Interfacial Stabilities Research Articles

Demulsification of stable seawater/Arabian heavy crude oil emulsions using star-like tricationic pyridinium ionic liquids

Green oil-field chemicals based on ionic liquids (ILs) are highly recommended as demulsifiers for heavy crude oil emulsions due to their low vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical stability against degradation in harsh processing conditions. Novel multifunctional tricationic pyridinium ionic liquids (TCPyILs) were synthesized by the reaction of cyanuric chloride with tetraethylene glycol followed by its linking with quaternized aminopyridinium bromide using Bis(chloroethyl) ether as a linker. The chemical structures, surface and interfacial activities and thermal stabilities of the prepared pyridinium ILs were investigated. The amphiphilicity, surface and interfacial activity of the prepared TCPyILs recommended their application as chemical additives in petroleum industry. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to apply TCPyILs as demulsifiers for W/O emulsions with high stability and low droplet size (around 2 μm). Comparing with traditional monocationic pyridinium ILs, the prepared TCPyILs had higher efficiencies to demulsify W/O emulsions with different Vol %. The effects of alkyl chain lengths, demulsifier doses and RSN values on the demulsification activities were studied. The results indicated that TCPyILs with nonyl and tetradecyl alkyl chains had better and higher demulsification efficiency comparing with those containing hexadecyl alkyl chains. The demulsification efficiencies of TNPy and TTPy ILs for W/O (50/50, 30/70 and 10/90 vol%) reached 100% even at low concentrations.

ProtCHOIR: a tool for proteome-scale generation of homo-oligomers.

The rapid developments in gene sequencing technologies achieved in the recent decades, along with the expansion of knowledge on the three-dimensional structures of proteins, have enabled the construction of proteome-scale databases of protein models such as the Genome3D and ModBase. Nevertheless, although gene products are usually expressed as individual polypeptide chains, most biological processes are associated with either transient or stable oligomerisation. In the PDB databank, for example, ~40% of the deposited structures contain at least one homo-oligomeric interface. Unfortunately, databases of protein models are generally devoid of multimeric structures. To tackle this particular issue, we have developed ProtCHOIR, a tool that is able to generate homo-oligomeric structures in an automated fashion, providing detailed information for the input protein and output complex. ProtCHOIR requires input of either a sequence or a protomeric structure that is queried against a pre-constructed local database of homo-oligomeric structures, then extensively analyzed using well-established tools such as PSI-Blast, MAFFT, PISA and Molprobity. Finally, MODELLER is employed to achieve the construction of the homo-oligomers. The output complex is thoroughly analyzed taking into account its stereochemical quality, interfacial stabilities, hydrophobicity and conservation profile. All these data are then summarized in a user-friendly HTML report that can be saved or printed as a PDF file. The software is easily parallelizable and also outputs a comma-separated file with summary statistics that can straightforwardly be concatenated as a spreadsheet-like document for large-scale data analyses. As a proof-of-concept, we built oligomeric models for the Mabellini Mycobacterium abscessus structural proteome database. ProtCHOIR can be run as a web-service and the code can be obtained free-of-charge at http://lmdm.biof.ufrj.br/protchoir.

Chemically-confined mesoporous γ-Fe2O3 nanospheres with Ti3C2Tx MXene via alkali treatment for enhanced lithium storage

Developing Fe2O3-based anode materials with high electrical conductivity and structure stability is crucial for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we design a MXene-confined mesoporous γ-Fe2O3 nanosphere architecture via the in-situ formation of hydrogen bonds under alkali treatment. The mesoporous γ-Fe2O3 nanosphere consisting of nanocrystalline subunits is wrapped by Ti3C2Tx MXene, which acting as the shield can effectively mitigate the volume change of γ-Fe2O3 nanosphere and guarantee a fast electron flow. The distinctive porous structure of as-prepared γ-Fe2O3@Ti3C2Tx electrode can provide a large electrode-electrolyte interface and accessibility of active sites to accelerate the electrochemical activity. With the assistance of hydrogen bonds, the structural and interfacial stabilities of γ-Fe2O3@Ti3C2Tx can be obviously enhanced, leading to a connected conductive-network to facilitate the diffusion kinetics and cycle stability. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) analysis further confirms the Li+ diffusion coefficient (DGITT) of γ-Fe2O3@Ti3C2Tx composite by alkali treatment are improved. As a consequence, the obtained γ-Fe2O3@Ti3C2Tx anode for LIBs delivers an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1060 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 400 cycles and an excellent long-term stability without obvious capacity loss (466 mA h g−1 after 800 cycles at 2 A g−1).

