Interfaith Dialogue Research Articles

<i>Fiqh al-azma:</i> Crisis Management of Theological Discourse in Syria

In the context of the ongoing civil war in Syria, the official Muslim clergy of the country, represented by the Ministry of Waqf Affairs, has developed a number of theological and legal resolutions on the most pressing issues, united by the common names Fiqh al-Azma (“crisis theology”). They pay special attention to the issues of criticism of takfirism, non-denominationalism, nationalism, explaining the meaning of jihād, the prohibition of riots and revolutions, the religious legitimacy of the national state, interreligious and interfaith dialogue and collaboration within one country, the differentiation of the concepts of Islamic politics and political Islam. This study analyzes the sources and methodology of constructing this theological concept, which, according to the developers themselves, is an example of a moderate renewal (tajdīd) of Islamic theological discourse, the main purpose of which is to confront Fiqh al-Fitnah “theology of turmoil” preached by various extremist groups. The paper also examines an example of one of the most original studies — on the principles of citizenship (muwāṭana) according to Islam, which largely incorporates the main features of the entire concept of Syrian crisis theology.

The coexistence of halal food products in non-Muslim communities: visiting Kupang cases, Indonesia

PurposeThis study aims to revisit the practice of multiculturalism within the co-existence of halal food products in non-Muslim communities in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through observations, interviews and documentation using a case study approach.FindingsThe important findings in the existing study indicate that social practice related to the acceptance and expression of non-Muslim communities towards halal products and certificates is integrated into the daily life of the people. It has contrasted with other regions in Indonesia where debates between cultural and structural aspects of halal product studies and certification prevail, often dominated by ego-sectoral interests and Islamic theology. Although Kupang’s predominantly non-Muslim population, the practice and model of halal products emerge with uniqueness within communal traditions and socio-cultural practices take precedence over structural factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe most significant contribution of this research lies in mutual understanding, interfaith dialogue and religiosity that have fused into social life, specially building social coexistence in halal products.Practical implicationsThese findings contribute to policymakers to reformulate halal certification and products, which are not solely driven by the interests of the Muslim community.Originality/valueThis study presents a new synthetic theory about halal products, confirming a case study in Kupang where non-Muslim communities accepted halal products as a reflection of cultural and local customs. This acceptance has led to the development of a new identity without contradictions among business interests, ideologies, sectoral aspects, hygiene, health and structural state movements.

Examining Islamism, Peacebuilding, and Interfaith Dialogue in Papua, Indonesia

This article describes and analyses a complex relationship between Islamisation, peacebuilding, and interfaith dialogue in Papua. Before the presence of transnational Islam, the relationship between Muslims and Christians was in harmony, and they lived peacefully. However, such radical transnational Islamic groups have created tensions and conflict between these two religions as well as intra-religious frictions among Islamic groups. Furthermore, tensions among different religions have provided another nuance to the long-running separatism-flavoured conflict in Papua. This paper will describe the presence of transnational groups that promote Islamism and how the religious leaders in Papua, through Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama or FKUB [the Religious Forum for Tolerance], reduce religious conflicts by making Deklarasi Papua Tanah Damai [Papua Land of Peace Declaration]. Furthermore, it explicates the framework of interfaith dialogue and how it is practised to maintain communal harmony in Papua. However, the interfaith dialogue is still used traditionally in Papua and has yet to resolve the root cause of the existing religious conflicts. Keywords: Islamisation, Communal Conflict, Transnational Islam, Peacebuilding, Interfaith Dialogue

The Thudong Bhikkhu Pilgrimage

Thousands of kilometres travelled by 32 thudong monks from Thailand to Indonesia was not only a spiritual moment for the participants but also a historical event in Indonesian interfaith relations. Given the abundance of enthusiasm, this article aims to explain the purity of interfaith harmony created by local communities and Thai monks, who also contributed to promoting interfaith dialogue discourse among grassroots communities. By delving into the internet, a netnography approach is used to get a deeper and broader understanding of the events by comparing one digital document with another. In the interfaith encounters along the pilgrimage highway, both parties exhibited reciprocal behaviours of shared feelings and kindness that encouraged them to complete the ritual mission together. They were able to dismantle the religious barriers that frequently impede harmonious interfaith relations as a result of warm acceptance, hospitable interactions, and engaging dialogue onsite and via social media.

