Interdisciplinary Relationships Research Articles

Analysis of Interdisciplinary Integration in Music Culture Lessons

Based on the content of issues on the structuring of music lessons in interdisciplinary relationships, this article provides examples of several ways in which music lessons might be structured so that they are relevant to students in grades 5–7 studying natural sciences.

Developing Lexical Competence in Educational Institutions

This article is importance of lexical skills in the context of interdisciplinary relations as an integral part of the lexical competence of a foreign language is emphasized, their specificity and conditions of formation are described, based on the advantage of constructing a lexical competence of a foreign language on an interdisciplinary basis. This involves taking into account the linguistic characteristics of the students as well as the educational and cognitive activities.

Orthosurgical approach of a skeletal class III malocclusion with mandibular laterognathia: a case report.

Skeletal class III malocclusion is characterized by an evident disharmony and discrepancy between the maxilla and mandible, affecting facial appearance and masticatory function. Usually, the association of transversal and vertical anomalies along with the anteroposterior problem makes the orthodontist's job perceived as a challenge. The ortho-surgical approach can be considered as an efficient alternative for the treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion, and it requires an interdisciplinary relationship between the orthodontist and a maxillofacial surgeon. This case report presents a 25-year-old female patient who consulted with a chief complaint of unsatisfactory facial esthetics. The clinical examination revealed a skeletal class III mainly due to maxilla hypoplasia accompanied with mandibular laterognathism, causing a unilateral posterior crossbite. The patient was treated with the ortho-surgical approach. The treatment objectives were achieved, providing a stable class I occlusion with an acceptable overjet and overbite, coordinated midlines, and a satisfactory facial profile with an excellent esthetic balance between the hard and soft tissue.

Defining the Riddle in Order to Solve It: There Is More Than One "Parkinson's Disease".

More than 200 years after James Parkinsondescribed a clinical syndrome based on his astute observations, Parkinson's disease (PD) has evolved into a complex entity, akin to the heterogeneity of other complex human syndromes of the central nervous system such as dementia, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Clinicians, pathologists, and basic science researchers evolved arrange of concepts andcriteria for the clinical, genetic, mechanistic, and neuropathological characterization of what, in their best judgment, constitutes PD. However, these specialists have generated and used criteria that are not necessarily aligned between their different operational definitions, which may hinder progress in solving the riddle of the distinct forms of PD and ultimately how to treat them. This task force has identified current in consistencies between the definitions of PD and its diverse variants in different domains: clinical criteria, neuropathological classification, genetic subtyping, biomarker signatures, and mechanisms of disease. This initial effort for "defining the riddle" will lay the foundation for future attempts to better define the range of PD and its variants, as has been done and implemented for other heterogeneous neurological syndromes, such as stroke and peripheral neuropathy. We strongly advocate for a more systematic and evidence-based integration of our diverse disciplines by looking at well-defined variants of the syndrome of PD. Accuracy in defining endophenotypes of "typical PD" across these different but interrelated disciplines will enable better definition of variants and their stratification in therapeutic trials, a prerequisite for breakthroughs in the era of precision medicine. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Is it Safe to Undergo Orthodontic Therapy in Periodontitis Patient? A Review and a Case-Report

The interdisciplinary relationship between periodontics and orthodontics is a highly demanding, complex clinical need of the time which requires meticulous diagnosis, treatment planning for successful long-term prognosis. The periodontal status of even young patients has been altered so it is of utmost importance that orthodontic patients has to be ruled out suffering from plaque induced gingivitis and compromised periodontal status. It is the role of the orthodontist to screen the disease, make provisional diagnosis and refer to a periodontist for immediate treatment as without periodontal therapy the severity and extent of the disease may progress. So, the orthodontist has a great role in bringing up awareness not only before starting the appliance therapy, but also during and after the active mechanotherapy. This paper has emphasized the potential of orthodontic therapy in improving or degrading periodontal health and so the relevance of periodontal planning prior and during orthodontic treatment. Key Words: Interdisciplinary, Periodontics, Orthodontics, Plaque related gingivitis

