Interest Organizations Research Articles

Varieties of work‐based higher education: France, Germany and the United States compared

AbstractIn recent years, higher education systems worldwide have been marked by a considerable expansion of work‐based higher education (WBHE), with the institutional spheres of academia, industry and state increasingly coming together. We take the case of WBHE to analyse institutional arrangements in the different skill formation systems of France, Germany and the United States. We ask: Which factors drive the development of WBHE programmes and how does their governance compare across the three distinct country settings? The study finds that the growth of WBHE in all three countries indicates a reconfiguration of education and training governance of high skills. Nonetheless, actor constellations, organizational interests and especially the degree of state intervention surrounding WBHE remain anchored in long‐standing national skill formation patterns.

Taxonomic Evaluation of Zingiberaceae

The order Scitaminales is generally accepted as a well-knit assemblage of closely related and highly advanced monocotyledons and forms a natural group. Among the families of the order, the Zingiberaceae are the largest and are best represented in India, there being 21 genera including more than 200 species.The family is of special interest from the taxonomic stand point. On the basis of morphological differences, Schumann (1904) divided the Zingiberaceae into two subfamilies : the Zingiberoideae with many genera and Gostoidae with four genera namely, Costus (tropics), Monocostus (Peru), Dimerocostus (tropical America) and Tapeinochilus (Tabutu). The Costoideae differs from the rest of the family in showing vegetative and floral organization that is unique among the flowering plants. Therefore, morphologically, they form a natural group that deserves the status of a subfamily.It is accepted that taxonomy should be based on evidences from as many disciplines as possible in the final evaluation of its units. But among the Costoideae, only Costus has been studied in detail. As the other genera of the Costoideae agree with Costus in anatomy, Tomlinson (1956) considers it reasonable to assume that the features that serve to distinguish Costus from the Zingiberaceae are equally diagnostic for the Costoidae as a whole. A list of diagnostic characters obtained from various disciplines are given in table I. These evidences also reveal that Costoideae is distinct and forms a natural group deserving the rank of a subfamily.Certain-outstanding feature of the Costoideae are unique not only to the family, but also to the order Scitaminales as a whole. Perhaps, because of these Tomlinson (1956) has suggested that the Costoideae may possibly be given a family rank. However, although Tomlinson’s view is really encouraging, it is necessary to study the features of other genera of the Costoideae, with respect to various disciplines, in order to decide such an issue, instead of depending on the results obtained only on Costus.The Zingiberaceae is further subdivided into three tribes Globbeae, Hedychieae and Zingibereae on the basis of the nature of lateral staminodes and the ovary. For the taxonomic consideration of tribes, there are no adequate data. However, it can be said that further research in the divergent fields on many more genera may only help in solving the taxonomic problems.To a systematist the four families of the Scitaminales show an interesting floral organization, although they form a natural group because of certain morphological features common to all the families. A line of reduction in the number of stamens and ovules can be recognised in this order. The data available from various disciplines are too inadequate to verify the prevailing systematic arrangement of the families of the order. Nevertheless, the available embryological data consolidated in the table II unmistakably speak of a common ancestry of the families and their grouping in the order Scitaminales. At the same time certain distinguishing features of each family are probably suggestive of a family rank for each of them.