Enhanced Electrochemical Stability of Sulfide‐Based LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 All‐Solid‐State Batteries by Ti Surface Doping

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using inorganic superionic conductors are considered a safer alternative to the current lithium ion battery technology. And tackling the issue of interfacial stability between the solid‐state electrolyte and electrode active material is a critical step to achieving sustainable ASSBs. In this work, we applied a TiO2 surface coating on LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) particles through a dry‐coating process, and subsequently heat‐treated the TiO2‐coated materials. We systematically characterized the changes to the material after the coating and heating processes, and we explored the role of TiO2 coating and heat‐treatment on the electrochemical cycling of NMC811 in a sulfide‐based ASSB. The coating and heat treatment resulted in Ti doped into the NMC811 surface, which reduced undesired side reactions and improved cycling stability. Capacity retention of the doped material was 55 % at 50 cycles, versus 11 % in the un‐doped material. The observations in this study provide an alternative approach toward enhancing the interfacial stabilities between high‐energy NMC materials and sulfide‐based solid‐state electrolyte.

(Invited) Investigations on Sulfide Solid-Electrolyte Cathode Interfaces

Advances in solid electrolytes (SEs) with superionic conductivity and stabilized electrode-electrolyte interfaces are key enablers for all solid-state batteries (SSBs) to meet the energy density and cost targets for next generation batteries for electric vehicles. Compared to their ceramic counterparts, sulfide- and thiophosphate-based electrolytes offer several key advantages, including (i) exceptionally high ionic conductivities up to 10-2 S/cm (comparable to non-aqueous liquid electrolytes) as reported for Li10GeP2S12 and Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3, (ii) availability of low temperature and inexpensive synthesis routes to produce glass, glass-ceramic, and crystalline structures, and (iii) soft mechanical properties, which facilitates material processing. Among the drawbacks, sulfides have a narrow electrochemical window, hence limited electrochemical stability against Li-metal and cathodes and poor chemical stability including high sensitivity to moisture. Despite an intrinsic narrow thermodynamic range, most SEs rely on kinetic stability based on slow growth of the interfacial layer that has reasonable ionic conductivity and very low electronic conductivity. In addition to the thermodynamical instability, significant mechanical stresses develop in SE due to (i) volume changes of the electrode material during repeated lithiation (delithiation) and (ii) interface roughening from side reactions upon extended cycling. This effect often termed as “chemo-mechanical effect” results in poor interfacial contact between the SE and cathode. The talk will highlight a few material based approaches towards addressing the interfacial stabilities (as mentioned above) between Li3PS4 SE and lithium-ion cathodes such as NMC. The area specific resistance (ASR) between SE-Cathode interfaces were optimized by coating cathode particles, varying stack pressure and doping the SE compositions.Acknowledgment - This research was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and is supported by Asst. Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) through the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program

Study of electrical and electrochemical properties of P(VdF-HFP)-MMT based nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes for application in energy storage devices

The present study reports synthesis and analysis of different characteristics of montmorillonite (MMT) clay loaded nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes (NCGPEs) based on poly (vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) [(P(VdF-HFP)] as host matrix and LiPF6 as salt. AC impedance analysis shows that the ionic conductivity of NCGPEs increases first with the increase of clay content and attains a maximum value of 9 X10-3 Scm−1 at 5 wt% of clay content, and then it decreases. TEM result shows a clear intercalation of polymer into the galleries of MMT clay. The variation of pore size in NCGPEs upon addition of MMT has been studied by SEM. XRD patterns show that MMT clay reduce the crystallinity of NCGPEs. The interaction among the various components of NCGPEs and its effect on ionic conductivity has been studied by FTIR. The interfacial and electrochemical stabilities are also found to be enhanced upon the addition of clay in P(VdF-HFP) matrix.

