Interlayer Galleries Research Articles

Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution in clays at thermodynamic conditions of hydraulic fracturing: Insight from molecular dynamics simulations.

To address a high salinity of flow-back water during hydraulic fracturing, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and study the thermodynamics, structure, and diffusion of concentrated aqueous salt solution in clay nanopores. The concentrated solution results from the dissolution of a cubic NaCl nanocrystal, immersed in an aqueous NaCl solution of varying salt concentration and confined in clay pores of a width comparable to the crystal size. The size of the nanocrystal equals to about 18 Å which is above a critical nucleus size. We consider a typical shale gas reservoir condition of 365 K and 275 bar, and we represent the clay pores as pyrophyllite and Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) slits. We employ the Extended Simple Point Charge (SPC/E) model for water, Joung-Cheatham model for ions, and CLAYFF for the slit walls. We impose the pressure in the normal direction and the resulting slit width varies from about 20 to 25 Å when the salt concentration in the surrounding solution increased from zero to an oversaturated value. By varying the salt concentration, we observe two scenarios. First, the crystal dissolves and its dissolution time increases with increasing salt concentration. We describe the dissolution process in terms of the number of ions in the crystal, and the crystal size and shape. Second, when the salt concentration reaches a system solubility limit, the crystal grows and attains a new equilibrium size; the crystal comes into equilibrium with the surrounding saturated solution. After crystal dissolution, we carry out canonical MD simulations for the concentrated solution. We evaluate the hydration energy, density profiles, orientation distributions, hydrogen-bond network, radial distribution functions, and in-plane diffusion of water and ions to provide insight into the microscopic behaviour of the concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution in interlayer galleries of the slightly hydrophobic pyrophyllite and hydrophilic Na-MMT pores.

DL-mandelic acid intercalated Zn-Al layered double hydroxide: A novel antimicrobial layered material

DL-mandelic acid (MA) has been intercalated into Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) by an anion-exchange reaction. After intercalation of MA anions, the basal spacing of the LDH increased from 0.75 to 1.46 nm, suggesting that the MA anions were successfully intercalated into the interlayer galleries of the LDH. The structure and the thermal stability of the samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA. Studies of MA release from ZnAl-MA-LDH in hydrochloric solution (pH = 4) imply that ZnAl-MA-LDH is a better controlled release system than pure MA. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of slow release were assessed by using four commonly kinetic models. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of ZnAl-MA-LDH was tested against two kinds of bacteria and a fungus. The study confirms that the mandelic ions intercalated LDHs have the potential application as a slow release preservative in the future.

Imaging the dynamics of an individual hydrogen atom intercalated between two graphene sheets

The interlayer gallery between two adjacent sheets of van der Waals materials is expected to modify properties of atoms and molecules confined at the atomic interfaces. Here, we directly image individual hydrogen atom intercalated between two graphene sheets and investigate its dynamics by scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). The intercalated hydrogen atom is found to be remarkably different from atomic hydrogen chemisorbed on external surface of graphene. Our STM measurements, complemented by first-principles calculations, show that the hydrogen atom intercalated between two graphene sheets has dramatically reduced potential barriers for elementary migration steps. Especially, the confined atomic hydrogen dissociation energy from graphene is reduced to 0.34 eV, which is only about a third of a hydrogen atom chemisorbed on graphene. This offers a unique platform for direct imaging of the atomic dynamics of confined atoms. Our results suggest that the atomic interfaces of van der Waals materials may provide a confined environment to tune the interfacial chemical reactions.

$$\hbox {NO}_{2}^{-}$$ NO 2 - and $$\hbox {SCN}^{-}$$ SCN - -intercalated layered double hydroxides: structure and orientation of anions in the interlayer gallery