Dynamics of Multiculturalism and Religious Pluralism: Strategies for Building Social Cohesion in Indonesia

This study explores the intricate relationship between religion and multiculturalism in Indonesia, a nation marked by its rich cultural diversity and complex religious dynamics. The research aims to examine how these factors contribute to societal harmony or conflict. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study conducts a literature analysis, drawing from a wide range of scholarly sources on religion, multiculturalism, and interfaith harmony in the Indonesian context. The findings indicate that while multiculturalism and religious pluralism offer frameworks for coexistence, challenges persist due to historical tensions and socio-political factors. The analysis highlights the role of perception in conflict dynamics, emphasizing that differences in communication styles, ethical norms, and religious beliefs can escalate tensions. Conversely, effective interfaith dialogue and inclusive policies can promote harmony. The study concludes that fostering a deeper understanding of multiculturalism and an inclusive approach to religion is crucial for reducing conflicts and enhancing societal cohesion. Addressing underlying socio-economic and political factors is essential for sustainable peace and unity in Indonesia.

The Role of Theological Librarians in Fostering Interfaith Dialogue in Nigeria

The paper examines how theological librarians can promote interfaith understanding in Nigeria. The paper opens by outlining the accomplishments and difficulties of the interfaith conversation that is now taking place in Nigeria. The following section of the essay examines how theological librarianship might aid interfaith dialogue projects. In the study, interfaith discourse is effectively encouraged via case studies of theological libraries in Nigeria, and the tactics employed by these libraries are discussed. The presentation concludes by discussing the difficulties theological librarians in Nigeria confront in encouraging interfaith discourse and offering suggestions for how to address these difficulties. This paper's conclusions will be valuable to theological librarians in Nigeria and other religiously diverse nations. The study will also add to the body of knowledge about interfaith dialogue and the role of libraries in promoting social justice.

Review of Libraries Serving Dialogue

Libraries Serving Dialogue, edited by Odile Dupont on behalf of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), is a book volume with multiple authors who provide documentation of and personal experiences with projects that grapple with interfaith dialogue and interreligious connections. Information stewards who work with theological and religious materials, initiatives, and conversations and who are interested in learning from their international peers may benefit from this resource. While a language barrier presented in some chapters may hinder a reader’s ability in fully engaging with the text, the book contributes a necessary perspective in encouraging librarians to bring diverse patrons together through the lens of religion in working towards a peaceful and thriving society.

From Fear to Understanding: Millennials’ Perceptions of Islam in Contemporary Society as a Basis for Interfaith Dialogue and Cooperation

This study aimed to describe the millennials' perception of Islam in contemporary society as a basis for interfaith dialogue and cooperation. A descriptive research method was utilized. Respondents were selected using stratified probability sampling. A total of 255 were used primarily as the respondents of this study. The data gathered were analyzed using the SPSS software V21x64. The statistical methods used were frequency and percentage counts, standard deviation, mean, and the grand mean. The respondents’ demographic profile relative to age, the 25-28 age group had more respondents than other age groups. As to sex, females dominated the number of respondents. In terms of tribe, most respondents are Cebuano. Regarding religious affiliation, Roman Catholics have a significant number of respondents and in educational attainment, most of the respondents are high school graduates. Millennials with a moderately high perception of Islam view the religious practices of Islam in a positive light. They may appreciate the emphasis on prayer, fasting, and charity as acts of devotion. Regarding cultural aspects of Islam, millennials with moderately high perceptions may appreciate the rich history and traditions associated with Islamic culture. Relative to governance, millennials with moderately high perceptions may acknowledge the influence of Islamic principles in shaping societies governed by law. They may recognize the importance of justice, fairness, and social welfare in Islamic governance systems and appreciate the emphasis on community and public welfare. Millennials with a moderately high perception of Islam will likely have a positive view of it, appreciating its religious practices, cultural contributions, and governance principles. They may also be open to learning more about Islam and engaging in interfaith dialogue and cooperation with practitioners of different religions.

