Interface Design Research Articles

Composite electrolytes and interface designs for progressive solid‐state sodium batteries

AbstractSolid‐state sodium batteries (SSSBs) are poised to replace lithium‐ion batteries as viable alternatives for energy storage systems owing to their high safety and reliability, abundance of raw material, and low costs. However, as the core constituent of SSSBs, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with low ionic conductivities at room temperature (RT) and unstable interfaces with electrodes hinder the development of SSSBs. Recently, composite SSEs (CSSEs), which inherit the desirable properties of two phases, high RT ionic conductivity, and high interfacial stability, have emerged as viable alternatives; however, their governing mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of CSSEs, classified into inorganic–inorganic, polymer–polymer, and inorganic–polymer types, and discuss their structure–property relationship in detail. Moreover, the CSSE–electrode interface issues and effective strategies to promote intimate and stable interfaces are summarized. Finally, the trends in the design of CSSEs and CSSE–electrode interfaces are presented, along with the future development prospects of high‐performance SSSBs.

Tailoring MnO2 Cathode Interface via Organic–Inorganic Hybridization Engineering for Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

AbstractManganese (Mn)‐based aqueous zinc ion batteries show great promise for large‐scale energy storage due to their high capacity, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, they suffer from the severe capacity decay associated with the dissolution of Mn from the cathode/electrolyte interface. In this study, theoretical modeling inspires that the amino acid molecule, isoleucine (Ile), can be an ideal surface coating material for α‐MnO2 to stabilize the surface Mn lattice and mitigate Mn dissolution, thereby enhancing cycling stability. Furthermore, the coated Ile molecular layers can accumulate Zn2+ ions from the electrolyte and promote those ions’ transport to the α‐MnO2 cathode while prohibiting H2O from accessing the α‐MnO2 surface, reducing the surface erosion. The compact organic–inorganic interface is experimentally synthesized for α‐MnO2 utilizing Ile that shows homogeneous distribution on the well‐defined Ile‐α‐MnO2 nanorod electrodes. The fabricated aqueous zinc‐ion battery exhibits a high specific capacity (332.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (85% after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1) as well as good inhibition toward Mn2+ dissolution, surpassing most reported cathode materials. This organic–inorganic hybrid interface design provides a new, simple avenue for developing high‐performance and low‐cost Mn‐based aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs).

90-degree peeling of elastic thin films from elastic soft substrates: Theoretical solutions and experimental verification

Peeling of thin films has been widely used in adhesion measurement, film transfer and bio-inspired design. Most previous studies focused on the peeling of thin films from rigid substrates, but soft substrates are common in practical applications. Herein, we propose a two-dimensional model based on the bilinear cohesive law to characterize the 90-degree peeling of elastic thin films from elastic soft substrates, and obtain theoretical solutions expressed in terms of the Chebyshev series. The theoretical solutions match well with the finite element method results, including the load-displacement curves and the bulging deformation of soft substrates. We find that with decreasing substrate modulus, the maximum peeling force (Pmax) decreases but the steady-state peeling force remains unchanged. With the present solutions, the interfacial strength and fracture energy can be extracted simultaneously from the 90-degree peeling experiments of thin film/soft substrate systems, and then the experimentally measured Pmax for different film thicknesses can be well predicted. Furthermore, we obtain a new power scaling law of Pmax, where the scaling exponent depends on substrate elasticity. These results can help us measure the interfacial properties of thin film/soft substrate systems via peel tests, and regulate their peeling behaviors by interface design.

Implementasi Metode Waterfall untuk Membuat Antarmuka pada Aplikasi Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Berbasis Mobile

Current technological developments have penetrated various sectors of human daily activities, almost every human activity is supported by technology that functions to facilitate the completion of work, starting from things that seem trivial to quite complicated work. Therefore, Banjar Tri Parartha residents who have a business unit in the form of a savings and loan cooperative with funds from member contributions, run it by carrying out cooperative principles to help the economic movement of its citizens based on the principle of family. At this time the process of recording, calculating to the reporting process is still done conventionally, so that cooperative administrators are quite busy every time they make an accountability report that is carried out every year. By running the analysis and design process in the application creation stage using the waterfall method. So in the interface design it is adjusted to what is needed by the cooperative. It is hoped that this research can be a reference in making applications as the next stage. By using the application design starting from the recording stage, processing calculations and presenting reports, it is hoped that all stakeholders will find it easier to monitor and obtain cooperative financial information, so that the transparency of cooperative funds can provide certainty for its members.