Modern Problems and Ways of Development of Public Customs Control in Russia

Annotation. The article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems and ways of development of public customs control in Russia. The role and importance of the institution of public control in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation, protection and defense of the system of constitutional principles, the system of human and civil rights and freedoms, as well as the rights and legitimate interests of public associations and other non-governmental non-profit organizations is substantiated. The analysis of points of view in scientific and educational literature on the possibility of public customs control in Russia, its grounds and limits is carried out. The possibility and necessity of functioning of public control in the customs sphere are substantiated, the author's definition of the concept of “public customs control” is given. The modern problems hindering the implementation of public customs control in Russia are formalized and analyzed: the lack of formalization of this institution of civil society in the Constitution of the country; the failure to consolidate the institution of public customs control in customs legislation; the removal from the subject of Federal Law dated of 21.02.2014 № 212-FL “On the Basics of Public Control in the Russian Federation” of objects related to the field of law enforcement agencies (including customs); the lack of development in the Russian scientific legal doctrine of specific forms, methods and types of measures of public customs control; weak powers of its subjects; weak material and technical database of subjects; weak use of positive foreign experience of civil society control in the customs sphere in their work. The resolution of these problems will require, in particular: the incorporation of the institution of public control into the Basic Law of the country, and its varieties in the customs sphere into the legislation on public control; the expansion of the powers of subjects of public customs control and the development of the material and technical base of their activities, taking into account the positive foreign experience of civil society control in the customs sphere; the organization by the Public Chamber of the country of scientific- practical research on the development of specific forms, methods and types of public customs control measures.

Public Control as a Tool for Combating Crime

The article is devoted to the analysis of the place and role of the institution of public control in the system of tools to combat crime. This institution of civil society is analyzed as the most important legal guarantee for the implementation, protection and defense of the system of constitutional principles in Russia, as well as the system of human and civil rights and freedoms, the rights and legitimate interests of numerous public associations and other non-governmental non-profit organizations. The authors substantiate the importance of the institution of public control in the Russian Federation as a tool for the prevention and suppression of crimes. At the same time, the role of this institution of civil society is particularly highlighted as a tool in the fight against corruption and other crimes committed by officials of public authorities, state and municipal organizations, and other bodies and organizations that exercise certain public powers on the basis of federal laws. The article formalizes and explores the main problems that impede the use of the institution of public control in the fight against crime in the Russian Federation, in particular due to: the lack of mention of this institution of civil society in the Basic Law of Russia; imperfect legislation on public control; weak powers of its subjects; removing from the scope of the Federal Law of dated of 21.06.2014 № 212-FL “On the Fundamentals of Public Control in the Russian Federation” the activities, acts and decisions of the majority of Russian law enforcement agencies, as well as types of public relations where there is a high crime rate; weak funding from the budgets of all levels of activities of subjects of public control; weak use of positive foreign experience of civil society institutions in the fight against crime; insufficient use of modern information and communication technologies. The authors have developed and justified a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by: incorporating public control into the Constitution of Russia; developing a system of federal laws devoted to the organization and implementation of public control in relation to the activities, acts and decisions of the country's law enforcement agencies; expanding the powers of subjects of public control; active use of foreign positive experience of civil society participation in the fight against crime; development of a system of federal programs for organizational, legal, financial, technical support for the institution of public control in Russia.

Профессиональные риски в адвокатской деятельности

Advocates in their activities face numerous risks that cannot but affect the effectiveness of protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and organization. The purpose of the article is to identify these risks and explore ways to minimize them both within the framework of legislative activity, and in theory and practice. Increasing the level of legal awareness and legal culture of society is also inextricably linked with overcoming by representatives of the legal profession, including advocates, those challenges that pose professional risks to them.

GREEN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION OF PRACTICES IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONS

Environmental concerns have a significant impact on human resource training for green companies. This chapter introduces Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), an approach to HRM that aims to bring harmony to the interests of individuals, society, and organizations. This paper offers out a theoretical framework for green HR strategies with the goal of increasing efficiency and competitiveness. Keywords: Green Human Resources Management, GHRM, Environmental Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Recruitment, Eco-Friendly Training, Sustainable Employee Engagement, Performance Management, Leadership, Organizational Culture, Stakeholder Engagement.