Ethnic Dynamics in Northern Senatorial Zone, Taraba State, Nigeria: An Inter-Group Perspective

This paper, titled "Inter-Group Relations and Peace in the Northern Senatorial Zone, Taraba State, Nigeria: A Study of Ethnic Dynamics," explores the relationships among diverse ethnic groups in Taraba State's Northern Senatorial Zone. Utilizing qualitative methods, particularly a narrative research design, the study delves into the dynamics of coexistence and tensions among ethnic groups, with a focus on indigenous communities such as the Fulbe, Hausa, Jenjo, Mumye, Wurkun, and others. Data collection involved interviews, participatory observations, and contextual analysis of documentary sources.The findings underscore the rich cultural diversity of Taraba State, where Traditional religions, Islam, and Christianity coexist within localities, deeply rooted in family identities. Historical connections among ethnic groups, characterized by peaceful coexistence, have been disrupted since the creation of Taraba State, leading to ethno-religious conflicts influenced by factors such as ethnic superiority, religious sentiments, and economic disparities. Challenges identified encompass disunity, power struggles, ethnic identity concerns, and unfavorable government policies, revealing the intricate nature of inter-group relations in the zone. Addressing these challenges necessitates collaborative efforts involving traditional, political, governmental, non-governmental, and religious entities. Recommendations to foster lasting harmony include increasing awareness and education, establishing dialogue platforms, promoting interfaith dialogue, empowering local communities, enhancing security measures, collaborating with NGOs, and conducting media sensitization campaigns to encourage responsible reporting and unity among diverse communities.

The “Prairie Saints” and the “Mountain Saints” Enter the Interfaith Dialogue Movement

The “Prairie Saints” and the “Mountain Saints” Enter the Interfaith Dialogue Movement

Interpreting the Elements of Halal Tayyiban into Regional Development: The Case of the Siak Regency

This paper examines the integration of Halalan Tayyiban principles within the sustainable development policies of Siak Regency, Indonesia. The regency was recognized as a "Green Regency" in 2016 for its environmental initiatives. It explores the alignment of these Islamic ethical teachings with Siak's jurisdictional approach to achieving socio-economic and environmental sustainability. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis of secondary data. The discussion highlights the potential of incorporating Halalan Tayyiban to strengthen environmental sustainability, promote social equity, and enhance economic development. The discussion also acknowledges the challenges such as regulatory complexity and cultural sensitivities. Recommendations include streamlining regulatory processes, fostering interfaith dialogue, leveraging market differentiation, and investing in community education. Future research directions are proposed to quantify the impact of Halalan Tayyiban principles on sustainability outcomes and explore the scalability of Siak's model. The study contributes to the topic of enhancement regarding sustainable development within Islamic ethics and offers insights for regions seeking to integrate traditional wisdom with modern governance.

Exploring the Impact of Buddhist Tourism and Pilgrimage on Cultural Exchange and Understanding: An Empirical Analysis

Buddhist tourism and pilgrimage are integral aspects of cultural and spiritual exploration, serving as bridges that connect individuals, communities, and nations. This empirical study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating surveys, interviews, and observational data, to investigate the profound impact of these journeys on promoting Buddhist understanding and facilitating cultural exchange. Through the analysis of participant experiences across diverse destinations, our study unveils the transformative nature of Buddhist tourism and pilgrimage. Participants reported significant personal growth and spiritual enrichment, indicating that these journeys serve as catalysts for deepening individual spirituality. Furthermore, our findings highlight the pivotal role of these experiences in fostering cross-cultural dialogue and promoting mutual respect among diverse communities. Participants described meaningful interactions with individuals from unfamiliar cultural backgrounds, leading to a greater appreciation and understanding of cultural diversity. Moreover, Buddhist tourism and pilgrimage emerge as platforms for fostering global harmony and enlightenment. By facilitating encounters between people of various beliefs and backgrounds, these journeys contribute to the promotion of peace and understanding on a broader scale. Participants reported a heightened sense of interconnectedness with humanity and a renewed commitment to promoting compassion and tolerance in their communities. The implications of our findings extend beyond individual experiences to encompass broader societal benefits. Effective tourism management practices can leverage the transformative potential of Buddhist tourism and pilgrimage to promote sustainable development and cultural preservation in destination regions. Furthermore, our study underscores the importance of fostering interfaith dialogue and cooperation as essential components of global peace-building efforts. Buddhist tourism and pilgrimage play vital roles in promoting cultural exchange, fostering understanding, and contributing to global harmony. By recognizing and harnessing the transformative power of these journeys, stakeholders can cultivate a more interconnected and compassionate world, grounded in mutual respect and appreciation for cultural diversity.