A Study of Key Factors Influencing the Usability of Smartphone Graphical User Interfaces for Older Adults

This study investigates the key factors influencing the usability of smartphone graphical user interfaces (GUIs) among elderly users in Shanxi Province, China. A total of 1,111 healthy individuals aged 60-75 years participated in the study. Quantitative analysis methods, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and mediation and moderation analysis, were employed to examine the interactions between user characteristics (age, education, experience, health status) and GUI design factors (interface layout, text and icon design, feedback mechanisms, information presentation) about usability metrics (cognitive load, interaction barriers, user experience). The analysis revealed that both user characteristics and GUI design factors significantly impact usability outcomes. Specifically, GUI design factors were found to mediate the relationship between user characteristics and usability, while user characteristics moderated the effects of GUI design on usability. These findings underscore the necessity of tailored interface design to enhance user experience and promote digital inclusion among elderly populations. Practical recommendations include the use of larger and more readable text, simplified iconography, and clear, immediate feedback to users. Such adjustments can significantly improve usability and foster greater digital inclusion. This research contributes valuable insights to both theoretical understanding and practical applications in the design of age-appropriate mobile interfaces.

Organic-Inorganic Interfacial Dipole Induced by Energy Level Alignment for Efficient Photocatalytic Sterilization.

Photocatalytic molecules are considered to be one of the most promising substitutions of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the strong excitonic effect greatly restricts their efficiency in antibacterial performance. Inspired by the interfacial dipole effect, a Ti3C2 MXene modified photocatalytic molecule (MTTTPyB) is designed and synthesized to enhance the yield of photogenerated carriers under light irradiation. The alignment of the energy level between Ti3C2 and MTTTPyB results in the formation of an interfacial dipole, which can provide an impetus for the separation of carriers. Under the role of a dipole electric field, these photogenerated electrons can rapidly migrate to the side of Ti3C2 for improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes. Thus, more electrons can be utilized to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation. As a result, over 97.04% killing efficiency can be reached for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) when the concentration of MTTTPyB/Ti3C2 was 50 ppm under 660 nm irradiation for 15 min. A microneedle (MN) patch made from MTTTPyB/Ti3C2 was used to treat the subcutaneous bacterial infection. This design of an organic-inorganic interface provides an effective method to minimize the excitonic effect of molecules, further expanding the platform of inorganic/organic hybrid materials for efficient phototherapy.

Penilaian Kepuasaan User dalam Menggunakan APlikasi SIM ASN Menggunakan Metode Website Quality

Implementation of the State Civil Apparatus Management Information System (SIM ASN) is a must. The ASN SIM is not only an administrative tool, but is a digital ecosystem that integrates all personnel application services. The problem that occurs in the ASN SIM application is that users find it difficult to complete the complete history requested by the ASN SIM in the personnel database to update employee data history. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of three factors on user satisfaction: application quality, user-friendliness, and interaction quality. The evaluation process is based on the Website Quality technique, which takes into account multiple aspects of website quality, such as as information content, security, usability, speed, and interface design. Respondents in this study were frequent users of the ASN SIM Application. Questionnaires were used to gather information about user opinions and experiences with the quality of the program. To characterize the degree of user satisfaction and the variables influencing it, data analysis was carried out using both statistical and qualitative methodologies. In order to enhance the user experience and efficacy of using the ASN SIM Application in the everyday work environment, it is intended that the research findings will offer comprehensive insight into the areas that require further development. This study adds to the body of knowledge about user satisfaction evaluation in the context of government apps and may serve as a model for future research on the subject.

Investigating Drivers’ Awareness of Automated Vehicle Modes Using the State Diagram Method

Driving automation introduces multiple driving modes to maximize the system’s benefits, but drivers must monitor and stay aware of these modes, which can sometimes lead to mode confusion. We modified Degani and Heymann’s state diagram method to assess the mode structure of a hypothetical driving automation system and the likelihood of discrepancies between drivers’ mode awareness and the system’s actual mode. We used the modified method and driving simulation data from participants who weren’t fully informed about all automation modes. The modified method visualized all possible combinations of automation modes and drivers’ mode awareness, highlighting where they diverge and estimating the frequency of the divergence. The diagram identified areas where human-machine interface (HMI) design can help drivers maintain accurate mode awareness. The modified state diagram method provides actionable insights for designing HMIs to reduce mode confusion and can be used to develop computational models of automation mode structures.