Anisotropy of interface characteristics between NiCoCrAlY coating and a hot corrosion resistant Ni-Based single crystal superalloy during thermal exposure at different temperatures

Effects of crystal orientations and service temperatures on microstructural evolution of a coated hot corrosion resistant Ni-Based single-crystal superalloy containing carbon were investigated. γ′ grains nucleated at the interdiffusion zone (IDZ) and secondary reaction zone (SRZ) with formation of M23C6 and σ phases during thermal exposure at 900 °C. But for specimens exposed at 1000 °C, γ grains nucleated at the IDZ with precipitation of secondary MC carbides and many needle-like σ phases precipitated at the substrate-diffusion zone (SDZ). The interfacial microstructure stabilities exhibited opposite anisotropy during the thermal exposure at 900 °C and 1000 °C.

Effect of silica nanofiber dispersion on electrochemical properties of cellulose acetate composite gel electrolytes

In this article, a novel cellulose acetate (CA) based nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes have been successfully synthesized with SiO2 nanofibers using hot press method. SEM image shows that the synthesized nanofibers exhibit diameter in the range from 40 nm to 60 nm. The impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals a maximum ionic conductivity of 8 × 10−4 Scm−1 with 5 wt% of nanofibers at room temperature. An enhancement of ionic conductivity is attributed to the reinforcement nanofibers, which provides a longer path for Li+ ions to conduct in the polymer matrix. A detail study of FTIR and XRD show that addition of nanofibers actually help to generate more Li+ ions in the polymer matrix, which results in increase of ionic conductivity. The interfacial and electrochemical stabilities have also been found to be better after reinforcement of SiO2 nanofibers.

Enhancing interfacial stability in solid-state lithium batteries with polymer/garnet solid electrolyte and composite cathode framework

The solid-state lithium battery is considered as an ideal next-generation energy storage device owing to its high safety, high energy density and low cost. However, the poor ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte and low interfacial stability has hindered the application of solid-state lithium battery. Here, a flexible polymer/garnet solid electrolyte is prepared with poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinylidene fluoride), Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 , lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and oxalate, which exhibits an ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10 −4 S cm −1 at 55 °C, improved mechanical property, wide electrochemical window (4.8 V vs. Li/Li + ), enhanced thermal stabilities. Tiny acidic OX was introduced to inhibit the alkalinity reactions between Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 and poly(vinylidene fluoride). In order to improve the interfacial stability between cathode and electrolyte, an Al 2 O 3 @LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 based composite cathode framework is also fabricated with poly(ethylene oxide) polymer and lithium salt as additives. The solid-state lithium battery assembled with polymer/garnet solid electrolyte and composite cathode framework demonstrates a high initial discharge capacity of 150.6 mAh g −1 and good capacity retention of 86.7% after 80 cycles at 0.2 C and 55 °C, which provides a promising choice for achieving the stable electrode/electrolyte interfacial contact in solid-state lithium batteries. An solid-state lithium metal battery was assembled with polymer/garnet solid electrolyte, composite cathode framework and lithium anode, exhibiting good electrochemical performance and high electrolyte/electrode interfacial stabilities.

Revealing Nanoscale Solid-Solid Interfacial Phenomena for Long-Life and High-Energy All-Solid-State Batteries.

Enabling long cyclability of high-voltage oxide cathodes is a persistent challenge for all-solid-state batteries, largely because of their poor interfacial stabilities against sulfide solid electrolytes. While protective oxide coating layers such as LiNbO3 (LNO) have been proposed, its precise working mechanisms are still not fully understood. Existing literature attributes reductions in interfacial impedance growth to the coating's ability to prevent interfacial reactions. However, its true nature is more complex, with cathode interfacial reactions and electrolyte electrochemical decomposition occurring simultaneously, making it difficult to decouple each effect. Herein, we utilized various advanced characterization tools and first-principles calculations to probe the interfacial phenomenon between solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and high-voltage cathode LiNi0.85Co0.1Al0.05O2 (NCA). We segregated the effects of spontaneous reaction between LPSCl and NCA at the interface and quantified the intrinsic electrochemical decomposition of LPSCl during cell cycling. Both experimental and computational results demonstrated improved thermodynamic stability between NCA and LPSCl after incorporation of the LNO coating. Additionally, we revealed the in situ passivation effect of LPSCl electrochemical decomposition. When combined, both these phenomena occurring at the first charge cycle result in a stabilized interface, enabling long cyclability of all-solid-state batteries.

