Interfacial Nanolayer Research Articles

Current advancements in fluid-flow Problems: A brief review

This specific article is a compilation of a few current studies on fluid flow issues. This article provides an overview of current research on the experimental and theoretical analysis of various nanofluids' thermal conductivity. The current study examines a number of variables that have a significant impact on a nanofluid's ability to transfer heat, including temperature, solid volume fraction, type, size, shape, magnetic field, pH, ultrasonic time, and surfactant. In addition, some plausible and appealing theories that enhance the thermal conductivity of nanofluids are mentioned. The final important heat transmission mechanisms that play a significant part in improving thermal conductivity are Brownian motion, thermophoresis, nanoclustering, interfacial nano-layer, and osmophoresis. Thus, consideration is given to the heat transmission properties of nanofluids. And also discussed some Numerical method to solve fluid flow problems.

An order-disorder core-shell strategy for enhanced work-hardening capability and ductility in nanostructured alloys

Nanocrystalline metallic materials have the merit of high strength but usually suffer from poor ductility and rapid grain coarsening, limiting their practical application. Here, we introduce a core-shell nanostructure in a multicomponent alloy to address these challenges simultaneously, achieving a high tensile strength of 2.65 GPa, a large uniform elongation of 17%, and a high thermal stability of 1173 K. Our strategy relies on an ordered superlattice structure that excels in dislocation accumulation, encased by a ≈3 nm disordered face-centered-cubic nanolayer acting as dislocation sources. The ordered superlattice with high anti-phase boundary energy retards dislocation motions, promoting their interaction and storage within the nanograins. The disordered interfacial nanolayer promotes dislocation emission and effectively accommodates the plastic strain at grain boundaries, preventing intergranular cracking. Consequently, the order-disorder core-shell nanostructure exhibits enhanced work-hardening capability and large ductility. Moreover, such core-shell nanostructure exhibits high coarsening resistance at elevated temperatures, enabling it high thermal stability. Such a design strategy holds promise for developing high-performance materials.

Stabilizing the interface between high-Ni oxide cathode and Li6PS5Cl for all-solid-state batteries via dual-compatible halides

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with enhanced safety are promising next-generation energy storage systems for electric vehicles. However, the utilization of ASSBs is hindered by the high interfacial resistances between high-Ni-oxide cathodes and sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs). Passivating interphases form on the cathode in contact with the SE upon charging, deteriorating the power capability and cyclability. Inspired by the excellent stability of halides at high voltages, herein, we propose the interfacial engineering of LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) and Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) using Li+-conductive halides with ʻdual compatibilityʼ. The charge-transport and interfacial resistances of the halide-coated NCM (NCM@halide) electrodes are analyzed using a transmission-line-based impedance model. Impedance analyses indicate that the interfacial halide nanolayers slightly increase the Li+-transport resistance, but the NCM@halide electrodes exhibit considerably lower interfacial resistances than bare NCM. Furthermore, the interfacial resistance is highly dependent on the halide composition: NCM@Li2ZrCl6 shows a lower interfacial resistance than NCM@Li3InCl6 and NCM@Li3YCl6, resulting in superior rate-capability and cycling stability. The composition-dependent electrochemical properties of the NCM@halide electrodes are discussed in terms of the dual compatibility of the halides with NCM and LPSCl. This study offers an effective approach for addressing the interfacial challenges of sulfide-based ASSBs with high-Ni oxide cathodes.

Demonstration of angioplasty using a balloon catheter in tetra-hybrid nano-bloodstream within an electrified stenotic arterial cavity under a magnetic field: Artificial neural network analysis