\(\hbox {NO}_{2}^{-}\) and \(\hbox {SCN}^{-}\) are two common small inorganic anions. The former is a common industrial pollutant. The latter is linear and is a good mimic for the toxic \(\hbox {CN}^{-}\) ion. The structures of these two anions are refined within the gallery of the [Zn–Al]-layered double hydroxide (LDH). Both LDHs crystallize as mixed anion phases. The nitrite is found to co-exist with the nitrate ion. The nitrite ion is intercalated with its molecular plane inclined to the metal hydroxide layer. In the case of the \(\hbox {SCN}^{-}\) intercalated LDH, no other anion was detected by ion chromatography, suggesting that the \(\hbox {SCN}^{-}\) deficiency is compensated by intercalated hydroxyl ions. In this case, the \(\hbox {SCN}^{-}\) ion is found to be intercalated with its molecular axis inclined to the metal hydroxide layer.

Morphology and Structure of Amino Fatty Acid Intercalated Montmorillonite

For nanocomposite production, montmorillonite clays are often modified with organic surfactants to favor its intermixing with the polymer matrix. In the present study, Na+-montmorillonite (Na+-MMT) was subjected to organo-modification by cation exchange with protonated 12-aminolauric (ALA). The amount of the amino fatty acid surfactants loaded were 25, 50, 100 and 200% times the CEC of Na+-montmorillonite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the interlayer spacing of the clay increased from 1.25 to 1.82 nm with increasing ALA content. The amino fatty acid chain were considered to be arranged into a flat monolayer structure at low surfactant loading, while they form a bilayered to a pseudotrilayered structure at high surfactant loading. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the alkylchains adopt a gauche conformation indicating their disordered state. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) revealed that the surfactant in the clay were thermally stable with Td ranging from 353 to 417°. The difference in the melting behavior of the pristine fatty amino fatty acids and confined fatty acids in the interlayer galleries of the clay were evaluated differential scanning calorimerty (DSC). The melting temperatures (Tm) of the amino fatty acid in the clay were intitially higher than the free amino fatty acid but decreased with increasing surfactant loading. The amino fatty acid may be tethered to the clay structure via ionic interaction or ion-dipole attraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the organo-clays have a disordered and flaky morphology. The present study suggests that 12ALA is a suitable intercalating agent for the production of organophilic clay materials.

Two-dimensional graphene oxide membrane for H2/CH4 separation: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations

As an ultrathin, high-flux, and energy-efficient membrane, graphene oxide (GO) has shown great potential for gas separation. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we studied the H2/CH4 separation performance of GO membrane. It is found that the size of gas molecule and its interaction with GO sheet are two key factors in determining the diffusivity in interlayer gallery of GO, which results in significant difference of selectivity and permeability for H2 and CH4. The influences of two interlayer configuration parameters, the interlayer spacing and oxidation degree, on the separation of H2/CH4 are firstly studied. Then the effects of gas thermal behaviors, simulation temperature and initial gas pressure are also examined. Our studies uncover the underlying mechanism of H2/CH4 separation in GO membrane, and these understandings could promote efficient two-dimensional layered gas separation membrane materials development by engineering assemblies.

Fabrication, controlled release, and kinetic studies of indomethacin—layered zinc hydroxide nanohybrid and its effect on the viability of HFFF2

ABSTRACTThe intercalation of indomethacin into the interlayer gallery of layered zinc hydroxide (LZH) has been successfully executed using the simple ion exchange approaches. The synthesized intercalation compound, indomethacin-LZH nanohybrid, was characterized using PXRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, and STA. From the PXRD results, the intercalation of indomethacin anions into the interlayer gallery of LZH was successful; showing the formation of a new peak at lower 2θ with a basal spacing of 21.96 Å. FTIR analysis of the nanohybrid further supported the presence of indomethacin in the interlayer of the indomethacin-LZH nanohybrid. STA analysis confirms that the nanohybrid has higher thermal stability than pure indomethacin. The in vitro release mechanism of the indomethacin anions from the indomethacin-LZH nanohybrid showed slow release, with 95% and 78% release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at pH 4.8 and 7.4, respectively. The release behavior of indomethacin from its intercalation compounds in PBS solution at pH 4.8 and 7.4 follows the Higuchi model. In addition, the nanohybrid treated with normal fibroblast cell line shows that it reduces cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. This study shows that the high potential of the nanohybrid as an encapsulated material for the controlled release formulation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NASID) anions.