Unraveling the Neo-Sûfī Paradigm: An Analysis of Dr. Fazlûr Raḥmān's Theoretical Insights and Concepts

This research focuses on Dr. Fazlûr Raḥmān's Neo-Sûfī paradigm, a contemporary departure from traditional perspectives on Sûfīsm aimed at addressing global challenges. The study traces Raḥmān's academic journey from British India, highlighting his influential work advocating for a reevaluation of conventional Islāmic thought in the face of technological advancements and cultural shifts. Through an extensive literature review, the research contextualises the historical development of Sûfīsm, scrutinises traditional views, and assesses modern challenges to Sûfī thought, offering a critical examination of Raḥmān's contributions, particularly the Neo-Sûfī paradigm. The study's theoretical framework is grounded in Raḥmān's innovative approach deeply rooted in Islāmic philosophy and theology. Raḥmān reimagines traditional Sûfī concepts to address contemporary challenges while preserving ties to Islāmic heritage. Drawing insights from scholars like William C. Chittick and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, the research employs an interdisciplinary methodology based on primary sources to analyse the Neo-Sûfī paradigm comprehensively. It aims to position Raḥmān's ideas within the broader context of Islāmic thought, enriching the understanding of the intricate relationship between Sûfīsm, tradition, and modernity. Exploring the evolution of Sûfīsm within the Neo-Sûfī paradigm, the research underscores its adaptability to contemporary challenges, spiritual dimensions, and contributions to social cohesion. It investigates how Raḥmān reconciles tradition and modernity, assessing the compatibility of Sûfī thought with contemporary philosophical currents. The study discusses the implications of the Neo-Sûfī paradigm, including its role in interfaith dialogue, contributions to contemporary Islāmic thought, and policy recommendations. Despite acknowledging limitations, the research concludes that Dr. Fazlûr Raḥmān's Neo-Sûfī paradigm provides a dynamic response to modern challenges, harmoniously integrating tradition and modernity. Its implications extend beyond individual spiritual practice to interfaith dialogue, societal cohesion, and policy recommendations, presenting Raḥmān's paradigm as a valuable source of wisdom in navigating contemporary complexities within the ongoing discourse on Islāmic thought.

An Examination of the Intricacies and Potentialities of Interreligious and Interfaith Matrimonial Unions in Modern Times

This study looks at the challenges and benefits of interreligious and interfaith marriages. It looks at how different beliefs, values, and practices affect personal relationships and the way a family works. Using a qualitative research approach, we conducted in-depth investigations and research on interreligious and interfaith marriages to gain insight into the various measurements in different countries and religions. Interfaith marriage is prohibited in many religions, but in the present it is normal. Especially in Christianity, interfaith marriage is popular at differing ages, like before 25, 26–35, and 36–45, with a percentage of 48, 58, and 67. Our findings suggest that while these marriages can be challenging, they also offer opportunities for personal growth, greater understanding of different religious traditions, and the promotion of interfaith dialogue and cooperation.

Exploring the Process of Adaptation and Integration of Islam in European Societies and Its Impact on Cultural Exchange and Coexistence

This study investigates the multifaceted process of adaptation and integration of Muslim communities within European societies, analyzing its implications for cultural exchange and coexistence. Through a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative interviews, ethnographic observations, and quantitative data analysis, the paper offers a comprehensive examination of the interactions between Muslim populations and their host societies in France, Germany, and Sweden. It highlights the significance of shared cultural practices, interfaith dialogues, and community initiatives as pivotal mechanisms for fostering mutual understanding and respect. The research uncovers the dual nature of integration, marked by both challenges—stemming from socio-political tensions and legislative barriers—and opportunities, as evidenced by successful integration stories and the enriching impact of cultural diversity on European identity. The study critically assesses the role of policy and legislation in shaping the lived experiences of Muslim communities, advocating for inclusive strategies that recognize and accommodate diversity. This work contributes to the broader discourse on multiculturalism, offering insights into the dynamic interplay between cultural preservation and societal integration, and underscores the need for continued exploration into the complexities of coexistence in contemporary European contexts.

