A Study of Key Factors Influencing the Usability of Smartphone Graphical User Interfaces for Older Adults

Abstract

This study investigates the key factors influencing the usability of smartphone graphical user interfaces (GUIs) among elderly users in Shanxi Province, China. A total of 1,111 healthy individuals aged 60-75 years participated in the study. Quantitative analysis methods, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and mediation and moderation analysis, were employed to examine the interactions between user characteristics (age, education, experience, health status) and GUI design factors (interface layout, text and icon design, feedback mechanisms, information presentation) about usability metrics (cognitive load, interaction barriers, user experience). The analysis revealed that both user characteristics and GUI design factors significantly impact usability outcomes. Specifically, GUI design factors were found to mediate the relationship between user characteristics and usability, while user characteristics moderated the effects of GUI design on usability. These findings underscore the necessity of tailored interface design to enhance user experience and promote digital inclusion among elderly populations. Practical recommendations include the use of larger and more readable text, simplified iconography, and clear, immediate feedback to users. Such adjustments can significantly improve usability and foster greater digital inclusion. This research contributes valuable insights to both theoretical understanding and practical applications in the design of age-appropriate mobile interfaces.