Music editing in the aspect of interdisciplinary connections (according to pages of foreign studies)

Statement of the problem. Editing of a musical work and editorial activity as such is an integral part of the music-historical process. This is the area of musicological activity that, being at the junction of composer creativity and performing interpretation, can tell a lot: to point out the peculiarities of the genre in a certain historical period, to reveal the level of technical skill of the musicians, the canons of the performance style and sound image of the instrument, to mark figurative and substantive priorities. Since the second half of the 20th century, research on the topic of music editing has been spreading, in which the emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary connections of musicology and philology (Brett, 1988; Bent, 1994; Grier, 1996; Hammond, 2007). In Ukrainian musicology (Hryschenko, 2015; V. & I. Khodorovski, 2016; Zymohliad, 2016: Pankova, 2013; Ekman, 2018; Zapevalova, 2021 and other), music editing was mostly considered on the materials of piano works through the analysis of the work of musician-editor on a music piece. Objectives, methods, and novelty of the research. However, we note the insufficiency of disclosure of this direction that requires further in-depth study. This determines the relevance and novelty of the article, which include systematized analytical results of research of the second half of the 20th‒beginning of the 21st century on the issues of music editing, in the aspect of connections between musicology and philology. The purpose of the article is to systematize the research materials of a number of foreign authors on the study of the phenomenon of music editing from the standpoint of interdisciplinary connections. The article uses the historical method, which reveals the peculiarities of the origin and formation of the process of music editing and its development as a phenomenon; methods of terminological analysis, generalization and systematization, in connection with the study of the positions of researchers in the disclosure of the above-mentioned problems. Results and conclusion. When developing the idea of interdisciplinary relations – musicology and philology in the field of editing – a Canadian Researcher J. Grier (1996 ) considers the ‘methods of critical assessment’ and ‘composition socialization’ to be the most effective for musicology. The literary term ‘philological monument’ projected by J. Grier onto a musical composition of the past, which consolidated in musical and performing practices on the rights of a canon, is equally important and relevant. In the work by S. L. Hammоnd (2006: 2), which covers the investigation of madrigal vocal art within the context of 15th‒17th century culture, the significant role of the figure of editor is emphasized, which could be played by a performer, a composer, a music teacher, a music publisher or a poet (the translator of the Italian texts). Each of them could complement the original work by their own vision acting as a co author. Consequently, changes and adjustments contributed by the editor were made for the contemporary consumers in order to popularize the musical works. The necessity of musical material distribution, often under the conditions of other cultural traditions, its adaptation to the performance realities of the other period, the pursuit for the interpretation of author’s intentions reflected in the creation of editorial versions directed on socialization of compositions and their further spread.

Activating supply chain business models' value potentials through Systems Engineering

AbstractNew business opportunities, driven by smart digitalization technology and initiatives such as Industry 4.0, significantly change business models and their innovation rate. The complexity of methodologies developed in recent decades for balancing exploration and exploitation activities of digital transformation has risen. Still, the desired integration levels across organizational levels were often not reached. Systems thinking promises to holistically consider interdisciplinary relationships and objectives of various stakeholders across supply chain ecosystems. Systems theory‐based concepts can simultaneously improve value identification and aligned transformation among supply networks’ organizational and technical domains. Hence, the study proposes synthesizing management science concepts such as strategic alignment with enterprise architecture concepts and artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven business process optimization to increase innovation productivity and master the increasing rate of business dynamics at the same time. Based on a critical review, the study explores concepts for innovation, transformation, and alignment in the context of Industry 4.0. The essence has been compiled into a systems engineering‐driven framework for agile value generation on operational processes and high‐order capability levels. The approach improves visibility for orchestrating sustainable value flows and transformation activities by considering the ambidexterity of exploring and exploiting activities and the viability of supply chain systems and sub‐systems. Finally, the study demonstrates the need to harmonize these concepts into a concise methodology and taxonomy for digital supply chain engineering.

