Numerical analysis on thermal control and irreversibility for 3D Casson hybrid nanofluid flow within two permeable stretching surfaces with interfacial nanolayer thickness and slip velocities

Abstract

During the preparation of nanoparticles, the nanolayer thickness plays a vital role in further controlling the flow and thermal–physical features of the fluid. Features are observed to be more prominent in the presence of hybrid nanomaterials. In the present problem, the concomitant effects of the interfacial nanolayer of nanomaterials MWCNT and Fe 3 O 4 during a 3D Casson hybrid nanofluid flow between two parallel plates have been investigated. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalize the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations. Equations after similarity transformation are processed by concerning the finite element method. Impressions of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and the Bejan number are displayed through graphs and tables. Graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids and different nanolayer thicknesses of nanoparticles. Three-dimensional features were observed for skin friction and the rate of heat transfer. The thermal impact is very significant in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and a heat source. After simulation, it is indicated that heat transfer rate disrupts with Biot number while it upgrades with heat generation. The entropy of the system is restricted with an increase in the magnetic and Brinkman numbers, while the Bejan number shows the opposite behavior with respect to those parameters. With an increase in the interfacial nanolayer thickness, the entropy of the system slows down.