Abstract
Recently, three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabric has been involved in composite reinforcement and soft ballistic material due to its great moldability, improved impact energy-absorbing capacity, and good intra-ply resistance to delamination behaviors. However, understanding the effects of different parameters of the fabric on its mechanical behavior is necessary before the final application. The fabric architecture and its internal yarn composition are among the common influencing parameters. The current research aims to explore the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratio in the 3D warp interlock para-aramid architecture on its mechanical behavior. Thus, four 3D warp interlock variants with different warp (binding and stuffer) yarn ratios but similar architecture and structural characteristics were engineered and manufactured. Tensile and flexural rigidity mechanical tests were carried out at macro- and meso-scale according to standard EN ISO 13 934-1 and nonwoven bending length (WSP 90.5(05)), respectively. Based on the results, the warp yarn interchange ratio in the structure revealed strong influences on the tensile properties of the fabric at both the yarn and final fabric stages. Moreover, the bending stiffness of the different structures showed significant variation in both the warp and weft directions. Thus, the interchange rations of stuffer and binding warp yarn inside the 3D warp interlock fabric were found to be very key in optimizing the mechanical performance of the fabric for final applications.
Highlights
Textile materials nowadays are widely used in various technical applications, including composite reinforcement for aerospace, transport, military, and other applications
The structure of the fabric involved in technical applications should have higher mechanical performance compared to the structure involved in conventional applications such as clothing and home furnishings
The results showed that composites made with 3D woven fabric had considerably better impact resistance, knife penetration resistance, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) behavior as compared with their UD and 2D
Summary
Textile materials nowadays are widely used in various technical applications, including composite reinforcement for aerospace, transport, military, and other applications. Its involvement in the above application is mainly because it has an improved capacity to absorb energy by higher intra-ply resistance to delamination, saves on cost, and has high production rates [5,6,7]. Such fabric provides better shaping ability for 3D shape solutions by linking different yarns through different weave styles at the required thickness [8,9,10,11]. Various researchers have been intensively investigating the final mechanical behavior under static or dynamic loading at the dry and composite reinforcement stages, and the influence of various factors, including fabric type, fabric architecture, fiber type, yarn density, and weave parameters [12,13,14]
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