Law and Ecology: Interdependence of Scientific Fields in Teaching a Jurist

Introduction . The global environmental crisis unfolding nowadays requires changes not only in the policies of the single states, but also in the public worldview, because the laws, even most perfect, are not able to change the situation if citizens reject laws’ basic postulates. If the society is convinced that nature exists exclusively for satisfying the economic demands in natural resources and its only function is to serve people’s needs, the attempts to stop poaching or reduce the number of unauthorised waste dumps will never achieve the goal. The aim of the study is to determine the disputable aspects in legal regulation of the environmental education, its organisational and methodological problems, the issues of ecological worldview formation in law ecologists through extending the interdisciplinary relations and some other issues. Materials and Methods . Legal, organisational, worldview, methodological and other aspects of the environmental and law education development in the Russian Federation are considered using the scientific knowledge methods generally accepted in Russia: general scientific (dialectical method) and specific scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, concrete- historical, logical methods, etc.). Results . The systematisation of the modern problems of the environmental and law education in Russia has been carried out, the recommendations on improvement of its efficiency have been outlined. In the course of the research, the authors have paid special attention to the review of concepts of nature and society interaction, enabling to form students’ worldview adequate to the modern environmental threats. In the article the concepts of sustainable development, “green” economy, the theory of climate change and the concept of cyclic economy are analysed. Discussion and Conclusions. To increase the efficiency of the Russian environmental and law education, the complex of multidirectional measures of legal, organisational, methodological and other scope is required, which would bring modern law education closer to solving the environmental problems of the XXI century. The conducted research has theoretical and practical significance and is targeted at persons engaged in professional training of future jurists.

Innovative educational environment as a branding tool

The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to investigate the impact of an innovative educational environment on the formation of a positive image, reputation and promotion of an education institution brand. Analysis results. Building and managing a brand in today’s challenges is one of the key tasks of forming a sustainable position of an education institution, because it is the construction of an innovative educational environment that is aimed at implementing a development strategy and global collaboration. The article considers the activity of the Language center “Lingua Hub”, a structural unit of Cherkasy State Business College, as one of the branding tools used by an education institution to enhance its competitiveness in the market of educational services. Today, the Language Center is a branding tool, a business card for stakeholders, a career orientation tool for potential applicants and interested people, etc., which is formed in accordance with the development strategy and brand creation of the education institution. The article analyzes the impact of the unit's activities on the development of international cooperation, establishment of partnership relations and implementation of educational projects and determines the main target audience and ways of communication with it. The features of interdisciplinary relations in the construction of the strategy of intercultural communications, the establishment of international partnerships and their influence on the formation of the image and brand of the education institution are highlighted. The authors consider brand management in the conditions of modern challenges and focus on the importance to follow the principles of building a successful brand, such as flexibility and adaptability to changes, loyalty to consumers of educational services, social activity, the ability to take risks and experiment. The digital component is separately highlighted as a branding tool of an innovative educational environment, which provides an opportunity to expand the target audience of brand consumers in a virtual dimension, and helps to eliminate a psychological barrier in communication, erase boundaries and increases economic efficiency.The developed brand strategy is aimed at the transition to digital branding, which contributes to the acquisition of a new status of the use of interactive communications, the acquisition of new forms of creative content, an effective tool of which is SMM. This provides an opportunity to communicate and receive feedback through social networks and SEO - promotion of the website of the education institution among search engines, which simplifies the search for the Language Center page by keyword. Special attention is paid to the use of digital tools and the creation of a virtual space for organizing the activities of the structural unit. In particular, the application of digital learning technologies through the use of mobile applications, social networks, educational platforms, cloud services, etc. simplifies the exchange of information and communication of participants in the educational process and provides the possibility of remote learning from anywhere in the world. The use of various marketing communication tools strengthens the internal and external components of branding. In particular, the management of the education institution is improved, the quality of the educational process is enhanced through the use of innovative teaching methods, the potential of educational services is increased, and the influence on the opinion of consumers is strengthened through proposals for international cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of the education institution in the market of educational services. Conclusions and directions for further research. The result of the study has shown that the formed innovative environment of the education institution is an effective mechanism of branding of the education institution. The Lingua Hub Language Center structural unit is a well-established brand, that has marketing communications for its promotion, meets the stated promises of participants in the educational process and consumers of educational services, evokes positive associations and emotions in the target audience, has a corporate style, and corresponds to the general strategy of the education institution’s development. Therefore, taking into account the current challenges and the need to implement a branding strategy in the activities of an education institution, as well as the influence of branding mechanisms and tools on the formation of its positive image, business reputation among potential consumers and stakeholders, the use of technologies of an innovative educational environment and its digital components is a significant indicator in competition of education institutions in the market. Prospects for further scientific research lie in the field of research on the role of branding in ensuring the competitiveness of an education institution in the educational services market.