A Method to Assess and Explain Changes in Sub‐Daily Precipitation Return Levels From Convection‐Permitting Simulations

AbstractReliable projections of extreme future precipitation are fundamental for risk management and adaptation strategies. Convection‐permitting models (CPMs) explicitly resolve large convective systems and represent sub‐daily extremes more realistically than coarser resolution models, but present short records due to the high computational costs. Here, we evaluate the potential of a non‐asymptotic approach, the Simplified Metastatistical Extreme Value (SMEV) to provide information on the future change of extreme sub‐daily return levels based on CPM simulations. We focus on a complex‐orography area in the North Eastern Italy and use three 10‐year time periods COSMO‐crCLIM simulations (2.2 km resolution) under RCP8.5 scenario. When compared to a block r‐maxima approach currently used in similar applications, the proposed approach shows reduced uncertainty in rare return level estimates (about 5%–10% smaller confidence interval) and can improve the quantification of future changes from CPM simulations. We evaluate these changes and their statistical significance in return levels for 1–24 hr durations. The changes show an interesting spatial organization associated with orography, with significant positive changes located at high elevations. These positive changes tend to increase with increasing return period and decreasing duration. Because SMEV can separate the roles of event intensity and occurrence, it allows for physical interpretations of these changes. We suggest that non‐asymptotic approaches permit the quantification of change in rare extremes within available CPM runs.

STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF MILITARY OPERATIONS: UKRAINIAN EXPERIENCE

The purpose of the article is to study the strategic aspects of human resource management in the context of military operations and to substantiate the ways to minimise the negative effects of permanent crisis phenomena. Theoretical research has shown that when quarantine is lifted and during martial law, it is not about increasing the company's efficiency, but about how not to lose it. The research forms the theoretical and methodological basis for the practical aspects of HR management under martial law, but further study is needed to adapt the methods of HR management of organisations and enterprises to the conditions of military operations. An important aspect of management is to create conditions for the development of innovation, team spirit and the pursuit of high quality. Encouraging employees to be flexible in the interests of an adaptive organisation and continuously improving the quality of work are key. In addition, it is important to maintain working conditions that guarantee a high level of employee health and safety. By summarising theoretical studies and expert assessments, the article provides general approaches to the development of a human resources management strategy in the context of armed conflict. In the context of a permanent armed conflict localised in certain regions, it is important to have sufficiently qualified and trained personnel capable of effectively performing the tasks assigned. It is substantiated that motivation and recognition are important factors of personnel management in organisations. Ensuring the safety of personnel is the main task in wartime. The importance of effective internal communications in wartime increases significantly. The conditions of armed conflict can change very quickly, making flexibility and adaptability important qualities in human resources management. Organisations need to be prepared for rapid changes in plans and objectives, as well as changes in staffing levels. Effective management and leadership can ensure staff cohesion and motivation and ensure that tasks are completed successfully. Organisations should be prepared for changes in plans and strategies, as well as in the composition of their staff. The use of integrated approaches to strategy development will help organisations to effectively manage their workforce in times of war and ensure the functioning of their organisations.

Determining directions for transforming the organization's competence structure depending on its life cycle stage in the context of enabling effective operation in the market

The object of research is the process of functioning of organizations at different stages of the life cycle (LC). Papers addressing the management of organizations ignore the need for them to acquire competence to successfully solve the tasks of each stage. This directed the research to the definition of priority management tasks, determined by the nature of activity at different stages of LC, and the competencies necessary for their solution. The directions of the transformation of the structure of organizational competence due to the change in the frequency of reference by heads of organizations to its members in the process of solving tasks have been determined. The importance of functional and basic component competencies at the birth stage was noted (36.7 and 38.7 % of reference in the total number). The increase in the frequency of reference to the competencies of synergistic, key, and strategic components (3.4; 2.2; 1.66 times) at the stage of intensive growth is explained by the organization gaining authority in business circles, the possibility of its use for lobbying organizational interests. Among the competences at the stage of maturity, representatives of the synergistic and functional components prevail – the increase in the frequency of reference by 1.44 and 1.1 times, respectively. The share of reference to the competences of the basic component is also high (40 %). At the stage of decline, functional and basic competencies remained important (36.9 and 39.5 %), in particular, the competencies of managers in ensuring the most painless liquidation of the organization. A distinctive feature of the study is the addition of the procedure for determining the stage of LC with a list of priority tasks and the competencies necessary for their solution. This made it possible to understand the directions of the transformation of competence, to identify the need for the development of competences due to the organization's position on the life cycle curve or its change

