Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Research Articles

MAN Network Optimization Through EIGRP Dynamic Routing and DUAL Algorithm: A Study Using Cisco Packet Tracer

This research examines the optimization of the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) through the implementation of the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) using the Cisco Packet Tracer. The main goal is to improve the efficiency of routing and data management in MAN networks. This study involves designing a network topology with three routers, setting appropriate IP configurations, and implementing EIGRP and the DUAL algorithm. The results show significant improvements in routing efficiency and data management, confirming the importance of selecting appropriate routing protocols and network configurations for MAN network optimization. These findings contribute to network optimization practices, providing important insights for the development of more efficient urban communications infrastructure.

Optimizing OSPF Cost Value for Best Path Selection Using Metric-Type Variation

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a multi-vendor routing standard. Any routing protocol's goal is to discover the optimum path between source and destination addresses inside a computer network. Other routing protocols include Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), and IS-IS. which are also used in computer networking. Each routing protocol has different set of rules through which they calculate the best path selection. OSPF is often used with the combination of these routing protocol because of its flexible design. This research focuses on the implementation of OSPF network cost (metric) value for best path calculation using network simulation tool like GNS3 for getting correct outcome just like a real networking device working in a live production environment. This research would use the different combinations of OSPF cost calculation using metric-types for external routes learned from different routing protocols like RIP. Being able to accurately identify cost (metric) values obtain by testing for OSPF when used with other routing protocols, just like a real-world environment.

Perancangan Jaringan MAN Dengan Dyamic Routing EIGRP Dan Algoritma DUAL Menggunakan Cisco Packet Tracer

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a computer network that covers a geographical area larger than LAN (Local Area Network) but smaller than WAN (Wide Area Network). In the design of MAN networks is very important because it ensures the availability, reliability, and efficiency of routes to transmit data throughout the network. Therefore, the use of dynamic routing protocols such as the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIFRP) with the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) algorithm and simulated on Cisco packet tracer is the main concern in this study.

Preprocessing for segment routing optimization

AbstractIn this article we introduce a preprocessing technique to solve the Segment Routing Traffic Engineering Problem optimally using significantly fewer computational resources than previously introduced methods. Segment routing is a recently developed interior gateway routing protocol to be used on top of existing protocols that introduces more flexibility in traffic engineering. In practice, segment routing allows to deviate traffic from its original path by specifying a list of intermediate nodes or links, called segments, to visit before going to its destination. The issue we tackle in this article is that the number of segment paths scales exponentially with the maximum number of segments allowed leading to scalability issues in mathematical formulations. This article introduces the notion of dominated segment paths, these are paths that can be eliminated from the solution space when searching for an optimal solution. We propose a dynamic programming algorithm eliminating dominated paths for any number of segments. Numerical results show that respectively 50%, 90%, and 97% of paths are dominated when considering up to 2, 3, and 4 segments on benchmark network topologies.

Evaluating the Hybrid Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) on the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

The development of technology and communication is expanding rapidly. In this case, the internet has become a vital necessity in globalization. Technological innovations are required to create a seamless, fast, and secure communication system. This research aims to evaluate the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) implementation by applying the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology. This study adhered to several stages in the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) method. The results of the two technology combinations, EIGRP and MPLS, demonstrated MPLS network simulation testing in several dynamic routing systems: EIGRP and OSPF, identified through the Quality of Service (QoS) value. It revealed that the best performance was EIGRP with a throughput of 2152.5 bps, delay of 335.6 ms, and jitter of 411 ms. Furthermore, MPLS and EIGRP network redundancy was better applied in the mesh topology with a multi or backup link than in the linear topology with a single link.

Design and analysis of energy aware interior gateway routing algorithm with particle swarm optimization

SummaryIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the data must reach a processing node with less energy consumption and delay rate. However, with the specific consideration of the unique properties of sensor networks such as limited power, stringent bandwidth, dynamic topology due to node failures, adding/removing nodes, or even physical mobility, high network density and large‐scale deployments have posed many challenges in the design and management of sensor networks. These challenges have demanded energy awareness and robust protocol design. Efficient utilization of the sensor's energy resources and maximizing the network lifetime were the primary design considerations for the proposed work. As a result, the new interior gateway routing with particle swarm optimization (IGRPSO) is presented with minimal latency and a higher packet delivery ratio in WSN; optimum link weights are calculated in a fraction of the original data to the new protocol. Network entropy maximization is a conceptual framework that guides the development of the protocol and the computational techniques required to determine which traffic distributions are not only best but also realizable through link‐state routing. Therefore, a routing algorithm provides the optimal and economically optimal route. We used the MATLAB simulation environment to compare and contrast the performance of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol and enhanced interior gateway routing protocol, DSR protocol with particle swarm optimization with that of the IGRPSO protocol, which has the maximum packet delivery ratio of 75.74% and less packet drop of 25.37%, less energy consumption of 0.3674 J.