Participatory Design Workshops: Interdisciplinary Encounters within a Collaborative Digital Heritage Project

This article aims to investigate how participatory design influences interdisciplinary relationships in digital heritage projects. In particular, the article reflects on opportunities and challenges of interdisciplinary encounters in participatory design, with the cross-border project “Terra Mosana” as a case study, which aims to investigate, digitalize, and communicate the shared heritage of the Meuse–Rhine Euregion (EMR). Terra Mosana is a collaboration between multiple partners from municipalities, museums, cultural heritage sites, and universities in different EMR cities. Partners of the project have different backgrounds that vary from archaeologists, historians, and heritage professionals to computer scientists, developers, and communication specialists. My role in this project focused on designing and organizing several participatory design workshops with citizens of the EMR, aiming to empower and enable them to share their views about their shared history, and what they want from museums and other cultural institutions. Those workshops play a crucial role in the project by creating meaningful connections across the different disciplines involved in the project. In this article, I focus on the negotiation processes between the partners involved: What challenges were they confronted with? How did they arrive at creative solutions, and which issues remained unresolved? My analysis does not draw only on my participatory observation of workshops, but also on a focus group discussion that invited the partners to reflect on and assess the collaborative process.

Reimagining Gastroenterology Fellowship Training: The Third Year of the Future

Reimagining Gastroenterology Fellowship Training: The Third Year of the Future

Mobilizing through dialogue: building interdisciplinary partnerships among forest health, wildland fire, and public health sectors to find solutions to address the impact of wildland fire smoke on communities

The impact of smoke from wildland fires on communities across the western United States is an interdisciplinary crisis that requires an interdisciplinary solution. There are increasing calls for cross-collaboration between forest, fire, air quality, and public health practitioners to best prepare communities for ever-worsening smoke seasons. However, opportunities to engage interdisciplinary groups of practitioners and stakeholders on this topic have been largely missing. We report on the development and implementation of a hybrid in-person and online workshop that brought together practitioners from Washington State to foster new interdisciplinary relationships and partnerships in order to integrate public health considerations into forest management during and beyond fire season. This workshop highlighted ways in which hybrid workshops can facilitate discussions across traditionally siloed stakeholders to address the community health crisis of wildfire smoke and illuminate tangible steps for further facilitating integrated discussions around a shared area of interest. Key lessons included the importance of introductory meetings for establishing strong collaborations and the strength of hybrid settings for fuller participation by diverse stakeholders. This manuscript outlines ways in which local practitioners from other smoke-impacted communities can begin to build and utilize interdisciplinary partnerships to prepare and adapt for longer and more severe wildland fire smoke seasons.

