Interest Statement Research Articles

How Should Antibiotics Be Used in Primary and Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty? An Introduction

Joint arthroplasty is a highly successful surgical treatment for symptomatic arthritis of the hip and knee. Despite excellent pain relief and prosthesis survival of approximately 90% at 20 years, complications occur [[1]Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR)Hip, Knee & Shoulder Arthroplasty: 2021 Annual Report. AOA, Adelaide2021: 1-432https://aoanjrr.sahmri.com/annual-reports-2021Google Scholar]. Deep periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is among the top 2 causes of failure around the world after primary and revision, hip and knee replacement at both short-term and long-term follow-up [1Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR)Hip, Knee & Shoulder Arthroplasty: 2021 Annual Report. AOA, Adelaide2021: 1-432https://aoanjrr.sahmri.com/annual-reports-2021Google Scholar, 2Meyer J.A. Zhu M. Cavadino A. Coleman B. Munro J.T. Young S.W. Infection and periprosthetic fracture are the leading causes of failure after aseptic revision total knee arthroplasty.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021; 141: 1373-1383Crossref PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar, 3Le D.H. Goodman S.B. Maloney W.J. Huddleston J.I. Current modes of failure in TKA: infection, instability, and stiffness predominate.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014; 472: 2197-2200Crossref PubMed Scopus (183) Google Scholar]. In distinction to many other problems, such as dislocation and polyethylene wear that can be directly influenced by improvements in surgical technique and prosthesis design, surgeons may find it more frustrating to reduce surgical site infections. It is important to remember that appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics, introduced over 50 years ago, remains the single most effective intervention available [[4]Burke J.F. The effective period of preventive antibiotic action in experimental incisions and dermal lesions.Surgery. 1961; 50: 161-168PubMed Google Scholar]. In our well-intentioned pursuit of completely eliminating PJI we can sometimes fall victim to the more is better philosophy. Indeed, over the past few years we have seen the introduction of new delivery methods, dosing schedules, and adjunctive products that encourage us to expand our use of prophylactic antibiotics without conclusive evidence. Additionally, our own success has led us to implement change before results from level 1A studies are available. Although PJI remains a persistent concern, the absolute rate of PJI after hip and knee arthroplasty remains low. Consequently, proving the value of new interventions remains problematic due to the large number of patients and extended follow-up duration required for definitive studies [[5]Thompson K.M. Oldenburg W.A. Deschamps C. Rupp W.C. MD Smith C.D. Chasing zero: the drive to eliminate surgical site infections.Ann Surg. 2011; 254: 430-436Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar]. Furthermore, the distinctions among prophylactic, treatment, and suppressive use of antibiotics have become blurred at times. It is important to remember that overuse of antibiotics has potentially significant consequences including the emergence of antibiotic resistance at the individual and societal levels, and individual patient side effects that can have serious consequences, such as acute kidney injury and allergic reaction [[6]Kheir M.M. Dilley J.E. Ziemba-Davis M. Meneghini R.M. The AAHKS clinical research award: extended oral antibiotics prevent periprosthetic joint infection in high-risk cases: 3855 patients with 1-Year follow-up.J Arthroplasty. 2021; 36: S18-S25Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar]. In this series of papers, drawn from presentations from the AAHKS Annual Meeting Symposium: Antibiotic Use in Primary and Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, we will discuss the most effective uses of antibiotics before, during, and after surgery in order to reduce deep PJI. Each paper, authored by an expert in the field, will summarize the published data and clinical guidelines pertinent to the topic and distill the information to pragmatic advice that is ready for use in your practice. Download .docx (.02 MB) Help with docx files Conflict of Interest Statement for Clarke

A 57-year-old alcoholic woman with soft neck mass

A 57-year-old woman was diagnosed with an anterior cervical mass (figure 1). No peripheral neuropathy or cervical lymph nodes were detected from the physical examination. The mass has slowly and painlessly grown for 30 years with no dyspnea or dysphagia. She had a history of chronic alcohol consumption and heavy tobacco use for 25 years. No standard medications were taken.
 Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is a disease characterized by the accumulation of multiple, benign, symmetric, and nonencapsulated fatty tissue masses. This is more common in males (15:1) and in the Mediterranean population. Malignancy is rarely observed in this case. Masses can be found on the head and neck, including the upper trunk, shoulders, upper back, mediastinum, perineum, scrotum, and tongue. Besides the aesthetic effects, masses can cause airways or digestive compressive symptoms, as well as limitations in head or neck movements, urinating, or sexual intercourse. The involvement of peripheral nerves can cause neurological symptoms.
 