This article focuses on the critical role of advanced computational techniques in enhancing medical diagnostics and treatment planning, especially in procedures like angioplasty. It presents a detailed examination of ballooned catheterization (balloon angioplasty) in a bloodstream carrying tetra-hybrid nanoparticles within a negatively charged stenotic arterial cavity, influenced by a magnetic field. The study models the streaming of blood, considering factors like heat generation, Joule heating, interfacial nanolayers, nanoparticle size, and velocity and thermal slip conditions. The model simplifies complex dynamics through the lubricant and Debye–Hückel linearization approaches and employs the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for solving dimensionless equations. Mathematica and Matlab are used to illustrate key parameters like velocity, temperature, pressure gradient, wall shear stress (WSS), heat transfer coefficient (HTC), and blood bolus trapping. The study reveals that increasing the balloon catheter’s height boosts blood velocity in the annulus’s central zone, while a thicker interfacial nanolayer diminishes blood temperature and HTC. Larger nanoparticles elevate the blood temperature profile, and increased electro-osmotic parameters enhance the pressure gradient. The tetra-hybrid nano-blood (THNB) shows superior HTC compared to other forms. The study also delves into bolus trapping phenomena, emphasizing the significant changes induced by electro-osmotic forces. Additionally, an artificial neural network (ANN) model, developed using HPM-derived data, accurately predicts WSS and HTC, achieving high accuracy rates of 99.97% in testing and 99.92% in validation for THNB flow. This study paves the way for more targeted, safer, and efficient use of balloon catheters in treating arterial blockages, significantly impacting cardiovascular medicine and patient care.

Mixed convection hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating cone in a rotating fluid environment with interfacial nanolayer effect

This study explores the dynamics of a mixed magneto-hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flowing over a rotating cone within a rotational fluid flow, focusing on the effects of joule heating and thermal radiation. Employing water as a base fluid, enhanced with nanoparticles like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphene oxide (GO), we examine the critical role of liquid–solid interfacial layers on thermal integrity and boundary conditions. The governing model integrates joule heating, thermal radiation, mixed convection, and magnetic effects to fully represent the complexities of the flow dynamics. A system of partial differential equations (PDEs), simplified under boundary layer assumptions, is transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity transformations. These ODEs are then solved using the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) in Mathematica. Notably, our results demonstrate an improvement in heat transfer rates under combined magnetic and rotational influences, compared to conventional fluids. This enhanced cooling efficiency is critical for applications like aeronautical gas turbines and power production turbines, where higher thermal regulation directly correlates with improved performance, durability, and operational efficiency. Moreover, the study reveals a significant sensitivity of the thermal boundary layer to variations in the Prandtl number, indicating that higher Prandtl numbers lead to a lower temperature profile. This finding is vital for optimizing heat transfer processes, particularly in engineering applications where precise control over thermal properties is required. Furthermore, the study provides detailed insights into the friction factors for azimuthal and tangential directions, alongside local Nusselt numbers, offering substantial agreement with prior research. These findings contribute significantly to the design and optimization of modern cooling systems, emphasizing the potential of HNFs in high-temperature environments.

Nanomolecularly-induced Effects at Titania/Organo-Diphosphonate Interfaces for Stable Hybrid Multilayers with Emergent Properties.

Nanoscale hybrid inorganic-organic multilayers are attractive for accessing emergent phenomena and properties through superposition of nanomolecularly-induced interface effects for diverse applications. Here, we demonstrate the effects of interfacial molecular nanolayers (MNLs) of organo-diphosphonates on the growth and stability of titania nanolayers during the synthesis of titania/MNL multilayers by sequential atomic layer deposition and single-cycle molecular layer deposition. Interfacial organo-diphosphonate MNLs result in ∼20-40% slower growth of amorphous titania nanolayers and inhibit anatase nanocrystal formation from them when compared to amorphous titania grown without MNLs. Both these effects are more pronounced in multilayers with aliphatic backbone-MNLs and likely related to impurity incorporation and incomplete reduction of the titania precursor indicated by our spectroscopic analyses. In contrast, both MNLs result in two-fold higher titania nanolayer roughness, suggesting that roughening is primarily due to MNL bonding chemistry. Such MNL-induced effects on inorganic nanolayer growth rate, roughening, and stability are germane to realizing high-interface-fraction hybrid nanolaminate multilayers.

Current advancements in fluid-flow Problems: A brief review

This specific article is a compilation of a few current studies on fluid flow issues. This article provides an overview of current research on the experimental and theoretical analysis of various nanofluids' thermal conductivity. The current study examines a number of variables that have a significant impact on a nanofluid's ability to transfer heat, including temperature, solid volume fraction, type, size, shape, magnetic field, pH, ultrasonic time, and surfactant. In addition, some plausible and appealing theories that enhance the thermal conductivity of nanofluids are mentioned. The final important heat transmission mechanisms that play a significant part in improving thermal conductivity are Brownian motion, thermophoresis, nanoclustering, interfacial nano-layer, and osmophoresis. Thus, consideration is given to the heat transmission properties of nanofluids. And also discussed some Numerical method to solve fluid flow problems.