Enhancement of anticorrosion protection via inhibitor-loaded ZnAlCe-LDH nanocontainers embedded in sol–gel coatings

Inhibitor-loaded ZnAlCe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocontainers were prepared through the co-precipitation method. Vanadate and molybdate were used as guest inhibitors intercalating in the interlayer galleries of ZnAlCe-LDHs. The samples were characterized in terms of morphology, structure, and release behavior by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques. To investigate inhibition behavior, the LDHs particles were embedded in a hybrid sol–gel (SiO x /ZrO x ) layer on aluminum alloy 2024 measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS results show that the sol–gel coating with inhibitor-loaded ZnAlCe-LDH particles exhibits high corrosion resistance due to the active inhibition by the dissolution of ZnAlCe-LDHs and inhibitor anions and the exchange behavior of LDHs. Compared with the addition of ZnAlCe-MoO4-LDHs, the coating embedded with ZnAlCe-V2O7-LDHs exhibited better anticorrosion abilities and provided effective protection after a long immersion time.

Temperature-Dependent Structure and Dynamics of Water Intercalated in Layered Double Hydroxides with Different Hydration States

Properties of water confined in layered double hydroxides (LDH) are relevant with hydration, dehydration, and protonic conduction in interlayer galleries. Evolutions of structure and dynamics of water in LDHs (Mg2Al(OH)6Cl·mH2O) with temperature are disclosed through molecular dynamics simulations performed in the range from 300 to 430 K. LDHs with m = 0.78 and 1.44 which characterize two different hydration states are investigated. Water in the lower hydration state is characterized with higher ordered structure. Irrespective of water content, water becomes less hydrogen bonded and more disordered as temperature increases. This leads to a large decrement in dehydration enthalpy, which facilitates dehydration energetically. Irrespective of temperature or water content, water exhibits the preference for being fixed in hydroxyl sites and it diffuses through jumping between neighbor sites. Jump diffusion approximately exhibits an Arrhenius dependence on temperature. A jump is a collective process consisting ...

Advanced oxidation of rhodamine B with hydrogen peroxide over Zn Cr layered double hydroxide catalysts

Abstract Zn/Cr layered zinc hydroxide materials with different molar ratios of Cr/Zn have been synthesized through the coprecipitation method at pH of 9.0–9.5. At high Cr/Zn molar ratios of 0.5/1–1/3, the materials possess some layered structure with carbonate anions between the interlayer galleries. The catalysts present uniform particle sizes and quite high surface area. An isomorphous substitution of Zn 2+ by Cr 3+ in the brucite-like sheets makes the layered Cr-doped zinc hydroxides potential catalysts for efficient oxidation of rhodamine B with H 2 O 2 solution. The experimental results indicated that the intra-lattice Cr 3+ ions are more active than Cr 2 O 3 components in the oxidative removal of rhodamine B. The degradation efficiency is dependent on the intra lattice Cr 3+ contents and reaction variables. The Cr/Zn LDH gave a high decolorization (99%) of rhodamine B at near neutral pH and room temperature.

MgFe hydrotalcites-derived layered structure iron molybdenum sulfide catalysts for eugenol hydrodeoxygenation to produce phenolic chemicals