Performance analysis and evaluation of distance vector and link state routing protocols over a large area networks

Routing protocols are extremely important incredibly significant in data communication and computer networks. The high performance, reliability, stability, and security of the networks depend primarily on choosing the best type of dynamic routing protocol. In this paper, we evaluate and investigate the network performance for routing information protocol (RIP), enhanced interior gateway routing protocol (EIGRP), open shortest path first (OSPF), and intermediate system-to-intermediate system (IS-IS) routing protocols with three different scenarios of routes failure using the optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator to determine which of the protocols is the most appropriate and effective in achieving high network performance. The results show that for large area networks, the EIGRP routing protocol gives the best network performance when all network routers are working with no failing, but when some network routers were failing to work and path failure is happening, the IS-IS link-state routing protocol works efficiently and gives the best performance. The obtained results for IS-IS protocol when failing seven routers is as: the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) page response time is (247.8 msec), voice delay variation is (4.19 µsec) , video delay variation is (8.83 µsec) and ping request and response time is (115 msec).

A Comparative Study by Simulation of OSPF and EIGRP Routing Protocols

Computer networks are based on technology that provides the technical infrastructure where routing protocols are used to transmit packets over the Internet. Routing protocols define how routers communicate with each other by distributing information. They are used to describe how routers communicate with each other, learn available routes, build routing tables, make routing decisions, and share information between neighbors. The main purpose of routing protocols is to determine the best route from source to destination. A particular case of a routing protocol operating within an autonomous system is called an internal routing protocol (IGP – Interior Gateway Protocol). The article analyzes the problem of correctly choosing a routing protocol. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) are considered leading routing protocols for real-time applications. For this they are chosen to be studied. The main objective of the study is to compare the proposed routing protocols and to evaluate them based on different performance indicators. This assessment is carried out theoretically – by analyzing their characteristics and action, and practically – through simulation experiments. After the study of the literature, the simulation scenarios and quantitative indicators by which the performance of the protocols is compared are defined. First, a network model with OSPF is designed and simulated using the OPNET Modeler simulator. Second, EIGRP is implemented in the same network scenario and a new simulation is done. The implementation of the scenarios shall collect the necessary results and analyze the operation of the two protocols. The data shall be derived and an assessment and conclusion shall be made against the defined quantitative indicators.

Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Routing Protocol with Dynamic B/W using Cisco Packet Tracer 8.0

In this digital world, the transmission of data from source to destination is based on some routing protocol that chooses the best path between any two nodes. So, to compare Routing Protocols. We’ve Taken three typical types of routing protocols as the simulation model. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is the oldest among OSPF & EIGR routing protocols. OSPF (open shortest path first) is the most widely used protocol and is based on Shortest Path First (SPF) Algorithm. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that runs on the Diffusion Algorithm (DUAL). And to demonstrate this in a Specific Network Environment. Cisco packet Tracer 8.0 is used to study and analyze the effect of Bandwidth, Delay, Communication Mode, and configuration. Index Terms- IGP Routing Protocol, Networking, RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP, IPv4, Cisco Packet Tracer 8.0

Comparison in the Applicability of MPLS When Using Different Dynamic Routing Protocols

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology affects to the latency in an IP network when using different dynamic routing protocols. For the purposes of the study, a virtual IP network was created, in which was sequentially configured to work with Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). The studies were performed without configured and then with configured MPLS. Techniques, methods and tools used in the monitoring of IP networks were used during the study of the network.

Evaluation of OSPF and EIGRP Routing for Network

OSPF (Open shortest Path First) routing protocol is an advanced routing protocol which use link state routing and Dijkstra shortest path. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a progress interval transmitter routing protocol which is used in a computer network for automated routing decisions and configuration. Evaluation of these outcomes shows that OSPF routing is less efficient than EIGRP for real time applications. That’s why EGRIP is a greener router protocol. It perform the Project on dynamic routing in which I have briefly discussed. OSPF is an Open Normal Directing Procedure that can be used for a small organization as well as large multi-national companies. The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocols major use in today as Internet compute a shortest path tree (SPT) from every router to other routers in a routing place. This vast protocol uses Dijkstra Algorithm for operations that helps in finding the shortest path from foundation to destination. Comparative Experiments exhibit that the proposed algorithm can successfully better the network performance in form of energy consumption, delay, and packet delivery rate.