Influence Mechanism of Structural Characteristics of Interdisciplinary Knowledge Network on College Students’ Innovation Ability

Interdisciplinary scientific research method plays a significant role in promoting technological innovation. As the principal subject in scientific research activities, college students need to improve their innovation ability using interdisciplinary knowledge resources and knowledge network. Existing researches are mostly carried out from a single perspective of knowledge network, and ignore systematical analysis for interdisciplinary multilayer network. For that reason, the influence mechanism of structural characteristics of interdisciplinary knowledge network on college students’ innovation ability is established in this article. An interdisciplinary-dependent multilayer network is built and network nodes are divided into interdisciplinary knowledge elements, scientific research theme, and discipline and specialty. Structure attribute of interdisciplinary knowledge network and relationship attribute of interdisciplinary knowledge elements are also used to calculate indicators at different knowledge dimensions, and specific indicator measurement modes are proposed. The regression model is built to explore direct influence mechanism of dynamic and static characteristics of interdisciplinary knowledge network on college students’ innovation ability. A regression model is also built to further verify the regulating effect of disciplinary knowledge’s network location attribute of college students’ specialty in influence relationship between interdisciplinary knowledge network and college students’ innovation ability. Last, corresponding analysis result is given based on experiment result.

EXPLORING EXPERIENCES OF GENDER BIAS IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAINING IN NEW ZEALAND

This qualitative study aims to explore and highlight the experiences of trainees in the Orthopaedic Surgical Education Training (SET) program in New Zealand, with a focus on identifying gender-specific biases which may impact professional development.Orthopaedic SET trainees in New Zealand were invited to complete a qualitative, semi-structured questionnaire exploring their experiences in the Orthopaedic SET program. A broad range of topics were covered, addressing culture, belonging, learning styles and role modelling. Recurrent themes were identified using inductive methods.Analysis of questionnaire responses identified several key themes for women in the Orthopaedic SET program, compared to their male counterparts, including (1) role incredulity, (2) confidence vs. competence, (3) adaptation, (4) interdisciplinary relationships and (5) role modelling. Female participants described experiencing gender bias or discrimination by both patients and interdisciplinary colleagues at a higher rate than their male counterparts. The majority of female participants described feeling as competent as their male counterparts at the same SET level, however, identified that they do not typically exhibit the same confidence in their surgical abilities. Whilst similar numbers of female and male participants described experiencing barriers to career progression, female participants described having to adapt both physically and socially to overcome additional gender-specific barriers. Positive influences on training experience included role modelling and supportive relationships amongst trainee groups.This study highlighted gender-specific biases experienced by trainees in the Orthopaedic SET program in New Zealand. Further investigation is warranted to determine how these experiences affect professional development, and how they may be addressed to foster increased gender equity in the surgical profession. This will likely require system-level interventions to create meaningful and sustainable culture change.