Explaining the barriers faced by veterinarians against preventing antimicrobial resistance: an innovative interdisciplinary qualitative study

BackgroundConsidering the significance of increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its adverse effects on individual and social health and the important and effective role that veterinarians play in controlling this growing issue worldwide, it is essential to have effective preventive control programs. To this aim, the first step is to identify the factors behind the prevalence of AMR in Iran and the barriers veterinarians face to controlling this problem. Thus, the present study was conducted to explain the barriers veterinarians faced in the prevention of AMR from an Iranian veterinarian’s perspective.MethodsThe present research was done in three cities in Iran in 2021. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 veterinarians selected through purposive and snowball sampling and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe data analysis results were classified into 4 main categories and 44 subcategories. The former included: educational factors, administrative/legal factors, client-related factors, and veterinarian-related factors.ConclusionsThe increased AMR can be approached from multiple aspects. Considering the different factors that affect the increased AMR, it is necessary to consider them all through effective planning and policy-making at multi-level and multidisciplinary dimensions. There is special attention needed to scientific and practical interventions at the individual, interpersonal, social, and even political levels. At the same time, measures should be taken to rehabilitate and maintain the health of society to strengthen supervision and attract the full participation of interested organizations.

The Influence of The Institution of Public Control on The Economic Development of The State

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the institution of public control on the economic development of the state. The role and place of this institution of civil society in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation, protection and defense of both constitutional principles and the system of human and civil rights and freedoms, the rights and legitimate interests of public associations and other non-governmental non-profit organizations is substantiated. The system of factors influencing the economic development of the state is investigated. The place of public control in this system of factors is analyzed. The main directions of the impact of this institution of civil society on the economic development of Russia are being studied. The main problems that hinder the optimization of the processes of the impact of public control on the economic development of Russia are formalized and analyzed, in particular: the lack of formalization of this institution of civil society in the Constitution of the country; failure to include among the principles, goals and objectives of public control those aimed at ensuring the economic development of Russia; on the development in the Russian scientific doctrine of public control of forms, methods and types of public control measures aimed at ensuring, on the one hand, the implementation of the economic rights and freedoms of citizens, economic rights and legitimate interests of legal entities, and on the other hand, the economic development of the country as a whole ; lack of real powers among subjects of public control; their weak economic base; weak use in their work of positive foreign experience in the functioning of civil society institutions in the sphere of control over the apparatus of public power. The authors have developed and justified a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by: formalizing public control in the Russian Constitution; development and consolidation in the legislation on public control of the principles, goals and objectives of public control aimed at ensuring the economic development of the country; organization by the Civic Chamber of Russia of scientific and practical research on the forms, methods and types of public control measures aimed at ensuring the implementation of economic rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, as well as the economic development of the country; expanding the powers of subjects of public control; strengthening their economic base; development of legislation on public control based on positive foreign experience in this area.

Ethical Considerations in HR Decision Making: Balancing Organizational Interests with Employee Rights

Ethical Considerations in HR Decision Making: Balancing Organizational Interests with Employee Rights

Implementation opportunities and challenges to piloting a community-based drug-checking intervention for sexual and gender minority men in Vancouver, Canada: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn response to the overdose crisis, a collaborative group of two community-based organizations, a health authority and a research institute in Vancouver, Canada, implemented a pilot community-based drug checking (CBDC) intervention for sexual and gender minority (SGM) men. This study identified key factors that influenced the implementation of the CBDC intervention, including opportunities and challenges.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with seven pertinent parties involved in the CBDC, including policymakers, researchers and representatives from community-based organizations. These interviews were coded and analyzed using domains and constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.ResultsWhile drug-related stigma was identified as a challenge to deliver drug checking services, participants described the context of the overdose crisis as a key facilitator to engage collaboration between relevant organizations (e.g., health authorities, medical health officers, community organizations) to design, resource and implement the CBDC intervention. The implementation of the CBDC intervention was also influenced by SGM-specific needs and resources (e.g., lack of information about the drug supply). The high level of interest of SGM organizations in providing harm reduction services combined with the need to expand drug checking into community spaces represented two key opportunities for the CBDC intervention. Here, SGM organizations were recognized as valued partners that fostered a broader culture of harm reduction. Participants’ emphasis that knowing the composition of one’s drugs is a “right to know”, particularly in the context of a highly contaminated illicit drug market, emerged as a key implementation factor. Lastly, participants emphasized the importance of involving SGM community groups at all stages of the implementation process to ensure that the CBDC intervention is appropriately tailored to SGM men.ConclusionsThe context of the overdose crisis and the involvement of SGM organizations were key facilitators to the implementation of a drug checking intervention in SGM community spaces. This study offers contextualized understandings about how SGM knowledge and experiences can contribute to implement tailored drug checking interventions.