Surface Li+/K+ Exchange toward Double-Gradient Modification of Layered Li-Rich Cathode Materials.

Surface coating and lattice doping are widely used to enhance the interfacial and structural stabilities of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 (LNCM). In this paper, KF is used to modify LNCM for the first time. A Li+/K+ exchange in the Li slabs is realized via a high-temperature treatment. Consequently, subsurface K+ gradient doping and surface K1-xLixF gradient coating are obtained simultaneously on LNCM. Such an Li+/K+ exchange mechanism and double-gradient modification are clarified by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectrometry line scans, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. As a result, the optimal 0.5 wt % KF-modified LNCM material shows markedly alleviated voltage degradation (0.0031 V@1 cycle), improved cycling stability (88%@100 cycles@0.5 C), and rate capability (108 mA h g-1@10 C), revealing large application potential in high-energy materials.

Enhancement Effects of Co Doping on Interfacial Properties of Sn Electrode−Collector: A First-Principles Study

The Co doping effects on the interfacial strength of Sn electrode-collector interface for lithium-ion batteries are investigated by using first-principles calculations. The results demonstrate that by forming strong chemical bonds with interfacial Sn, Li, and Cu atoms, Co doping in the interface region can enhance interfacial strengths and stabilities during lithiation. With doping, the highest strengths of Sn/Cu (1.74 J m-2) and LiSn/Cu (1.73 J m-2) interfaces are 9.4 and 17.7% higher than those of the corresponding interface systems before doping. Besides, Co doping can reduce interface charge accumulation and offset the decreasing interfacial strength during lithiation. Furthermore, the interfacial strength and electronic stability increase with rising Co content, whereas the increasing formation heat may result in thermodynamic instability. On the basis of the change of formation heat with Co content, an optimal Co doping content has been provided.

Adhesion and electronic structures of Cu/Zn2SnO4 interfaces: A first-principles study

Detailed insights into metal/ternary ceramic interfaces at the atomic and electronic scales are highly desirable for the development of a fundamental understanding of interfacial interactions. As a typical ternary ceramic, Zn2SnO4 exhibits excellent compatibility with metals; however, the unclear adhesive mechanism significantly limits the rational design and optimization of Zn2SnO4/metal composites with stable interfaces for specific applications. In this paper, we investigate Cu/Zn2SnO4 adhesive and interfacial characteristics via first-principles calculations. The universal binding energy and relaxation methods are applied sequentially to determine the adhesion strengths of various Cu/Zn2SnO4 interfacial structures. The work of separation (Wsep) indicates that O-rich Cu(111)/Zn2SnO4(111) (denoted as interface I) provides the preferred orientation relationship and atomic structure. We compare the interfacial adhesion strengths and stabilities of Cu/Zn2SnO4 interface I and other Cu/binary ceramics using their relaxed Wsep values. We find that the multication ceramic Zn2SnO4 exhibits a strong affinity for the Cu metal. Analysis of Cu–O bond lengths and coordination structures reveals that strong adhesion between Cu and Zn2SnO4 depends heavily on tetrahedral coordination structures constructed of short strong Cu–O bonds. The electronic structures within the Cu/Zn2SnO4 interface are further analyzed to elucidate relevant atomic interactions and bonding characteristics. Charge transfer and redistribution generate Cu–O bonds with a polar-covalent character, which contribute to enhanced interfacial adhesion strength and maintain interfacial stability. Our work discloses the atomic and electronic structures of Cu/Zn2SnO4 and extends the rational and effective designs of metal/ternary ceramic materials for various applications.