Web based Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) on cisco router 2811 using cisco's Application Programming Interface (API)

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a routing protocol that can be used to determine the path of data to be sent. EIGRP can achieve goals and study interconnected networks to obtain useful information to determine the best path. EIGRP is only adopted by Cisco routers or can be called a Cisco Proprietary Protocol, which can only be used on Cisco router devices. Currently, the EIGRP routing configuration uses the command line. For this reason, a Website-based EIGRP system was created and can be accessed remotely (remotely) with the aim of providing freedom of access and not focusing on one device. Website-based EIGRP system was created by utilizing Cisco's API as a liaison between the programming language and Cisco Router 2811 software. Telnet utilization plays a very important role in creating a Website-based EIGRP System where Telnet can provide wider access in management. By visiting the host and port of the router, the EIGRP Website Based System can easily do this. The results of the test in this study indicate that the Website-based EIGRP system is proven to be able to configure, so that administrators can use it for device management of Cisco Router 2811.

Network Automation using Ansible for EIGRP Network

Network automation has evolved into a solution that emphasizes efficiency in all areas. Furthermore, communication and computer networks rely on a platform that provides the necessary technological infrastructure for packet transfer through the Internet using routing protocols. The Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a hybrid routing protocol that combines the properties of both distance-vector and link-state routing methods. The traditional technique to configure EIGRP is inefficient and requires repeated processes compared to the network automation concept. Network automation helps to assist network administrators in automating and verifying the EIGRP configuration using scripting. This paper implemented network automation using Ansible to configure EIGRP routing and advanced configuration in the GNS3 environment. This study is focused on automated scripting to configure IP Addresses to the interfaces, EIGRP routing protocol, a default static route and advanced EIGRP configurations. Ansible ran the scripting on Network Automation Docker and pushed the configurations to the routers. The network automation docker communicated with other routers via SSH. In the testing phase, the running configuration between the traditional approach and automation scripting in the Ansible playbook was compared to verify EIGRP configurations' accuracy. The findings show that Ansible has successfully deployed the configuration to the routers with no errors. Ansible can help network administrators minimized human mistakes, reduce time-consuming and enable device visibility across the network environment. Implementing EIGRP authentication and hardening process can enhance the network security level for future study.

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN DENGAN PROTOKOL EIGRP DI UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA

In this journal, a new network is designed in the area of Udayana University, Bukit JimbaranCampus using Cisco Packet Tracer. The purpose of this design is to build a network that can improveefficiency in the process of exchanging data and information. The design uses one dynamic routing,namely Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). EIGRP was chosen because thisprotocol is the only protocol that has a backup system. In addition, the network that is designed alsouses a ring topology, with the consideration that the ring topology is the best topology for buildingnetworks with service areas in the form of rotations. Analysis of the designed network performancehas been carried out by sending PING with several scenarios to obtain packet loss, throughput, anddelay parameter values. Based on the research results obtained the same packet loss parametervalue for each case that is 0%, the average value of throughput is 4,398 bps, and the average delayvalue is 10.125 ms. The three results of each of these parameters meet the requirements of theTIPHON in the excellent category and have a class 4 index.

Configure and Monitor the Networking using EIGRP Protocol

In this modern internet generation, routing protocol plays an important role. The Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced protocol for distance-vector routing used on a computer network to simplify routing and configuration decisions. Data packets are transmitted from router to router via internet networks before they reach their destination device on the Internet. The main objective of this paper is to configure and monitor the network by the provider. The protocol implemented, EIGRP is analyzed using the GNS3 software. In GNS3 software, the setup that includes routers and hosts is simulated to display a network that consists of three areas. It analyzed the ping test, display neighbours and topology table, and the number packet received and sent. As a result, the simulated protocol, EIGRP show acceptable performance with hellos sent/received packets are 3544/1766, 144/143 and 6383/2107 of a router; R1, R2, and R3 respectively. In conclusion, EIGRP is the best in routing protocol and it provides excellent internetworking.

Analysis and Simulation of IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol

In this modern technology where the growth of the network is increasing rapidly. This paper covers the analysis of different routing protocols, it specifies and identifies that how routers communicate with each other by sharing data also provides the infrastructural view of a network, where routing protocols are used to transmit data packets over wired and wireless networks. There are multiple ways to design routing protocols depend on IPv4 and IPv6 version being widely used as follow RIP (Routing information protocol), IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) [1]. In this paper, we are analyzed and simulate wired/wireless topological area network simulation using routing protocols. Analysis, simulation, and configuration of this different routing protocol are done by using the CISCO packet tracer.