The Analysis and Improvement of User Interface Design on Climate Information Service Mobile Application Using the Lean UX Method

Info BMKG is an iOS and Android app providing weather, temperature, air quality, and earthquake data across Indonesia. Issues related to the usability of the BMKG Info application were identified through observations and feedback found on the Google Play Store, which has a rating of 4.4. The responses identified included an unattractive appearance, limited features, increasing complexity, and a need for more innovation, necessitating usability evaluation and UI design improvements to enhance user experience. The analysis and redesign follow the Lean UX approach and Heuristic Evaluation method. Usability testing, specifically the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire, is used to assess user satisfaction. The study finds that implementing Lean UX significantly improves the system's quality and user experience. UI design enhancements, based on usability testing, improve navigation, information clarity, and ease of use. Recommendations result in better outcomes, with Heuristic Evaluation yielding scores of H1 = 1 (System status visibility), H2 = 1 (Match between the system and the real world), H4 = 1 (Consistency and standards), H5 = 1 (Error prevention), H7 = 1 (Flexibility and efficiency of use), H8 = 1 (Aesthetic and minimalist design), and H9 = 1 (Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors). The Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire method shows an improvement from high to a better category.

Human Machine Interface Design for Robotized Road Works in InfraROB project

Human Machine Interface Design for Robotized Road Works in InfraROB project

User interface design in mobile learning applications: Developing and evaluating a questionnaire for measuring learners' extraneous cognitive load

Mobile learning is increasingly popular due to its flexibility in timing and location. However, challenges such as small screen sizes and poor user interface design can elevate learners' cognitive load, especially extraneous cognitive load, which hinders learning. Extraneous cognitive load, stemming from user interface design complexity, must be minimized to enhance learning focus. Currently, there is no dedicated instrument for measuring extraneous cognitive load specific to mobile learning user interface design. This study aims to develop and evaluate a subjective instrument for measuring extraneous cognitive load caused by user interface design in mobile learning applications. Two sets of experiments were conducted: pretesting to establish the instrument's foundation with a small participant group, followed by pilot experiments to validate the instruments and refine experimental procedures. The NASA-TLX score was used to analyze the relationship between overall cognitive load and extraneous load across various user interface criteria. Understanding these relationships can guide user interface improvements to reduce extraneous cognitive load. Challenges encountered during pretesting and pilot experiments included participant fatigue, scale reliability issues, and incomplete data collection. To enhance reliability, adjustments were made: tasks were reduced, the scale was expanded from a 4-point to a 10-point format, and facilitators thoroughly verified data before participants concluded sessions. Creating a tool to measure how user interface design impacts users' extraneous load is important because it is the UI design, not the mobile app's content that affects extraneous load. However, general methods for measuring cognitive load may not accurately identify problems with user interface design. Therefore, an extraneous load-based method is needed. This will also eventually improve usability.

Innovative Applications of Intelligent Technology in Infant Care Products: A Study on the Design of Bottle Warmers and Milk Warmers

This paper delves into the innovative application of intelligent technology in the design of infant care products, with a particular focus on the design of smart bottle warmers and milk warmers, and their impact on user experience. The study begins by analyzing the current market demands and limitations of existing products in the field of infant care products, followed by a detailed discussion of the design features, technological advantages, and user experience of HAUTURE brand products. Through an in-depth analysis of the temperature control technology of the smart bottle warmer, the user interface design, and the dual-sealing system and vibration reduction and noise reduction technology of the milk warmer, this paper reveals how intelligent technology enhances product performance and user satisfaction. In addition, this paper examines the role of user feedback in product design improvement and proposes solutions to technical challenges. Finally, it provides an outlook on the future development trends of intelligent infant care products, predicting how intelligent technology will further shape innovation in this field.

User Interface Design and Usability Evaluation of a Mental Health Mobile Application for Healthcare Workers: A Nursing Informatics Perspective

Objectives: The critical need for accessible mental health support for healthcare workers during pandemics underscores the importance of tailored interventions. This study aimed to derive user interface (UI) design elements and evaluate the usability of a mobile mental health application specifically crafted for healthcare professionals, focusing on nursing informatics.Methods: The mental healing app (mHealing app) interfaces were developed, emphasizing UI design elements derived from user requirements and guided by principles of nursing informatics. Usability was assessed using the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES).Results: Six nurses, including one specializing in nursing informatics, participated in both UI design derivation and usability pilot test, providing valuable insights from a nursing informatics perspective. The mHealing app offers personalized content delivery and facilitates connections to counselors based on users’ mental health states, supported by a self-diagnosis tool. The UI design prioritizes user-centered features and intuitive navigation, addressing healthcare workers’ unique challenges during pandemics. In the usability pilot test, the app scored high in impact, perceived usefulness, and ease of use, according to Health-ITUES.Conclusions: The mHealing app, developed with a focus on UI design elements informed by nursing informatics principles, effectively addresses the mental health care needs of healthcare workers during pandemics, particularly COVID-19. Engaging six nurses in usability pilot test, including one specializing in nursing informatics, the app demonstrates a user-centered approach and intuitive UI, promising a meaningful impact in clinical settings.