First principles calculation on the interface behavior of LaAlO3/(Ti,Nb)(C,N)

The present study investigated the binding energy and the crystal, interfacial, and electronic structural stabilities of LaAlO3(1 1 1)/(Ti,Nb)(C,N)(1 1 1) heterogeneous nucleation interfaces and analyzed the effectiveness of LaAlO3 as the heterogeneous nucleus of (Ti,Nb)(C,N) by the application of a first principles method. The results indicated that the lattice constant and elastic modulus of (Ti0.5,Nb0.5)(C0.5,N0.5), which were calculated using the virtual crystal approximation method, were similar to those of the actual crystal. The bonding mode between the (Ti0.5,Nb0.5)(C0.5,N0.5) (1 1 1)/LaAlO3 (1 1 1) interface was determined to be a combination of covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds, and the interface exhibited strong bonding effects. Furthermore, the LaAlO3 (1 1 1) interface contained two termination interfaces: Al and LaO3. The surface energies of the LaO3 and Al terminations exhibited positive and negative correlations with the Al chemical potential, ΔμAl, respectively. For most values of ΔμAl, the surface energy of the LaO3 termination was lower than that of the Al termination, which indicates that the LaO3 termination surface was more stable than the latter. For the LaAlO3 (1 1 1)/MX (1 1 1) interface with different termination types, the LaO3-X-terminated interface exhibited the largest interfacial binding energy. Interfacial atoms exhibited the greatest bond strengths, specifically the covalent and polar covalent bonds formed at the interface, indicating that the LaO3-terminated interface containing La atoms was more likely to act as the heterogeneous nucleus of (Ti,Nb)(C,N).

Direct Semiconductor Wafer Bonding in Non-Cleanroom Environment: Understanding the Environmental Influences on Bonding

We investigated semiconductor direct wafer bonding in a regular, non-cleanroom environment to understand environmental influences on bonding characteristics. The correlations among surface treatments, particle densities, bonding strengths, and interfacial conductivities were systematically investigated. On the basis of our investigation and condition optimization, we realized direct semiconductor bonding in the regular atmosphere with high interfacial mechanical stabilities and electrical conductivities, sufficient for device applications. Furthermore, we demonstrated fabrication and operation of solar cells using the developed bonding technique, with current paths across the bonded interfaces. These results and related technical insights may be useful for a low-cost, simpler manufacture of high-performance electrical and optical devices.

A Universal Strategy for Constructing Seamless Graphdiyne on Metal Oxides to Stabilize the Electrochemical Structure and Interface.

The structural and interfacial stabilities of metal oxides (MOs) are key issues while facing the volumetric variation and intensive interfacial polarization in electrochemical applications, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors, and catalysts. The growth of a seamless all-carbon interfacial layer on MOs with complex dimensions is not only a scientific problem, but also a practical challenge in these fields. Here, the growth of graphdiyne under ultramild condition is successfully implemented in situ for coating MOs of complex dimensions. The seamless all-carbon interface and conductive network are formed at the same time. This method cleverly avoids the structural degradation of MOs at a high temperature in the presence of traditional carbon materials. Under the protection of the high-quality graphdiyne layer, the samples as LIB anodes deliver high performances in terms of Coulomb efficiency, capacity, long-term retention, and structural and interfacial stabilities. Both experimental achievements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the graphdiyne is a particular protection layer for MOs and plays a crucial role for preventing the structural and interfacial degradation of the electrode. Furthermore, the universality of this method will promote the potential applications of many promising MOs in other electrochemical fields.

In-situ preparation of poly(ethylene oxide)/Li3PS4 hybrid polymer electrolyte with good nanofiller distribution for rechargeable solid-state lithium batteries

Nano-sized fillers in a polymer matrix with good distribution can play a positive role in improving polymer electrolytes in the aspects of ionic conductivity, mechanical property and electrochemical performance of Li-ion cells. Herein, polyethylene oxide (PEO)/Li3PS4 hybrid polymer electrolyte is prepared via a new in-situ approach. The ionic conductivities of the novel hybrid electrolytes with variable proportions are measured, and the optimal electrolyte of PEO-2%vol Li3PS4 presents a considerable ionic conductivity of 8.01 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C and an electrochemical window up to 5.1 V. The tests of DSC and EDXS reveal that the Li3PS4 nanoparticles with better distribution, as active fillers scattering in the PEO, exhibit a positive effect on the transference of lithium ion and electrochemical interfacial stabilities. Finally, the assembled solid-state LiFePO4/Li battery presents a decent cycling performance (80.9% retention rate after 325 cycles at 60 °C) and excellent rate capacities with 153, 143, 139 and 127 mAh g−1 at the discharging rate of 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C and 1 C at 60 °C. It is fully proved that it is an advanced strategy to preparing the new organic/inorganic hybrid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries applications.