 Alcohol abuse has been long associated with this disease. A genetic cause has been suggested, but a hereditary pattern has not been identified in most cases. A link was suggested with liver disease, but there is no mention of liver abscess in the literature.
 
 The diagnostic is based on image finds. Solitary lipoma is a benign soft tissue tumor, rarely found in the neck region. It mostly occurs in females and obese patients, and it is enclosed by a fibrous capsule that helps to differentiate it from other fat aggregations. Liposarcoma represents 1% of neck and head sarcomas. Patients are mostly men and the medium age is 70 years. Familial multiple lipomatosis is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is manifested in the thirties and is more prevalent in females (2:1). In this case, the discrete multiple subcutaneous nodules are movable, painless, and soft and have no associated conditions.
 
 Lipectomy is the concerned treatment, but recurrence is common. Liposuction is an alternative to extensive lipectomy. No medicinal therapy is effective; however, alcohol abstinence can reduce the recurrence frequency.
 
 Clinics must be aware of this uncommon disease in order to diagnose it and treat it appropriately.
 
 Statement of Ethics
 Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.
 
 Conflict of Interest Statement
 The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
 
 Funding Sources
 The authors had no funding sources in the preparation of data or the manuscript.

Highlights of the 2021 American Joint Replacement Registry Annual Report.

Highlights of the 2021 American Joint Replacement Registry Annual Report.

COVID-19 and atherosclerosis: looking beyond the acute crisis

COVID-19 and atherosclerosis: looking beyond the acute crisis

Corrigendum: Evaluating South African Weather Service information on Idai tropical cyclone and KwaZulu-Natal flood events

Original article: https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/7911 The authors’ employment at the South African Weather Service (SAWS) was inadvertently omitted from the Competing Interests statement in the original article. All but one of the authors are employees of SAWS and were involved in the forecasting process or were in the section responsible for observations during the forecasting and observations of the weather events reported on.

Detecting deception using comparable truth baselines

ABSTRACT Baselining – comparing the statements of interest to a known truthful statement by the same individual – has been suggested to improve lie detection accuracy. A potential downside of baselining is that it might influence the characteristics of a subsequent statement, as was shown in previous studies. In our first experiment we examined this claim but found no evidence that a truthful baseline influenced the characteristics of a subsequent statement. Next, we investigated whether using a truthful baseline statement as a within-subject comparison would improve lie detection performance by investigating verbal cues (Experiment 1) and intuitive judgements of human judges (Experiment 2). Our exploratory analyses showed that truth tellers included more auditory and temporal details in their target statement than in their baseline than liars. Observers did not identify this verbal pattern. Exposure to a truthful baseline statement resulted in a lower truth accuracy but no difference in lie accuracy.

Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Alternative Payment Model Successes and Challenges.

Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Alternative Payment Model Successes and Challenges.

Regional Analgesia Does Not Reduce Cancer Recurrence. Case closed

Regional Analgesia Does Not Reduce Cancer Recurrence. Case closed

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statement in previously published article

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statement in previously published article

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of Interest Statement

Erratum regarding missing declaration of competing interest statement in previously published article

Erratum regarding missing declaration of competing interest statement in previously published article