Molecularly-induced roughness and oxidation in cobalt/organodithiol/cobalt nanolayers synthesized by sputter-deposition and molecular sublimation.

Integrating interfacial molecular nanolayers (MNL) with inorganic nanolayers is of interest for understanding processing-structure/chemistry correlations in hybrid nanolaminates. Here, we report the synthesis of Co/biphenyldithiol (BPDT)/Co nanolayer sandwiches by metal sputter-deposition and molecular sublimation. The density and surface roughness of the Co layers deposited on the native oxide are invariant with the Ar pressure pAr during deposition. In contrast, the Co layer roughness rCo deposited on top of the BPDT MNL increases with pAr, and correlates with a higher degree of Co oxidation. Increased roughening is attributed to MNL-accentuated self-shadowing of low mobility Co atoms at high pAr, which consequently increases Co oxidation. These results indicating MNL-induced effects on the morphology and chemistry of the inorganic layers should be of importance for tailoring nanolayered hybrid interfaces and laminates.

Recent development in fluid-flow problems: A brief review

This particular article is a collection of some recent research articles on fluid flow problems. The present article summarizes the recent research developments regarding the experimental and theoretical examination about thermal conductivity of different nanofluids. The current investigate analyzes several factors those strongly affecting thermal conductivity of nanofluids include temperature, solid volume fraction, particle type, particle size, particle shape, magnetic field, different base fluids, pH, ultrasonic time and surfactant. Other than, different justifiably attractive models contributing enlargement of thermal conductivity of nanofluids are invoked. Lastly, major heat transfer mechanisms namely Brownian motion, thermophoresis, nanoclustering, interfacial nano-layer and osmophoresis responsible for remarkable role in upgrade the thermal conductivity. Hence the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are considered.

Computational fluid dynamics approaches: An overview

This special article is a collection of 28 review articles from different fluid flow approaches. The present article summarizes the recent research developments regarding the theoretical and experimental investigations about thermal conductivity of different nanofluids. The current study analyzes several factors those strongly affecting thermal conductivity of nanofluids include solid volume fraction, temperature, particle size, particle type, particle shape, different base fluids, magnetic field, pH, surfactant and ultrasonic time. In addition, different reasonably attractive models contributing augmentation of thermal conductivity of nanofluids are invoked. Finally, important heat transfer mechanisms namely Brownian motion, nanoclustering, thermophoresis, osmophoresis and interfacial nano-layer responsible for significant role in ameliorating the thermal conductivity and therefore the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are discussed.

Interfacial nanolayer mechanism and irreversibility analysis for nonlinear Arrhenius reactive hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretched cylinder

Interfacial nanolayer mechanism and irreversibility analysis for nonlinear Arrhenius reactive hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretched cylinder

Numerical analysis on thermal control and irreversibility for 3D Casson hybrid nanofluid flow within two permeable stretching surfaces with interfacial nanolayer thickness and slip velocities

During the preparation of nanoparticles, the nanolayer thickness plays a vital role in further controlling the flow and thermal–physical features of the fluid. Features are observed to be more prominent in the presence of hybrid nanomaterials. In the present problem, the concomitant effects of the interfacial nanolayer of nanomaterials MWCNT and Fe 3 O 4 during a 3D Casson hybrid nanofluid flow between two parallel plates have been investigated. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalize the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations. Equations after similarity transformation are processed by concerning the finite element method. Impressions of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and the Bejan number are displayed through graphs and tables. Graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids and different nanolayer thicknesses of nanoparticles. Three-dimensional features were observed for skin friction and the rate of heat transfer. The thermal impact is very significant in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and a heat source. After simulation, it is indicated that heat transfer rate disrupts with Biot number while it upgrades with heat generation. The entropy of the system is restricted with an increase in the magnetic and Brinkman numbers, while the Bejan number shows the opposite behavior with respect to those parameters. With an increase in the interfacial nanolayer thickness, the entropy of the system slows down.