Mechanisms for electrochemical performance enhancement by the salt-type electrolyte additive, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, in high-voltage lithium-ion batteries

Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) with one oxalate moiety bonded to a central boron core was employed as a salt-type additive to enhance the interfacial stabilities of high-voltage Li-rich cathodes and graphite anodes. Our investigation revealed that the LiDFOB additive modified the surface film on the electrodes and effectively restrained degradation of the cycling performance of the electrodes. Investigation of the surface chemistries of the electrodes confirmed that LiDFOB produces a LiF-less surface film on the Li-rich cathode and a LiF-rich surface film on the graphite anode. Moreover, the use of 1% LiDFOB drastically improved the rate capabilities of Li-rich cathodes and graphite anodes. Within 100 cycles at a rate of C/2 at 25 °C, only 45.8% of the initial discharge capacity of a high-voltage Li-rich/graphite full cell was delivered in the baseline electrolyte, while the LiDFOB-containing electrolyte retained 82.7%.

Interfacial thermal stability and band alignment of La2O3/Al2O3 nanolaminates deposited by atomic layer deposition

The interfacial thermal stability and band alignment of La2O3/Al2O3 nanolaminates with different terminations (LaOx and AlOx) deposited by atomic layer deposition have been investigated after annealing. Initial results indicate that the interfacial thermal stability is affected by the different terminations. An obvious formation of the interfacial layer is observed for La2O3/Al2O3 nanolaminates with LaOx termination, whereas the interfacial layer for La2O3/Al2O3 nanolaminates with AlOx termination increases negligibly after annealing. The different interfacial thermal stabilities cause different changes on the surface roughness, band offset, leakage current and C–V properties of La2O3/Al2O3 nanolaminates after annealing. A detailed analysis is performed to confirm the origin of the changes. All results indicate that La2O3/Al2O3 nanolaminate with AlOx termination can provide good dielectric properties, which is very useful for the high-κ process development.

Design of high-performance poly(l-lactide)/elastomer blends through anchoring carbon nanotubes at the interface with the aid of stereocomplex crystallization

Selective localization of nanoparticles at the interface of immiscible polymer blends has been witnessed as an efficient method to improve blend properties and even provide some added functionalities. Nevertheless, it is still a great challenge to achieve thermodynamically stable interface-localization of the nanoparticles mainly due to their low interfacial stabilities as well as high transfer speeds between the blend phases, especially for those with high aspect ratios. In this work, taking poly(l-lactide)/poly(d-lactide) grafted ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PLLA/EGD/MWCNTs) ternary composite as an example, we describe a new and facile strategy to address this challenge via anchoring high-aspect-ratio MWCNTs at the interface of PLLA/EGD blends using interface-localized stereocomplex (SC) crystallites as anchoring agents. During melt mixing of EGD with PLLA/MWCNTs mixture, such SC crystallites can be rapidly formed at the blend interface to prevent MWCNTs transferring from the thermodynamically unfavorable PLLA matrix into favorable EGD phase as physical barriers, and meanwhile some of these transferring MWCNTs could serve as nucleating agents to induce SC crystallization on their surfaces. As a result, many MWCNTs are firmly anchored at the blend interface by these SC crystallites. The anchored MWCNTs can not only function as effective interfacial enhancers to remarkably enhance interfacial strength and resulting impact toughness of PLLA/EGD blends but also enable the formation of electrical conductive pathway in the network-like PLLA/EGD blends at a much lower percolation threshold. This wok could offer a promising opportunity for preparing high-performance and multifunctional PLLA-based composites through controlling particle localization at the interface of immiscible PLLA blends with the aid of SC crystallization.