The system functions of direct democracy - a ranking of 103 countries in the world

We introduce a new framework of the functions of direct democracy within a democratic political system. These are: (1) channeling political input into the decision-making arenas by circumventing organized interests (input function), (2) channeling political issues out of the representative decision-making system (exit function), and (3) producing decisions about political questions (decision function). Based on the analysis of 277 instruments of direct democracy on the national level in 103 countries around the world, we find that the input and exit functions are rather unbalanced in their dynamics. The exit function shows a tendency to strengthen the concentration of power, whereas the input function rarely allows for access to both decision-making arenas. However, once issues reach the referendum, the impact is often strong, and only a small minority of states conduct referendums without any formal consequences. Beyond these results, the presented approach allows to start long-time observations of the state of direct democracy in democratic systems.

Paratextual reframing of visual elements in Al Jazeera’s coverage of the 2022 conflict between Russia and Ukraine

Since it started in February 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian War has gained the interest of numerous news organizations. The reframing of visual elements of ten news items about the Russian-Ukrainian War is examined in this study. The Arabic versions are extracted from the Al Jazeera website, while the original articles were taken from The Atlantic and Foreign Affairs. Baker’s narrative theory is used in this paper (Baker, 2018). Comparing the visual elements in the English articles to their Arabic equivalents allowed researchers to pinpoint how they are paratextually reframed in the translated versions. The findings showed that Al Jazeera occasionally produces various, varied, and incongruent interpretations of the narrative. This could lead to multiple and, occasionally, dissimilar perspectives on the same story. The findings showed that Al Jazeera utilized paratextual reframing strategies involving visual elements, such as images, videos, and typographical features, to reframe the Russian-Ukrainian War. The research suggests that while the original media outlets initially framed the war according to their agenda, Al Jazeera altered this frame in the translated text. As a result, the target audience’s perception of the event under examination may change during the entire process.

Keeping up appearances: US domestic extremist organizations and the effects of membership on domestic terrorism perpetrators

ABSTRACT Within the broader discussion of US domestic terrorism, the impact of formal extremist groups on the behaviour of perpetrators of ideologically motivated crime stands as a key albeit under examined issue. Radicalization and terrorism have long been understood as group-driven processes, yet the degree and rate of group affiliation among US extremist offenders is highly variable, especially in the context of rising instances of lone actor attacks. This raises the question of the role that group affiliation plays in relation to perpetrators of extremist violence. For while discourse surrounding domestic terrorism has largely classified these organizations as facilitators or enablers of radicalization and extremist violence, patterns in recent years suggest these groups may in fact do the opposite and dampen the violent impulses of their members to preserve their organizational interests. This paper presents an analysis of data adapted from the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) dataset as well as original data and finds that membership in formal extremist groups does appear to create a moderating effect on perpetrators of ideologically motivated crime, reducing the probability of group members in engaging in violence.

Equinins as Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptides Isolated from the Cnidarian Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758).