UTILIZATION OF EYE TRACKING TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN AND MARKETING DECISION MAKING

Manuscript type: Original paper Research Aims: This study aims to reveal whether combination display affects fixation count and duration. Design/methodology/approach: This study used eye tracking methods in data collection and packaging design testing from the results of previous study. Respondents who participate were 40 people from teenagers and young adults. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by the amount of fixation and processed by the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test. Research Findings: From the statistical data on Baba Nana Brand, the average duration of the respondents did not show any difference in the study. However, the number of variables showed differences in the whole study. In other words, the respondent's gaze is quite a lot and often looks at the Baba Nana. It was revealed that the Baba Nana as a brand that is not yet on the market turned out to be quite attractive to respondents. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Utilization of eye tracking technology in design and marketing decision making. Practitioner/Policy Implication: Marketers can utilize eye tracking technology in making design and marketing decisions, mainly when launch a new product to the market. Research limitation/Implications:  Further research can study whether the fixation count and duration variable duration affects the consumer's statement of product interest.

Academic Orthodontic Opportunities

This listing of academic opportunities is provided as a free service to the profession and the community.Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental MedicineDepartment of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics635 Albany Street, Suite 754Boston, MA 02118Email applications to: willa@bu.eduRank: Clinical Assistant/Clinical Associate ProfessorRequirements: DMD/DDS degree or equivalent. Certificate of training in Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics from an accredited postodoctoral program. 1-3 years teaching experience in academic setting. Eligibility for licensure in the Commonwealth of MA.Must submit: CV, letter of interest, statement of career goals and academic interest, and leadership goals, and a statement of diversity, equity, and inclusion; 3 references with full contact information, including emails (contact pending permission).Harvard School of Dental MedicineDepartment of Developmental Biology, Division of Orthodontics188 Longwood AveBoston, MA 02115For more info contact: Linda_Ross@hsdm.harvard.eduPosition # 10035Apply online: https://academicpositions.harvard.edu/postings/10035Rank: Assistant or Associate Professor/Program Head, Advanced Graduate OrthodonticsRequirements: Candidates must possess a DMD or DDS degree from a CODA accredited dental school or equivalent, current or eligible for ABO certification, eligible for dental licensure in Massachusetts. Must be able to demonstrate background of clinical innovation and/or research in the field of Orthodontics. Must also demonstrate experience in teaching and clinical instruction and in related areas at advanced graduate level. Qualifications should include documented scholarly activity and/or clinical skills.Include Cover Letter, CV, 2 publications, names of 3 references.Position # 10016Apply online: https://academicpositions.harvard.edu/postings/10016Rank: Assistant or Associate ProfessorRequirements: Dental Degree (DMD or DDS) from CODA accredited dental school or equivalent and be eligible for dental licensure in Massachusetts. Advanced Graduate Training/Full ABO Certification preferred. 3 years academic experience a plus.Include Cover Letter, CV, 2 publications, names of 3 references.Medical University of South CarolinaJames B. Edwards College of Dental MedicineDepartment of Orthodontics173 Ashley Avenue, MSC 507Contact: Shelley Garvin, Faculty Coordinator843-793-3184 or garvins@musc.eduApply: http://academicdepartments.musc.edu/hr/Rank: Full Time, Academic Rank based on qualifications & commensurate with experience level.Requirements: DMD, DDS, advanced Orthodontic training with ABO eligibility. Expertise in didactic & clinical teaching, patient care, scholarship & program administration. Opportunities available for Intramural faculty practice.The University of WashingtonDepartment of Orthodontics, School, of Dentistry1959 NE Pacific StreetSeattle, WA 98195Apply Online: http://apply.interfolio.com/99231For more info: email: ellenal@uaw.eduPosition #99231Rank: Full-time Tenure-track Assistant Professor in OrthodonticsRequirements: DDS, DMD, or foreign equivalent in dentistry, and completion of a CODA-accredited advanced education program in Orthodontics. Diplomate status of the ABO preferred. Must show evidence of accomplishments demonstrating ability to innovate and create new effective models of learning and teaching in orthodontics, dentistry, and/or related sciences. Experience related to diversity, equity and inclusion, ability to integrate clinical knowledge and research, current and developing technology, and information from a broad range of fields is desired. Must demonstrate personal and professional skills needed to create collaborative implementation environment with the UW School of Dentistry faculty.Include: Letter of interest, CV, any published or unpublished research, evidence of teaching experience (if any), statement of past and planned contributions to diversity, equity and inclusion, three letters of reference.The Written Examination consists of multiple-choice questions related to the basic sciences, applied biomedical sciences, orthodontic theory, orthodontic practice, related dental disciplines and the orthodontic literature. Questions are developed from various sources by the ABO's Written Examination Committee. The committee formulates questions using the recommended reading list and referencing journals, textbooks and actual clinical case reports.In order to keep the examination relevant to orthodontics as it is practiced today, the ABO solicits questions from educators and residents across the country. These questions are reviewed and refined by the examination committee and then added to the bank of questions. The goal is to have thousands of questions in order to write multiple examinations for the computerization process. We invite you to submit potential examination questions by following the path below:www.americanboardortho.com >Orthodontic Professionals > Advocates and Educators > Submit Written Exam QuestionsThe ABO would like to thank you in advance for taking the time to help increase the relevance and validity of the ABO Written Examination.The ABO Written Examination Committee 401 North Lindbergh Blvd., Suite 300, St. Louis, MO 63141P: 314.432.6130 F: 314.432.8170Written@AmericanBoardOrtho.com