Establishing a user demand hierarchy model driven by a mental model for complex operating systems

In complex human-computer interactions, issues such as task failures, system malfunctions, and frequent accidents caused by user errors are common. Therefore, it is necessary to study complex system interactions to enhance overall efficiency. This study focuses on the task interface of a digital twin system for computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools and examines the relationship between the user mental model and interface design elements. Key mental information is obtained through questionnaires and interviews, forming the basis for establishing a user mental model. High-frequency information words are extracted, experimental samples are designed, and importance rating surveys are conducted. Quantitative analysis methods, including factor analysis and weight calculation, are utilized to analyze the needs of target users. Consequently, a user demand hierarchy model is constructed. This approach aims to effectively reduce user errors in the human-computer interaction process within complex systems and enhance cognitive efficiency.

The Design of the Nusantara Quest Game on Mobile Platforms for the Cultural Arts Subject for Grade X Students

This research aims to design a mobile-based game called Nusantara Quest to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes in Arts Education for 10th-grade students. The educational game is developed using the Unity platform and follows the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The analysis phase involves studying student characteristics and material needs. During the design phase, game flow, user interface, and educational content are created. The development phase includes game creation and validation by media and content experts. Implementation involves trials with students from SMK Negeri 5 Sidrap, and the evaluation phase assesses the effectiveness of the game in improving student interest and understanding of Arts Education material. The research findings indicate that the quiz-based educational game is valid and effective as an interactive learning media S

아이트래킹을 활용한 디지털교과서 인터페이스 주시패턴에 관한 연구 - 청각장애학생들을 중심으로

The Ministry of Education (2023) announced plans to introduce AI digital textbooks in 2025, aiming to provide personalized education and transform the educational paradigm towards interactive, self-directed learning. This study explores interface designs to enhance the immersion of digital textbooks for students with hearing impairments. Digital textbooks should be easily accessible to all users, including younger learners and those with disabilities. They can serve as effective tools to replace private tutoring, particularly for students with disabilities who often progress slower than their peers. The research employed two main methods. First, a literature review on special education students was conducted, analyzing the cognitive characteristics of students with hearing impairments, followed by a preliminary experiment to identify improvements. Second, an eye-tracking experiment analyzed scan paths and fixation times (heat maps). Based on validated data and in-depth interviews, guidelines were established. Findings indicated that students spent significantly more time on image and text areas in the interactive version(D1) of the digital textbook compared to the original version(D). Post-tests verified a positive effect on academic achievement. This study aims to alleviate some of the challenges faced by students with hearing impairments in acquiring English, enabling them to realize their potential and become members of the global community.

Assessing driver distraction from in-vehicle information system: an on-road study exploring the effects of input modalities and secondary task types

In-vehicle information system (IVIS) use is prevalent among young adults. However, their interaction with IVIS needs to be better understood. Therefore, an on-road study aims to explore the effects of input modalities and secondary task types on young drivers' secondary task performance, driving performance, and visual glance behavior. A 2 × 4 within-subject design was undertaken. The independent variables are input modalities (auditory-speech and visual-manual) and secondary task types (calls, music, navigation, and radio). The dependent variables include secondary task performance (task completion time, number of errors, and SUS), driving performance (average speed, number of lane departure warnings, and NASA-TLX), and visual glance behavior (average glance duration, number of glances, total glance duration, and number of glances over 1.6 s). The statistical analysis result showed that the main effect of input modalities is significant, with more distraction during visual-manual than auditory-speech. The main impact of secondary task types was also substantial across most metrics, aside from average speed and average glance duration. Navigation and music were the most distracting, followed by calls, and radio came in last. The distracting effect of input modalities is relatively stable and generally not moderated by the secondary task types, except radio tasks. The findings practically benefit the driver-friendly human–machine interface design, preventing IVIS-related distraction.

PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI LAYANAN BAGIAN UMUM (ALBUM 2.0) DALAM PENGELOLAAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA PADA DIREKTORAT JENDERAL HAK ASASI MANUSIA

This research aims to design the development of an information management system for State-Owned Goods (Barang Milik Negara) within government agencies as an effort to optimize internal supervision functions over the implementation of information systems and digitize the management process of State-Owned Goods. This research focuses on the Secretariat of the General Affairs Division of the Directorate General of Human Rights as the research object because the information system implemented by the General Affairs Division, namely the General Affairs Service Application (ALBUM), has problems based on the problem analysis and needs assessment conducted. This study uses Research and Development (R&D) design with the ADDIE model. The development phase is limited to the Design stage, involving the creation of Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) and User Interface designs using CANVA and FIGMA as tools to assist in the design development process. Based on the analysis results, there is a need for information system development in the General Affairs Service Application (ALBUM) in the aspect of internal service. The internal services that can be developed include the Inventory Items feature by adding a display for additional requested items, and the second development is the addition of a loan feature for State-Owned Goods. The design development aligns with the problem analysis and the needs derived from the information obtained. It is expected that the development carried out will optimize the internal supervision function over the implementation of the General Affairs Service Application (ALBUM) information system and in every aspect of the State-Owned Goods management process

Insight into photocatalytic chlortetracycline degradation by WO3/AgI S-scheme heterojunction: DFT calculation, degradation pathway and electron transfer mechanism

The construction of S-scheme heterojunction with excellent redox ability holds promising prospects for photocatalytic environment remediation. However, the rationally design of the heterojunction interface to achieve efficient charge transfer still faces challenges. In this study, we fabricated a tight-contacted S-scheme heterojunction by in situ anchoring AgI nanoparticles onto WO3 nanoplates. The significant difference in Fermi energy levels between WO3 and AgI results in the formation of a space charge region around the interface and bending of the energy band, facilitating directional migration and spatial separation of charge carriers. This contributes to enhanced generation of superoxide radicals (•O2−) and holes (h+) active species, leading to a significant increase in chlortetracycline (CTC) degradation rate. The apparent rate constant for CTC removal using the WO3/AgI (WA-2) is approximately 15 times higher than that observed for pure WO3. Furthermore, WA-2 exhibits universal degradation effects on tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation reveals the synergistic adsorption effect of WO3 and AgI on CTC and reactive oxygen species molecules. Based on Fukui function calculation of CTC molecules and degradation intermediates, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, photocatalytic degradation pathway over WO3/AgI was determined to be sequential demethylation followed by dechlorination and decarbonylation. These findings provide valuable insights into high-performance S-scheme heterojunctions interface design and elucidation of pollutant degradation mechanism.

Analyzing Riders’ Behavioral Adaptation to Driving Patterns of Advanced Autonomous Vehicles: A Virtual Reality Simulation Study

The necessity of human supervision and intervention during autonomous driving has long been a topic of controversial discussion. From a developer’s perspective, it is expected that users will readily adapt to well-calibrated autonomous driving systems (ADS) due to their superior performance in dynamic driving tasks (DDT) compared to conventional human-driven vehicles. However, when passengers experience an autonomous vehicle (AV), there may be an adjustment period during which they modify their behavior to accommodate the driving patterns of the ADS. Additionally, some passengers might not adapt to autonomous driving at all, highlighting potential limitations in the current ADS development strategy. This work studies the dynamics of human-automation interaction and introduces an “objective method”, which employs a Virtual Reality (VR)-enabled simulation approach for in-depth behavioral analysis concerning riders’ behavioral adaptation to autonomous driving. Specifically, we examined how participants interacted with and intervened in Level 4 ADS operating under conservative, moderate, and aggressive driving patterns in a fully autonomous environment. A realistic urban road network was recreated in VR, integrated with traffic microsimulation to generate various driving scenarios. Twenty-seven participants completed driving tasks across different AV modes, with their intervention behaviors analyzed in relation to traffic conditions and AV aggressiveness. Key findings include: (1) Participants showed higher intention to intervene but lower actual intervention rates under aggressive AV modes compared to moderate and conservative modes, suggesting quicker adaptation to more challenging driving scenarios. (2) Interventions generally proved unnecessary and sometimes detrimental to overall traffic performance in a full-AV environment. (3) Aggressive AV modes significantly improved traffic efficiency, with a 40% increase in average travel speed and a 53% reduction in waiting time. However, human interventions posed the greatest challenge to achieving optimal traffic conditions. This research provides insights into the complex dynamics of human-AV interaction and adaptation, offering valuable implications for AV interface design, implementation strategies, and public acceptance of autonomous driving technologies.