Sea anemones are valuable for therapeutic research as a diversified source of bioactive molecules, due to their diverse bioactive molecules linked to predation and defence mechanisms involving toxins and antimicrobial peptides. Acid extracts from Actinia equina tentacles and body were examined for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. The peptide fractions showed interesting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (up to 0.125 µg/mL) against the tested pathogens. Further investigation and characterization of tentacle acid extracts with significant antimicrobial activity led to the purification of peptides through reverse phase chromatography on solid phase and HPLC. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide activity was found in 40% acetonitrile fractions. The resulting peptides had a molecular mass of 2612.91 and 3934.827 Da and MIC ranging from 0.06 to 0.20 mg/mL. Sequencing revealed similarities to AMPs found in amphibians, fish, and Cnidaria, with anti-Gram+, Gram-, antifungal, candidacidal, anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenemase-producing, vancomycin-resistant bacteria, and multi-drug resistant activity. Peptides 6.2 and 7.3, named Equinin A and B, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro towards the above-mentioned bacterial pathogens. Equinin B exerted interesting antibacterial activity (MIC and bactericidal concentrations of 1 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively) and gene organization supporting its potential in applied research.

Construed Organizational Ethical Climate and Whistleblowing Behavior: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Person-Organization Value Congruence and Ethical Leader Behavior.

An organizational ethical climate enhances the degree of collaboration and cohesion among employees and facilitates the development and interests of organizations. Such roles lead to organizational sustainable development and survival. Therefore, the importance of ethical climate in organizations is becoming increasingly apparent. In this background, this study aims to explore whether an organizational ethical climate can improve whistleblowing behavior and the mediating role of organizational identification in promoting whistleblowing behavior. Most previous studies have only focused on the mediating or moderating role of the model. This study expands the research field, adds the dual moderation of person-organization value congruence and leader ethical behavior, and verifies two moderated mediation models. Overall, the purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of employees under the influence of an organizational ethical climate and, on this basis, propose suggestions for strengthening organizational ethical climate, expanding the scope of research on organizational climate and providing a theoretical basis for related research. In order to achieve the research goals, the data were collected from 344 Chinese SMEs for empirical analysis. The results showed that an organizational ethical climate has no direct impact on whistleblowing behavior but could have a positive effect on whistleblowing formation through the mediating variable of organizational identification. In addition, person-organization value congruence and leader ethical behavior significantly moderated the mediating role of organizational identification between organizational ethical climate and whistleblowing behavior. Finally, the directions that can contribute to future research were suggested.

Public control over migrant workers in Russia: to the problem statement

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems of the organization and implementation of public control over migrant workers in the Russian Federation. The authors argue that public control is the leading institution of civil society, which is the most important legal guarantee for the implementationand protection of both the system of constitutional principles and the entire system of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens and non-governmental non-profit organizations. The paper substantiates the position that public control measures should be carried out in relation to: authorized public authorities in the field of migration relations; enterprises, institutions and organizations that invite, import and use foreign citizens as labor, as well as stateless persons who previously lived abroad; labor migrants themselves; formal (registered in The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation), and informal public associations of migrant workers. In the course of writing this scientific article, a number of general and private scientific research methods were used, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The article develops and substantiates a system of measures to optimize the processes of organizing and implementing public control over the above-mentioned objects related to labor migration, including by: formalizing public control in the Constitution as well as in legislation on public control; determining the list of subjects of public control authorized to organize and conduct public control in relation to the above-mentioned public relations; obliging any subjects employing foreigners and stateless persons to create trade union organizations; conducting scientific and practical research in the above-mentioned sphere of public control; incorporation into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation of measures of responsibility for countering the legitimate activities of representatives of subjects of public control in the field of labor migration; strengthening the organizational, legal and logistical base of subjects of public control in this area.

Volunteers in bioequivalence clinical trials: premises for participation. Part 2

The article presents the results of interviews with volunteers in order to study their motivation to participate in clinical trials of the bioequivalence phase, their experience of such participation, as well as opinions regarding the organization of clinical trials in the Russian Federation. The results of the study demonstrate a high level of interest among volunteers to regularly participate in bioequivalence studies due to their relative safety for health, as well as financial interest and comfortable organization of the research process. The article describes the socio-demographic profile of a “bioequivalence phase volunteer.”