Interfacial nanolayer effect on thermophysical properties of silica-paraffin phase change material - A molecular dynamics simulation

Thermophysical properties of composite phase change materials (PCMs) are influenced by the interfacial nanolayer. Molecular dynamics (MD) method is used to study the effect of interfacial nanolayer on thermophysical properties of silica-paraffin composite PCM. The simulation results show that the melting enthalpy is reduced from 197.9 J·g−1 to 29.1 J·g−1, and the thermal conductivity is enhanced from 0.142 W·m−1·K−1 to 0.268 W·m−1·K−1, when the silica thickness is increased from 0 to 15.0 Å. The interfacial nanolayer is observed in composite PCM, and its thickness increases with the increase of silica wall thickness. In the composite PCM with 7.0 Å silica wall, a loss of 62.9% in the melting enthalpy is observed, with 32.6% attributed to the silica mass and 30.3% attributed to the nanolayer. Based on that, a modified model is proposed to predict the melting enthalpy of composite PCMs by considering the effects of both silica mass fraction and nanolayer. To reveal the thermal conductivity enhancement mechanism, the total heat flux is decomposed into three terms (namely, kinetic energy term, potential energy term and interaction energy term). It is found that the interaction energy term has the largest contribution to the total heat flux. The presence of nanolayer strengths the interactions, leading to the thermal conductivity enhancement.

An approach to characterize the nanolayer for a nanofluid: Thickness, density and molar mass

The aim of this work is to develop a theoretical approximation to calculate the effective thickness, density and molar mass of the interfacial nanolayer around nanofluid particles. These properties of the nanolayer depend, in general, on temperature, on the nature of the base fluid, the nature of nanoparticles, their geometry and their concentration. The model takes into account all these parameters. This is presented for a general geometry and it is shown that the effective nanolayer molar mass is equal to that of the base fluid. Then, this is particularized for a spherical geometry, which is one of the most usual in literature, and is numerically applied to the aqueous alumina (15 nm) nanofluids at different temperatures and nanoparticle concentrations. The obtained results together with those from the application of the model to some nanofluids from literature, at different temperatures and nanoparticle concentrations, allow providing a general insight into the effective behavior of those nanolayer properties. Finally, it is shown that the model, under its hypothesis, does not support the equation of Pak and Cho except as an approximation.

Thermo-solutal Marangoni convective Darcy-Forchheimer bio-hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable disk with activation energy: Analysis of interfacial nanolayer thickness

Abstract The Marangoni convective phenomena have a unique impact on industries and medical tools. These phenomena are more prominent in the presence of dual nanoparticles (NPs) over base fluids such as blood that are surrounded by a thin interfacial nanolayer, an important feature to control the physical and thermal properties of the NP. In this problem, we have analysed the thermo-solutal Marangoni convective Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanomaterials with the impact of the interfacial nanolayer. The results of the system of an exponential heat source, non-linear radiation, joule heating, and activation energy are discussed. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalise the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations and then processed by the Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM). The impression of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and Bejan number is demonstrated through graphical and tabular form. Graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) and different nanolayer thicknesses of NPs. Activation energy and chemical reaction parameters restrict the Sherwood number, and the same is observed for the Nusselt number with an increase in the Brinkman and Eckert numbers. The thickness of the interfacial nanolayer of the NPs restricts the entropy generation of the system, while the entropy is higher for the HNF than the nanofluid. An opposite feature was observed for the Bejan number.

Significance role of dual porosity and interfacial nanolayer mechanisms on hybrid nanofluids flow: A symmetry flow model

