Understanding and tuning intermolecular interactions of the electrolyte solvation structure for low-temperature lithium-based batteries

Abstract

Electrolytes dictate the performance of low-temperature electrochemical energy storage devices, especially lithium-based batteries. The electrolyte solvation structure is critical for the ionic transport and charge-transfer kinetics as well as interfacial stabilities. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the constitutive relationship between different electrolyte components and low-temperature battery performance at the molecular level, and the effect of low temperature on the interactions between various molecules within the electrolyte solvation structure is critical for the rational design on the advanced low-temperature electrolytes. Herein, a systematically in-depth understanding of the intermolecular interactions within lithium-ion (Li+) solvation structure at low temperatures is provided. The research progress on the design of solvation structures for low-temperature lithium-based batteries is summarized from the perspective of regulating the interactions among cations, anions and solvents in the solvation structures. This review highlights the critical role of solvation structures on low-temperature battery performance that help advance the low-temperature battery chemistry.