصلة الحياکة ونوع وکثافة غرزة الحياکة. ولذا فقد هدف البحث إلى دراسة تأثير اختلاف کلا من نوع وصلة الحياکة ونوع وکثافة غرز الحياکة على جودة حياکة أقمشة الإنترلوک المنتجة من ألياف الفسکوز المخلوط بالبولى إستر والإسباندکس بنسبة خلط (رايون الفسکوز بنسبة 77.5%، البولى إستر 17.5%، الإسباندکس 5%)، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم إنتاج عدد 18 عينة بها ثلاثة أنواع من وصلات الحياکة وهى الوصلة المتراکبة SSa بغرزة الأوفرلوک 4 فتلة وغرزة الأوفرلوک 5 فتلة عند ثلاث مستويات من کثافة الغرز فى وحدة القياس، کما تم إنتاج الوصلة المتداخلة LSq-2 بکل من غرزة الأوفرلوک 4 فتلة وغرزة الأوفرلوک 5 فتلة عند ثلاث مستويات من کثافة الغرز فى وحدة القياس، بالإضافة إلى إنتاج الوصلة المتداخلة LSq-3 بکل من غرزة الأوفرلوک 4 فتلة وغرزة الأوفرلوک 5 فتلة عند ثلاث مستويات من کثافة الغرز فى وحدة القياس. وتم إجراء الاختبارات المعملية لعينات البحث وهى (قوة شد الحياکة – إستطالة الحياکة – سمک الحياکة – مظهرية الحياکة – صلابة الحياکة)، وباستخدام المعاملات الإحصائية لتحليل النتائج تم الوصول إلى أن العينة الرابعة (وصلة حياکة SSa، وغرزة حياکة 514، وکثافة غرز 4/سم) هى الأفضل بمعامل جودة 84%. Abstract The knitting industry occupied high position in the clothing and textile industry, due to many reasons including the large productivity and the lack of labor required for operation, and the advances of knitting machines industry, which led to various production, In addition to the development of the production of regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers, which helped to give knitted fabrics some important properties such as flexibility, high elongation and wrinkle resistance, due to the stretching and elasticity properties of knitted fabrics, special care must be taken during sewing, by choosing the suitable type of seam, stitch and density. The research aimed to study the effect of different types of seam type and stitch type & density on the quality of interlock fabrics produced from viscose fibers mixed with polyester and spandex(viscose rayon 77.5%, polyester, 17.5%, spandex 5%), and to achieve this goal 18 samples were produced with three types of seams, which are (the SSa seam with 514 overlock stitch and 516 overlock stitch) at three levels of stitch density, (the LSq-2 seam with 514 overlock stitch and 516 overlock stitch) at three levels of stitch density, and (the LSq-3 seam with 514 overlock stitch and 516 overlock stitch) at three levels of stitch density. Laboratory tests were performed for the research samples (seam strength - seam elongation - seam thickness - seam appearance - seam stiffness), by using statistical analysis to analyze the results, it was found that the fourth sample (SSa 514 overlock stitch, and stitch density 4 / cm) was the best with a quality factor of 84%.

3D warp interlocks p-aramid fabrics for composite reinforcement and ballistic vest applications: Effect of yarn density on its formability characteristics

The material forming capability becomes one of the most important characteristic of textile performance in the manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) components to fit a 3D surface in various technical applications. In this study, different forming characteristics of 3D warp interlock fabrics in dry fabric condition were investigated. 3D warp interlock architecture with different areal density from same para-aramid yarn with a linear density of 168dtex were systematically designed and produced on automatic dobby loom with standard atmospheric conditions. The approach utilizes a low speed forming process with a predefined hemispherical shape of punch for the analysis of different forming behaviour of the fabrics specimen. The same blank-holder pressure was chosen for all the samples for better comparisons. Among several forming properties, some important characteristics have been observed, measured and analysed for a better understanding of the material forming behaviour of the different samples specimen. The research results with independent warp and weft yarn densities show a significant impact on the forming behaviours 3D warp interlock fabric. Moreover, the result of the investigation also will give a better understanding on different forming behaviours of 3D warp interlock fabric with various densities while applying in different textile application including women soft body armour.

Engineering of 3D warp interlock p-aramid fabric structure and its energy absorption capabilities against ballistic impact for body armour applications

3D warp interlock fabric became a promising structure to develop women body armour due to its good mouldability. However, its performance toward ballistic impact for different threats should be investigated before applying. This paper aims to investigate the ballistic performances of 3D interlock p-aramid (Twaron®) fabric panels’ against NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard–0101.06 Level-IIIA. The intended fabric was manufactured on a semi-automatic loom in GEMTEX Laboratory. 2D plain weave fabric with similar fibre type was also tested for comparison. Various target panels from each structure were arranged and moulded at pre-defined points using an adapted bust-shape forming bench to resemble frontal female body contour. Based on the result, the energy absorption capabilities of 3D interlock and 2D fabric panels with a higher number of layers did not reveal a significant difference. However, the 2D fabric panel absorbed more energy than 3D warp interlock fabrics for a reduced and similar number of layers due to its rigid and stiffness property. Besides, both fabric types had shown less energy transmission to the backing material at the non-moulded target areas as compared to the moulded target area. While shaping the intended panel, 3D interlock fabric revealed better mouldability and less recovery behaviour with less wrinkle formations.