The investigation of heat and mass transfer between two porous disks containing porous media is the focus of this paper. In this research, (Ag–Al2O3/water)-based hybrid nanofluid is used. Governing partial differential equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. Numerical solutions to nonlinear systems of equations are achieved using the shooting technique. It is examined how the particle’s diameter and nanolayer thickness affect the thermal conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid. Due to the increment of nanolayer thickness, the Nusselt number increases and vice versa for the radius of the particle. Tables and graphs show how the governing parameters influence velocity, temperature, and mass concentration profiles, as well as physical quantities such as skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. As the values of the porous medium parameters ([Formula: see text]–13) and nanolayer thickness ([Formula: see text]–12) elevate, the flow of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number escalate in both porous disks. Moreover, as the values of the particle radius ([Formula: see text]% to 12%) and Reynolds number ([Formula: see text]1 to 2) amplify, the flow of heat transfer rate is diminished in the lower disk. Porous materials have a high surface area, which increases the contact area between the nanofluids and the porous medium. Porous materials can enhance the permeability of the fluid, reducing the pressure drop in the system. This can be advantageous in applications where high flow rates and low-pressure drops are desired, such as in heat exchangers or cooling systems. Porous materials can provide trapping sites or adhesion points for the nanoparticles, enhancing their dispersion and stability within the hybrid nanofluids. The porosity of the flow medium can therefore influence the purification and filtration efficiency of the hybrid nanofluids, ensuring their cleanliness and functionality. Understanding and controlling the porosity can help optimize the flow characteristics of the nanofluids in various applications. Overall this field will focus on refining hybrid nanofluid compositions, improving modeling techniques, validating experimental findings, optimizing system designs, and exploring new applications.

Numerical analysis of interfacial nanolayer thickness on Darcy-Forchheimer Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving needle with Cattaneo-Christov dual flux

The interfacial nanolayer is a tinny coating of liquid molecules convened around the immersed solid nanoparticles in the base liquid which plays a vital role to control the flow and improve the thermophysical properties of the fluid. Features are more prominent for hybrid nanomaterials. Hence, the present analysis deals with the concomitant effects of an interfacial nanolayer of nanomaterials MWCNT and Ag during a viscous Darcy Forchheimer flow over a moving needle. Thermal radiation, Joule heating, and viscous dissipations concerning the Cattaneo-Christov thermosolutal flux have been introduced. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalize the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations. Equations after similarity transformation are processed by the finite element method. The impression of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and Bejan number is displayed through graphs and tables. Graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids and different nanolayer thicknesses of nanoparticles. A similarity feature concerns existing literature with good promise. The thermal impact is more significant with the occurrence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and is further supported by thermal radiation and the Brinkman number. It has been found that Brinkman numbers boost the rate of heat transfer. Entropy generation is nonlinearly raised with advanced outcomes of radiation parameters, Brinkman number, and Reynolds number, while Bejan number shows the opposite behavior with respect to those parameters. The nanolayer thickness of the nanoparticles restricted the irreversibility phenomena of the system, and the same feature is supported by the Bejan number.

Thermal and irreversibility analysis on Cattaneo–Christov heat flux-based unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning sphere with interfacial nanolayer mechanism

Thermal and irreversibility analysis on Cattaneo–Christov heat flux-based unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning sphere with interfacial nanolayer mechanism

Significance of Interfacial Nanolayer and Mixed Convection in Radiative Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow by Permeable Rotating Cone

Significance of Interfacial Nanolayer and Mixed Convection in Radiative Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow by Permeable Rotating Cone

Biomedical simulations of hybrid nano fluid flow through a balloon catheterized stenotic artery with the effects of an inclined magnetic field and variable thermal conductivity

One of the current challenges of the coronary angioplasty technique for treating atherosclerosis in the artery is to target the desired area using nanoparticles. This study aims to investigate the hybrid Au-Fe3O4/blood nanofluid flow that passes through a narrowed section of a stenotic artery. The behavior of the Au-Fe3O4/blood flow in the stenosis region is mathematically examined, taking into account an inclined magnetic field and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. Additionally, this work analyses the effect of nanolayers on nanofluid flow in the presence of a catheter with a balloon (angioplasty) on its wall. Tube and balloon catheter models are considered individually to compare the results of flow characteristics and heat transmission. Channel boundaries comprise wall properties with thermal slip and second-order velocity slip conditions. A similarity transformation procedure is used to convert the governing equations into highly nonlinear normal differential equations, which are analytically computed using the homotopy perturbation technique. The obtained results reveal an increased velocity profile due to the magnetic force, while an inverse trend occurs due to the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. Furthermore, interfacial nanolayers of nanoparticles significantly alter the blood temperature to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases. This rheological model may be useful for cancer diagnosis, tumor-selective photothermal therapy, medical simulation devices, and other applications.