Network Performance Optimization using Dynamic Enhanced Interior Routing Protocols Gateway Routing Protocol for IPv6 (EIGRPv6) and IPv6 Access Control List

Internet network needs are increasingly rapid in supporting current business needs. This goes hand in hand with requests for IP Address allocations for companies to measure information and business needs. The increasing demand for current IP Address allocation, the fewer the number of IP Addresses available. To fulfill the demand from the use of IP Address, Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) or internet protocol was adopted as the next-generation Internet technology. Exchange of IP Address in computer network cannot be separated from the existence of routing protocol. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) also developed with the use of IPv6 to EIGRP for IPv6 (EIGRPv6). The EIGRPv6 routing concept is designed so well that it is capable of handling table routing that is very large and more efficient than the previous EIGRP. In large-scale computer networks must use good security. One method of network security is the Access Control List (ACL) capable of supporting the performance of IPv6. The application of ACL in this study is able to filter the access of network users by using IPv6 Extended ACL. Based on the results of EIGRPv6 network testing, the average packet delivery time is 7.6ms. And the application of IPv6 ACL is able to limit access to Web Servers, ICMP and FTP Servers properly.

Quality of Service EIGRP Routing Protocol on Campus Area Network

Quality of Service (QoS) is a method of measurement used to determine the capacity of a network to perform services. One of the QoS implementations is to manage the performance of routing protocol. The routing protocol is a method used to connect one router to another, to convey information correctly and to provide a guaranteed service. This study discusses the QoS of the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) applied to campus area network. EIGRP is a routing protocol which only available on Cisco routers and often refers to the proprietary protocol on Cisco. EIGRP can only be applied by Cisco routers and their fellow. Campus area network is an interconnection of computer networks within the campus area. Data exchange on campus network should be undertaken quickly and precisely to facilitate campus operations. The method used in this study was Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) which consisted of several phases, namely analysis, design, simulation prototyping, implementation, monitoring, and management. The results of this study provided QoS with a throughput value of 77 bps, 0.53 percent of the packet loss value, 1.89 ms of latency, and 1.87 ms of jitter value. This indicates that the EIGRP routing protocol has a strong QoS value to be applied to campus area networks.

Routers Perspective Simulation-Based Analysis of EIGRP and OSPF Routing Protocol for an Organizational Model

Routing protocol bears the responsibility of maintaining standards which provide means for routers to establish and sustain proper communication among themselves as well as direct the packets towards the best traveling route present between an end node and a basis. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) are the highly valuable protocols in the computer networking field. Keep in view the implementation of routing protocols (RP); architectural differences lie between both of these protocols. Still, both of them do not have the same delays in processing regarding finding the best route, adaptability, and ability to achieve convergence. The author carried out studies via simulations in OPNET for estimating the performance of OSPF and EIGRP protocols and have drawn comparisons later on. Studies estimated the performance of OSPF and EIGRP by taking into consideration two network models. The 1ST model configured with OSPF, and the 2ND model is set-up with EIGRP. By sending and receiving traffic via the simulated network paradigm, the author estimated RPs based on quantitative metrics, including End-to-End delay, Packet dropped, Throughput, Processing delay, and CPU utilization. After gathering and studying the results, the author observed that EIGRP and OSPF both have different results. EIGRP has given better performance concerning some parameters, but on the other side, OSPF has shown better performance concerning some other parameters.

INTERIOR GATEWAY PROTOCOL ROUTING PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK BASED ON MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING AND DIRECT-LINK BACKUPSED ON MPLS AND DIRECT-LINK BACKUP

The stability and convergence time become an essential factor in network availability performance. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is one of the Virtual Private Network (VPN) technologies that can support the quality of communication media on the high-speed backbone network. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the proper protocol routing in espousing VPN technology based on MPLS supported by direct-link backup to improve network availability in the Data Center. The purpose of this study is comparing the convergence time and Quality of Service (QoS) among the three IGP protocols routing, namely Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) based on two autonomous system number using Ring topology design between Data Center and DRC. Network scenario is created using the Graphic Network Simulator (GNS3) application to measure convergence time and QoS parameters of the three protocols routing and the use of MPLS-TE and RR in enhancing MPLS backbone performance. The results revealed that QoS in the three protocols routing has a good quality level according to TIPHON’s standard with the number of indexes up to 3.25 (Good). On the other hand, the fastest convergence time when interruption on the main link (VPN) is EIGRP with convergence time for about 15 seconds.