Evaluating the reproducibility of research in obstetrics and gynecology

ObjectiveReproducibility is a core tenet of scientific research. A reproducible study is one where the results can be recreated by using the same methodology and materials as the original researchers. Unfortunately, reproducibility is not a standard to which the majority of research is currently adherent. MethodsOur cross-sectional survey evaluated 300 trials in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Our primary objective was to identify nine indicators of reproducibility and transparency. These indicators include availability of data, analysis scripts, pre-registration information, study protocols, funding source, conflict of interest statements and whether or not the study was available via Open Access. ResultsOf the 300 trials in our sample, 208 contained empirical data that could be assessed for reproducibility. None of the trials in our sample provided a link to their protocols or provided a statement on availability of materials. None were replication studies. Just 10.58% provided a statement regarding their data availability, while only 5.82% provided a statement on preregistration. 25.85% failed to report the presence or absence of conflicts of interest and 54.08% did not state the origin of their funding. ConclusionIn the studies we examined, research in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology is not consistently reproducible and frequently lacks conflict of interest disclosure. Consequences of this could be far-reaching and include increased research waste, widespread acceptance of misleading results and erroneous conclusions guiding clinical decision-making.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of Interest Statement

AAP Publications Reaffirmed or Retired

This document is copyrighted and is property of the American Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial involvement in the development of the content of this publication.

Transparency in public pharmaceutical sector: the key informants\u2019 perceptions from a developing country

BackgroundPolicymaking in the pharmaceutical sector plays a pivotal role in achieving the health systems’ goals. Transparency in the pharmaceutical policy could increase confidence in decision-making processes. This study aims to assess transparency in the public pharmaceutical sector of Iran.MethodsThis qualitative study with a content analysis approach was conducted in 2017 using the World Health Organization tool to explore pharmaceutical transparency. The perceptions of the various stakeholders of the health system through semi-structured interviews with a maximum variation of stakeholders were obtained in eight functions, including registration, licensing, inspection, promotion, clinical trials, selection, procurement, and distribution of medicines.ResultsThere are some problems in two main categories: (1) General problems, including lack of transparency, conflict of interest, centralization, and monopoly. (2) Ethical problems include illegal payments, gifts, bribes, conflicts of interest, hidden power, hoarding, relationship-oriented behavior, medicine trafficking, and counterfeit medicine. Suggested solutions include evidence-based decision-making, the use of transparent and accountable processes, standardization, needs assessment, declaring a conflict of interest, skilled human resources, and tracking prescription.ConclusionDespite the development of effective pharmaceutical policy in the health care system and government interventions for the control of the market, in some functions, reviewing the pharmaceutical policy is essential. Additionally, declaring a conflict of interest statement must be at the core of policy development to provide greater transparency.

Emergency medicine: past, present, and future challenges

Emergency medicine: past, present, and future challenges

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of Interest Statement