Reading and Mapping Fiction: Spatialising the Literary Text, by Sally Bushell

Reviewed by: Reading and Mapping Fiction: Spatialising the Literary Text by Sally Bushell Ann C. Colley (bio) Reading and Mapping Fiction: Spatialising the Literary Text, by Sally Bushell; pp. xvi + 335. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020, £75.00, $99.99. If any reader has consulted maps in the map room of the British Library or even visited Stanfords (established 1853), the variety inherent in the cartographic genre is evident and intriguing. Recently I examined late-eighteenth-century maps of the Lake District and was enthralled by the multiplicity of ways in which map makers had chosen to represent their subject. The genre’s complexity has now been extended for me by Sally Bushell’s Reading and Mapping Fiction: Spatialising the Literary Text, a study that not only [End Page 715] explores the relationship between the literary map (as opposed to actual maps) and the text to which it corresponds but also engages the larger questions concerning the extent to which we map as we read and how to represent this reality. This book takes the reader on a comprehensive journey that explores the unique relationship between the literary map and the text in which it appears. Maintaining that “an experience of literary space is not the same as the mapping of the real world,” Bushell demonstrates just how fictional maps are not, as some mistakenly maintain, a mere illustration (91). She opens her study by contextualizing (almost exhaustively) her work within a review of ideas about the nature of mapping. She then offers a historical sense of the interdisciplinary relationships among literature, geography, and cartography from the twelfth to the nineteenth century. When constructing this frame, Bushell assembles voices of commentators that, although informative, almost overwhelm the opening chapter. I was impressed by Bushell’s grasp of this context yet wished to hear the guidance of her own voice. But that is to come, particularly when she addresses the question of how mapping is crucial to the interpretive part of reading fiction. Bushell raises interesting points throughout. She explores the possibility that a map cannot necessarily be trusted: it can manipulate a reader as well as the characters within the fiction. Moreover, her point that the literary map becomes a means by which fiction attempts to escape its own fictionality is suggestive. Furthermore, Bushell shows how a fictitious map is duplicitous: it faces outward to the reader and, at the same time, is present for the characters who are negotiating their sense of place. In addition, Bushell periodically returns to the paradox between the fixed, retrospective map and the sequential movement of a narrative. For those interested in Victorian fiction, Bushell devotes a significant part of the book to the integral function of literary maps within specific genres in the nineteenth century. In her words, these maps draw “attention to the fact that they are not intended to function in the same way as actual maps of the world” (91). To illustrate this experience, Bushell discusses the nature and use of fictional maps in such adventure and spy texts as Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island (1883), H. Rider Haggard’s King Solomon’s Mines (1885), Erskine Childers’s The Riddle of the Sands (1903), and John Buchan’s Prester John (1910). She demonstrates the ways in which the literary map is a dynamic part of, yet exterior to, the text. These characteristics and the importance of spatial orientation are also at work in the detective fiction of the 1920s and 1930s. In the novels of Dorothy Sayers, Margery Allingham, Ngaio Marsh, Edmund Crispin, and Agatha Christie, the mapping is really based upon what Bushell terms “a human geography” that charts the human network of the mystery (128). It appears to be trustworthy and map the crime scene, yet often misleads and preys upon the gullibility of the reader. In this way, the act of mapping counters the genre’s supposedly objective form. After discussing the function of the map in adventure, spy, and detective fiction, Bushell turns her attention to maps in children’s fiction. She explores the map-text relationship in such works as Arthur Ransome’s Lake District series and J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit...

What’s Law Got To Do with It?: Anthropological Engagement with Legal Scholarship

Among law and society fields, legal anthropology has experienced markedly high highs and low lows. Its parent disciplines, law and anthropology, have fluctuated from intense and productive engagement with one another to mutual disregard for each other’s ways of knowing. Most commentary on the trajectory of this interdisciplinary relationship has bemoaned anthropology’s (ir)relevance to legal scholarship, but this introduction and the symposium essays that follow invert the usual narrative by asking how—and why—formal law might matter to anthropology. The symposium is part of a dual special issue that grows out of a multi-year conversation between legal anthropologists representing varied institutional and intellectual backgrounds. Drawing on that conversation and on the essays it has produced, this introduction argues that anthropologists would do well to abandon their prepositional attitude to formal law and, instead, to build on the strengths of anthropological analysis by “cultivating attentiveness” to things legal.

Development of an interprofessional task-based learning program in the field of occupational health: a content validity study

ObjectiveOne of the duties of the educational system is to provide situations in which students learn the tasks corresponding to their future careers in an interprofessional team. This study was designed to develop an interprofessional task-based training program.MethodsThis was a curriculum development study conducted by content validity methodology in two stages: 1) ‘framework development’ which resulted in the creation of the framework items; and 2) ‘evaluation of the framework’ (judgment and quantification). The first stage consisted of task identification, generation of sub-tasks, and assimilation of items into a usable format. The second stage consisted of the judgment –quantification of the content validity of items and the framework. After that, the framework of the tasks of the occupational health team was finalized in the expert panel. After explaining the tasks, a matrix for task-expected roles in the occupational health team and a matrix for task-required skills to perform each task were developed. The next step determined the appropriate teaching and assessment methods for each task. Finally, an expert panel reviewed and approved the components of the interprofessional task-based training program.ResultsIntegrating the interprofessional education strategy with task-based learning was considered innovative in occupational health team training. In the development stage, 48 items were extracted, and then 35 tasks were generated in the step of identification of tasks. In the second step, 174 sub-tasks were developed. The tasks and sub-tasks were categorized into seven areas. After the stage of evaluation of the framework, 33 tasks were categorized into seven main areas, including "assessment and identification of workplace hazards" (n = 10), "control of occupational hazards" (n = 4), "determining the appropriate job position for each person" (n = 3), "occupational health examinations" (n = 6), "management of occupational/work-related diseases" (n = 5), "inter-organizational and inter-disciplinary relations, and legal judgment" (n = 3) and "education and scholarship in occupational health services" (n = 2).ConclusionThe results of the present study can be used in developing the use of the interprofessional strategy and task-based training as two appropriate strategies for the purposeful development of learners' abilities in the fields involved in providing occupational health services in their future careers.