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an effective alternative to produce value-added chemicals and liquid fuels by removing oxygen from lignin-derived compounds. Sulfide catalysts have been proved to have good activity for the HDO and particularly high selectivity to phenolic products. Herein, we presented a novel way to prepare the layered structure sulfide catalysts (MgFeMo-S) derived from MgFe hydrotalcites via the intercalation of Mo in consideration of the memory effect of the calcined hydrotalcite. By varying the Mg/Fe mole ratio, a series of MgFeMo-S catalysts were successfully prepared and characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The characterization results indicated that the MgFeMo-S catalyst has retained the unique layered structure, which can facilitate uniform dispersion of the MoS2 species on both the surface and interlayer of the catalysts. For the HDO of eugenol, the Mg1Fe2Mo-S catalysts exhibited the best HDO activity among all the catalysts due to its higher active metal contents and larger pore size. The HDO conversion was 99.6% and the yield of phenolics was 63.7%, under 5 MPa initial H2 pressure (measured at RT) at 300 °C for 3 h. More importantly, MoS2 species deposited on the interlayer galleries in the MgFeMo-S catalysts resulted in dramatically superior HDO activity to MoS2/Mg1Fe2-S catalyst. Based on the mechanism investigation for eugenol, the HDO reaction route of eugenol under sulfide catalytic system has been proposed for the first time. Further applicability of the catalyst on HDO of more lignin-derived compounds was operated, which showed good HDO activity and selectivity to produce aromatic products.

Preparation of Zinc Layered Hydroxides-cinnamaldehyde Nanocomposites and Its Physico-Chemical Study

Cinnamaldehyde (CINN) is an organic guest anion, the main constituent of cinnamon oil was intercalated into zinc-layered hydroxides (ZLHs) by ion exchange method. CINN has been reported can killed mosquito larvae. The powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) indicates a successful intercalation of CINN into the interlayer galleries of ZLHs matrix when 1.0 g of ZnO with 0.08M of CINN was used forming zinc layered hydroxides-cinnamaldehyde (ZCINN) exhibiting basal spacing expansion, 21.2Å. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results supported and confirmed the intercalation of CINN as both ZnO and CINN functional groups appeared in ZCINN spectrum. The thermal stability property of the ZCINN was enhanced as compared to the anion, CINN. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image of ZnO showed a nonuniform granular-like structure transforming into flaky structure with various sizes after intercalation of CINN took place. These results indicate that it is possible to design and develop the nanocomposites containing larvicide for further investigations.

Synthesis and Characterisation of Zinc/Aluminium-Layered Double Hydroxide-L-Phenylalanate Nanocomposites Using Ion Exchange Method

This study was conducted to synthesise Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide-ʟ-phenylalanate (Zn/Al-LDH-LP) nanocomposite via ion exchange method. The synthesised nanocomposite was characterised using PXRD, FTIR, CHNS, ICP-OES, TGA/DTG and FESEM. The PXRD patterns of the Zn/Al-LDH-LP nanocomposite demonstrate an expansion of interlayer spacing, with a value of 15.8 A, hence, indicates the successful intercalation of the drug ʟphenylalanate into the interlayer gallery of the Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide. The intercalation was also confirmed by the FTIR study which show the appearance of peaks in the FTIR spectra of Zn/Al-LDH-LP that represents the alkyl C‒H stretch, N‒H stretch, antisymmetric and symmetric stretching of COO‾ group. CHNS analysis showed that Zn/Al-LDH-LP nanocomposite contained 37.89% carbon (w/w) and the loading percentage of LP in the Zn/Al-LDH-LP nanocomposite is 57.91% (w/w). The result obtained from the FTIR spectroscopy, CHNS elemental analyser and ICP-OES shows that the Zn/Al-LDH-LP nanocomposite was composed of both Zn/Al-LDH and ʟ-phenylalanate, thus confirmed the occurrence of the intercalation. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the Zn/Al-LDH-LP nanocomposite possesses better thermal stability than the pristine ʟ-phenylalanine, and occurred in four stages at maximum temperature of 152°C, 242°C, 311°C and 427°C with weight losses of 8.2%, 6.8%, 8.7% and 52.9%, respectively. The chemical formula for Zn/Al-LDH-LP nanocomposite was proposed as [Zn0.71Al0.29(OH)2][C6H5CH2(NH2)COO‾]0.29.1.33H2O. This study demonstrates that the ZLH-LP nanocomposite can be synthesised using the ion exchange method.