Rethinking Intellectual Ecumenism in Interfaith Debates on God's Existence: From Avicenna's Salvation and Maimonides's Guide to Aquinas's De Ente

precis: Scholars have long contended that Aquinas managed to escape the devastating critique launched by Averroes against the being/essence distinction by reimagining being/essence according to an analogy of act/potency rather than Avicenna's model of accident/substance. This essay complicates the scholarly consensus that Aquinas defined his metaphysical thought on being and essence against the philosophy of Averroes and instead argues that Aquinas's De Ente et Essentia can be seen as modeling interfaith dialogue, intellectual ecumenicism, and hybridity. Aquinas developed his thought through interlocution and philosophical interchange rather than opposition, a process that emphasized openness rather than alterity. After showing through the source material that Aquinas would not even have had access to Averroes's critique, I offer a reexamination of the historical development of Aquinas's reimagining of being/essence as act/potency and argue that Aquinas developed his thought not in opposition to Averroes's Long Commentary of the Metaphysics but, rather, in dialogue with Maimonides.

Reducing Discordant Religious Relationships: Ahmadiyya Case in Indonesia

The Ahmadiyya have been labeled as a controversial religious group by the majority of Indonesians. Its inclusion as a component of religious diversity is regarded as a trumping-up divergence. This research aims to analyze the reasons for hostility toward the Ahmadiyya through a review journal, historical storytelling, and exposure to empirical facts, and to provide recommendations for reducing discord and improving relations between different religious groups. The article investigates the role of state law, religious authority, and civil society in shaping attitudes toward Ahmadiyya Muslims, as well as strategies for promoting interfaith dialogue and tolerance. Overall, the article argues that it is critical to promote mutual respect and understanding among religious communities in order to reduce conflict and promote social harmony in Indonesia.

DINAMIKA DALAM PRAKTIK PERNIKAHAN: TAWARAN UNTUK MENGURANGI PREVALENSI POLIGAMI DI ERA KONTEMPORER

This research addresses the complex debate regarding the practice of polygamy, which is a hot and controversial topic in various social, religious, legal, and personal contexts around the world. This research focuses on the history, relevance, and solutions of polygamy practices in the contemporary era. This study, conducted through qualitative research, details the history of polygamous practices from historical, cultural, and religious perspectives. The research questions raised include aspects of how the practice of polygamy developed, whether it is considered a necessity or a lifestyle in the contemporary era, and how solutions can be applied to overcome the negative impacts of the practice. The results show that the practice of polygamy has a long and complex history relating to historical, cultural, and religious factors. In the contemporary era, polygamy is still debated with a multifaceted approach. The research proposes solutions involving public education on gender equality and human rights, strengthening laws and policies that support monogamy, promoting intercultural and interfaith dialogue, women's economic empowerment, and developing socialisation programmes. Psychological support, public policies in favour of monogamous families, and the building of community support networks are also considered important in curbing the practice of polygamy. This research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of polygamous practices by combining historical analyses, contemporary studies, and relevant solutions. The results reflect the complexity of interactions between religion, culture, law, and individual choice in the contexts where polygamy is practised. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of polygamy not only rely on enforcing social norms but also involve building solid foundations for healthy and egalitarian relationships and families in the contemporary era.

Religion and poverty alleviation in South Africa

South Africa, like all nations, faces several societal ills. In recent years, poverty has seen an increase in its prevalence rates – gaining attention from local, national, and international institutions. Poverty as a global phenomenon has existed for centuries and is predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Amid this gloomy prediction, religion offers a beacon of hope. Religious communities provide a sense of comfort, security, and hope for a better future. However, they are also institutions capable of great social change and influence. Considering South Africa’s diverse and large religious community, the question of how religious communities can support poverty alleviation efforts and curb the growth of poverty becomes important, necessary, and relevant to the existing discourse on multilateral collaboration towards poverty alleviation.Contribution: This article contributes to understanding different religious views on poverty towards understanding the importance of the religious community and interfaith dialogue and collaboration in addressing the growth of poverty in South Africa.

Reading Carefully Augustine’s De Magistro

ABSTRACT There are surely few writers who have had a more profound impact on European culture, and in the broadest range of fields, than St. Augustine, and this despite the fact that he was North African. Nonetheless, while Augustine is still called upon in debates on interfaith dialogue and in theological and philosophical disputes, one area of his large corpus has received scant attention—his philosophy of education. Although there are references throughout Augustine’s writings to his philosophy of education, he devotes only a single text to its elaboration—De Magistro—On the Teacher. The fact that this work has been largely overlooked by scholars is disappointing, because the De Magistro, despite its use of theological language, retains a very modern and contemporary thematic with interesting insights for any contemporary theory of education. In this article we provide a primer in reading Augustine’s De Magistro.