Assessment of psychotropic medications prescribing pattern in Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital, South West Ethiopia.

due to the widespread prescription of antipsychotic medications, their usage is cumulative. Evidence on the trends of medication use in Ethiopia and other parts of the world is lacking. The scant information on prescription trends and medication usage suggests that drug use is generally not sensible in both industrialized and emerging nations. So, the aim of this study was to assess the psychotropic medications prescribing pattern in Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital, South West Ethiopia. from June 1st to July 31st, 2019, a cross-sectional study on prescriptions for psychiatric drugs was conducted at Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital. Using systematic random sampling, prescription records were obtained from the pharmacy dispensing book. Version 21 of the statistical program for social science was used to code and analyze the data. the study included 355 prescription records containing psychotropic drugs in total. The bulk of those taking the psychotropic medication were aged 20 to 49. The most often administered classes of drugs remained antipsychotic, followed by tricyclic antidepressants, antiepileptics, anxiolytics/sedatives, anticholinergic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The most often ordered antipsychotic medication, which included 102 (23.18%) medications, was chlorpromazine. Tricyclic antidepressants, which included 56 medicines (12.73%) and 24 medications (5.45%), included amitriptyline and imipramine. the results of this investigation showed that psychiatrists preferred traditional psychotropic medications, such as Antipsychotic tricyclic, antidepressants (TCAs) and phenothiazines, in high amounts possibly because these medications were readily available in this hospital and their prices suited patients' needs. Health care workers' interdisciplinary relationships and coherence would improve for the benefit of patients and services of higher quality.

Knowledge, attitude and awareness among diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients about the association between diabetes and oral health.

Global prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing with an estimate to affect 593 million worldwide by 2035. Current evidence clearly states an association between oral diseases and diabetes mellitus with manifestations like periodontitis, peri-implantitis, xerostomia, etc. Despite this obvious link, knowledge, awareness and attitude of general population towards this are not fully understood. To assess public knowledge and awareness on association between diabetes and oral health and assess their attitude towards oral hygiene care and maintenance. A three-part structured questionnaire was developed with multiple choice questions and circulated among patients visiting a private dental college. A total of 502 questionnaires were evaluated, and results were statistically analysed. Student-t test and Chi-square test using SPSS software. Majority of the participants were male and lived in urban area. 41.8% respondents had diabetes, out of which 86.7% had no awareness of the type. A significant number of non-diabetic individuals had awareness of excessive sugar intake as a cause of diabetes. Greater number of diabetic patients (96.7%) reported dry mouth, whereas only 53.3% had periodontal complications. 90% participants use tooth brush as oral hygiene aid. Only 10.6% participants follow regular dental visits. Majority of subjects (60.6%) listed their friends and family as major source of information. More people are aware of systemic complications of diabetes as compared to oral problems. A better interdisciplinary relationship is required among dentists and physicians to improve knowledge and awareness of general population.

Міжпредметні зв’язки під час навчання образотворчого мистецтва в початкових класах

Міжпредметні зв’язки під час навчання образотворчого мистецтва в початкових класах