A Novel Approach to Fabricate Protective Layered Double Hydroxide Films on the Surface of Anodized Mg‐Al Alloy

In this work, anodic films consisted of a mixed oxide of aluminum and magnesium are developed on magnesium alloy by anodizing process. Then, MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) films are prepared by using this anodic film as a source of cations, without the introduction of any kinds of trivalent metal salts. After that, inhibitor anions of vanadate are intercalated into the interlayer galleries of LDHs through anion‐exchange process. LDH conversion films are investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrum, X‐ray diffractometer, and Fourier transform infrared, respectively. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of LDH conversion films are studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion test in NaCl solution, respectively. The results show that uniform and fine LDH films are successfully fabricated by using only anodic films, and the pores in anodic films are successfully sealed by LDHs. Moreover, the vanadate loaded LDHs exhibit better corrosion resistance compared to LDHs without vanadate.

NiAlZrW hydrodesulfurization catalysts derived from tungstate intercalated NiAlZr layered double hydroxides

A series of tungstate-intercalated NiAlZr layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different Zr contents were prepared by an ion exchange method. The LDHs were further calcined at 450°C to obtain NiAlZrW mixed metal oxides as hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts. The properties of the LDHs and catalysts were characterized and their activity was evaluated by the HDS of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The results show that W7O246− anions are successfully intercalated in the interlayer gallery. Upon calcination, tungsten species are highly dispersed on the catalysts even at the tungsten oxide content above 50wt%, owing to the peculiar layered structure of LDHs. On the LDHs-derived catalysts, amorphous and dispersed NiWO4 species are formed due to the reaction between Ni in the layer and tungstate in the interlayer during calcination. The introduction of Zr could further facilitate the formation of highly dispersed NiWO4 species and improve their reducibility by weakening the strong WOAl interaction. This is responsible for the superior HDS activity and higher hydrogenation selectivity of Zr-containing catalysts derived from LDHs, in comparison with those of Zr-free catalysts and the catalyst with the same metal contents prepared by the impregnation method. The present work may offer a convenient approach to prepare active HDS catalysts by provoking the formation of NiWO4 species with both high dispersion and reducibility.

Influence of temperature on the characteristics of Ni(II), Ti(IV) layered double hydroxides synthesised by different methods

The influence of temperature on the characteristics of Ni(II)–Ti(IV) LDH was investigated in the work. Ni(II)–Ti(IV) layered double hydroxides were synthesized from a solution of Ni 2+ and Ti 4+ with the cationic ratio of Ni 2+ /Ti 4+ =5 by using three coprecipitation techniques: titration, coprecipitation at high supersaturation and homogeneous coprecipitation. The prepared samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). By means of XRD, it was revealed that all samples prepared using titration and coprecipitation at high supersaturation at 65 and 20 o C correspond to Ni-Ti LDH structure. Elevated temperature during sample preparation using titration and coprecipitation at high supersaturation did not have a significant effect on phase composition, but affected the crystallinity. According to XRD results, the sample prepared using homogeneous coprecipitation at 70 o C had a significant content of b-Ni(OH) 2 . Increasing the synthesis temperature to 80 o C has led to the almost complete disappearance of b-Ni(OH) 2 reflections. By means of TGA and DSC, it was found that titration method leads to formation of samples with higher thermal stability than those prepared by high supersaturation. Elevated temperature and hydrothermal treatment leads to higher thermal stability of the samples. Samples prepared by homogeneous coprecipitation show complicated behavior during thermal decomposition, confirming the presence of cyanate ions in the interlayer gallery.

Insight into the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticle pillared layered double hydroxides composite via thermal decomposition and reconstruction

As one of layered double hydroxides (LDH) based heterogeneous catalysts, transition metal oxide pillared LDH composite has attracted considerable research interests as its excellent catalytic efficiency and thermal stability. However, during the preparation especially by reconstruction techniques, abundant interlayer regions of LDH are contaminated by some unexpected anion such as LDH affinitive CO32−, which will result in inaccessible interlayer active site. In this paper, magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4 pillared LDH composite was synthesized with exchangeable NO3− as the main interlayer anion by decomposition and reconstruction route. The anion exchange, decomposition and reconstruction processes were comprehensively investigated. XRD, TG-DTA-MS, SEM and other methods have been employed to characterize materials. The results show that anion exchange between ferric citrate anion and LDH follows Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model. The decomposition and oxidation of anion exchange product (LDH-Fe(C6H4O7)−) can be complete at 550°C for 20min and crystal Fe3O4 with nanostructure is formed between 500 and 600°C. When calcined product (LDO-Fe3O4) is reconstructed by rehydration in 0.015M HNO3-30wt% NaNO3 mixture aqueous solution, CO32− contamination derived from CO2 in air can be averted and lamellar structure is successfully recovered with Fe3O4 and NO3− remaining in the interlayer gallery of LDH.

Controlled release formulation of an anti-depression drug based on a L-phenylalanate-zinc layered hydroxide intercalation compound

The intercalation of L-phenylalanate (LP) into the interlayer gallery of zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) has been successfully executed using a simple direct reaction method. The synthesised intercalation compound, zinc layered hydroxide-L-phenylalanate (ZLH-LP), was characterised using PXRD, FTIR, CHNS, ICP-OES, TGA/DTG, FESEM and TEM. The PXRD patterns of the intercalation compound demonstrate an intense and symmetrical peak, indicating a well-ordered crystalline layered structure. The appearance of an intercalation peak at a low angle of 2θ with a basal spacing of 16.3Å, signifies the successful intercalation of the L-phenylalanate anion into the interlayer gallery of the host. The intercalation is also validated by FTIR spectroscopy and CHNS elemental analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis confirms that the ZLH-LP intercalation compound has higher thermal stability than the pristine L-phenylalanine. The observed percentage of L-phenylalanate accumulated release varies in each release media, with 84.5%, 79.8%, 63.8% and 61.8% release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at pH 4.8, deionised water, PBS solution at pH 7.4 and NaCl solution, respectively. The release behaviour of LP from its intercalation compounds in deionised water and PBS solution at pH 4.8 follows pseudo second order, whereas in NaCl solution and PBS solution at pH 7.4, it follows the parabolic diffusion model. This study shows that the synthesised ZLH-LP intercalation compound can be used for the formation of a new generation of materials for targeted drug release with controlled release properties.

Observation and Analysis of Water Transport through Graphene Oxide Interlamination

Water transport inside graphene-based materials has drawn much attention nowadays because of its promising potential in ions filtration applications. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated the mechanism of water transport inside the interlayer gallery between graphene oxide layers. The model of slipped-Poiseuille flow was cited to depict the characteristic transport of interlayer flow. This significant flow rate was related to slip velocity of water, which is constrained by hydrogen interactions between water molecules and hydroxyl groups. We find that hydrogen-bond networks are correlated with both functionalization and nanoconfinement. MD simulation results show that the slip velocity is negatively correlated with oxide concentration while independent of the array of hydroxyl groups, and the volumetric flux is linearly dependent to the slip velocity. It reveals that graphene oxide layers could get better water permeability after reduction.

Preparation of zinc layered hydroxide–chloroacetate nanohybrid using direct reaction method

The intercalation of chloroacetic acid (CAA) into the interlayer gallery of zinc layered hydroxide has been achieved via a facile direct reaction method. The nanohybrid synthesised, zinc layered hydroxide-chloroacetate was characterised using Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (PXRD), which demonstrated the progressive evolution of the nanohybrid structure, as the CAA molarity were increased from 0.05 to 0.3 M. Sharp and symmetrical peaks of 0.3 M CAA were observed in the PXRD pattern. The emergence of intercalation peak, with basal spacing of 14.3 Å signifying the success intercalation of chloroacetate anions into the interlayer space of the host. The intercalation was also validated by FTIR spectroscopy and CHNS elemental analyser. The increased thermal stability of zinc layered hydroxide-chloroacetate nanohybrid was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis.