Interdisciplinary Research Methods Research Articles

Recycling Interdisciplinary Evidence: Abandoned Hypotheses and African Historiologies in the Settlement History of Littoral East Africa

AbstractScholars can elevate African voices as they recycle evidence from abandoned lines of research. This article discusses how to apply the confirmation and recycling methods of interdisciplinary research to engage with African historiologies. After reviewing contentious debates about Shungwaya from ca. 1955–2000, it draws on Mijikenda elder Thomas Govi’s descriptions of uganga and clanship (in a published collection of oral traditions) as a historiological theory for reimagining cross-linguistic collaborations, the formation of “stone towns,” and Islamic conversion in the settlement history of littoral East Africa.

Generating phone-quality records to train machine learning models for smartphone-based earthquake early warning

Earthquake early warning (EEW) system detects earthquakes and sends an early warning to areas likely to be affected, which plays a significant role in reducing earthquake risk. In recent years, as with the widespread distribution of smartphones, as well as their powerful computing ability and advanced built-in sensors, a new interdisciplinary research method of smartphone-based earthquake early warning has emerged. Some smartphone-based earthquake early warning systems have applied signal processing techniques and machine learning algorithms to the sensor data recorded by smartphones for better monitoring earthquakes. But it is challenging to collect abundant phone-recorded seismic data for training related machine learning models and selecting appropriate features for these models. One alternative way to solve this problem is to transform the data recorded by seismic networks into phone-quality data. In this paper, we propose such a transformation method by learning the differences between the data recorded by seismic networks and smartphones, in two scenarios: phone fixed and free located on tables, respectively. By doing this, we can easily generate abundant phone-quality earthquake data to train machine learning models used in EEW systems. We evaluate our transformation method by conducting various experiments, and our method performs much better than existing methods. Furthermore, we set up a case study where we use the transformed records to train machine learning models for earthquake intensity prediction. The results show that the model trained by using our transformed data produces superior performance, suggesting that our transformation method is useful for smartphone-based earthquake early warning.

A Treatise on the Paradigm of Security Theory

Mankind, whose development has been significantly affected in the last few decades by deepening globalization processes, now faces many security problems, threats, risks and challenges. For this reason, in the 21st century, solving security problems is part of the management processes at all levels and in all areas of life of contemporary human society, not only at the state level. To be able to solve the security problems, eliminate security threats and risks and face new security challenges, adequate findings, knowledge, experience, methodological and other tools to perform its security tasks are necessary – a security theory is needed. That is why the author of the study submitted uses relevant methods of interdisciplinary scientific research and discusses the need for security theory, focusing primarily on the paradigm of security theory.

Improving the quality of drawing management process in Iso department of Australian general engineering Vietnam (age Vietnam)

In the context of economic integration, along with the development of industrial parks, enterprises are always innovating with modern and advanced technology to improve the quality of their products and thus increase their competitiveness in international economic integration. This study assesses the progress of completion, the inadequacies after applying the drawing management process in Iso room age Vietnam and the management storage regulations of the enterprise, thereby making flawed comments and proposing solutions in the management process after being put into practice at the company. Use interdisciplinary research methods of archiving, drawing records, and survey results to speak to the importance of managing and storing drawings in the mechanical engineering industry showing the level of completion and outstanding shortcomings of the process. The survey results provide the basis for the shortcomings that need to be improved in the process and thorough remedies to improve the quality of the technical drawing management process.

Comprehensive assessment of the water environment carrying capacity based on the spatial system dynamics model, a case study of Yongding River Basin in North China

The Chinese water environment system is severely degraded by intensive anthropogenic activities. To relieve these problems, the national government has proposed to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of water environment carrying capacity (WECC). However, few studies provide a comprehensive depiction of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of WECC within a basin/region owing to the limitations of interdisciplinary research methods. By integrating the system dynamics model, cellular automaton model, and gridded geographic information system technology, we developed a spatial system dynamics model to explore the spatiotemporal pattern of the WECC of Yongding River Basin in North China. The spatial system dynamics model works well and the simulation accuracy was close to 85%. Our results showed that inadequate water resources and water quality induced the overloaded WECC in Yongding River Basin, which was unevenly distributed within the river basin. From 2017 to 2035, Zhangjiakou often suffered an overload of WECC throughout the year due to quantity-related water shortages. However, in Beijing's mountainous area, the WECC status of control units 1 and 4 was in good status owing to sufficient water quantities. Considering the overload of the WECC and its feedback relationship with anthropogenic activities, effective and feasible management measures, such as reducing agricultural irrigation water use and domestic pollution, improving the rate of sewage collection and treatment, or industrial restructuring should be prioritized in this arid river basin. Our study improved methodologies in WECC modeling for river basins, helped overcome difficulties in revealing the spatiotemporal dynamic patterns of WECC, proposed a calculation method of WECC in terms of population and GDP, and verified that the threshold of WECC was not static, which provides information for finding a balance between economic development and water safety, especially in regions with water scarcity.

Legal Review In Structuring And Normalization Of Rivers As An Effort To Mitigate Flooding In The City Of Banjarmasin

The rivers and canals in Banjarmasin need to be reorganized to restore the rivers and canals to be able to function. Various legal policies have been taken by Banjarmasin Government, from issuing regulations on rivers to making policies to establish a River Normalization Task Force. This research is aimed to analyze the Banjarmasin government's regional regulations that regulate the rivers and rivers layout, as well as the effectiveness of the legal policy taken by the government as mitigation of the flood problems Banjarmasin faces.This study uses an interdisciplinary legal research method (socio-legal methodology); where the law (in this case the statutory text) is not only interpreted as an object of value-free study but the law is interpreted as an object that is rich in values (including non-legal values).Based on the geographical condition ofBanjarmasin, rivers and canals should be very important for Banjarmasin as a way to avoid flooding. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange rivers and canals in Banjarmasin comprehensively and this arrangement cannot be done only partially. The river arrangement includes regulatory, institutional, and community development aspects in the vicinity. The development of the city of Banjarmasin from the point of view of city development must start from the rivers.

ТАНДЕМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И ПРАВОВЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ПО АДАПТАЦИИ И ИНТЕГРАЦИИ МОЛОДЁЖИ ИЗ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

Aim . To analyze political technologies and legal mechanisms for the adaptation and integration of the youth from Central Asia. Methodology . The study is based on analysis of sources containing information on state national policy of modern Russia, aimed at the adaptation and integration of the youth migrants from Central Asia. It uses an interdisciplinary research method with the correlation of political technologies and legal mechanisms for the adaptation and integration of youth from Central Asia. Results . The conclusion is made about the presence of gaps in the modern migration policy of Russia, aimed at the specified social group. At the end of the article, proposals are formulated on the formation of targeted political technologies and legal mechanisms. Research implications . The research results can be used for further practical application, preparation of recommendations for the executive authorities of all levels involved in the field of migration policy.

The Reform of the UN Security Council: How to Balance Legitimacy and Efficiency

With the development of multi-polarization in the world, the UN Security Council plays an increasingly important role in maintaining international peace and promoting international cooperation, which has attracted much attention from the academic and industrial circles. However, the current structure of five permanent and ten non-permanent members of the Council does not maximize efficiency and legitimacy, making it more difficult to resolve international conflicts on time. This article first has carried on the extensive search for relevant theories and finishing, and on this basis, using the survey method, literature research, interdisciplinary research method, qualitative analysis method, and other research methods. The goal is to balance the efficiency and the legitimacy of the UNSC, especially improving the council’s legitimacy. This paper draws the following conclusions: 1. Increase the number of seats on the Council by twenty-four (five permanent members, eight four-year renewable seats, and 11 non-permanent members) 2. It is impossible to abolish the veto completely, but permanent members should be urged to reduce the use of the veto through legislation. Given the political conflicts of interest and the complexity of revising the UN Charter, governments of all countries should promote internal negotiations as soon as possible, conduct in-depth dialogue and consultation on core major issues, clarify the principles and methods of reform, and determine practical solutions.

Религиозно-духовные истоки и исторические условия формирования современного суннито-шиитского конфликта в странах Ближнего и Среднего Востока

The aim of the article is to highlight the historical conditions and spiritual origins of the modern Sunni-Shiite conflict in the Arab countries. The research methodology is based on acombination of general scientific, special - historical and interdisciplinary research methods, taking intoaccount the principles of impartiality, systematicity, historicism, human centrism and scientificity. Thescientific novelty lies in the author's attempt to reveal the main historical and spiritual-dogmaticorigins of the modern Sunni-Shiite conflict in modern Arab countries with a view to its future solution.In writing this article, we have drawn on a wide range of sources of scientific literature and historicalsources, including the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Conclusions. The Sunni-Shiite conflict has deephistorical roots and dates back to the second half of the seventh century. It is then that Islam splits into two branches of Sunnis and Shiites. The fundamental difference between these areas is the differentattitudes to the basic dogmatic principles of Islamic doctrine. Yes, Sunnis call for strict adherence to the Qur'an and Sunnah. In turn, Shiites introduce into the spiritual tradition, in addition to the Qur'an and Sunnah, the legends and sayings of Caliph Ali (Ahbar) and the doctrine of imams - the spiritualleaders of the community. Today, it is clear that the current dogmatic differences between Sunnis and Shiites are not significant, which lays the groundwork for resolving Sunni-Shiite controversies at thelevel of the basic tenets of Islamic doctrine.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ВО ВРЕМЯ ПАНДЕМИИ

The paper describes the challenges of education during a pandemic. The transition to distance learning has had an impact on all of the participants of the education process. The purpose of this article is to study the social consequences and education outcomes of the work of the subjects of the educational process in the format of distance learning during 2020–2021. To achieve the goal the author used an interdisciplinary approach, emplying pedagogical and psychological research methods: observation, questioning, interviewing. It was revealed that distance learning format is characterized by the following features: flexible schedule, in which the student studies at a convenient time, quality management of the educational process, innovative learning technologies, and a modular system of learning. The study describes the positive and negative aspects of the organization of distance learning. The study concluded that during the coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary to take a set of measures for the socialization of all the participants in the virtual education space, to create the centers to improve the skills of teachers in the field of infocommunication technologies, and to organize continuing development courses to enhance professional pedagogical communication in a remote learning format.

树种多样性对土壤微生物群落结构和元素生物地球化学循环的影响研究进展

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 树种多样性对土壤微生物群落结构和元素生物地球化学循环的影响研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101070073 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学面上项目(32071631)；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41907022)；福建省自然科学面上基金项目(2020J01138) Research progresses in the effects of tree species diversity on soil microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling of elements Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:森林是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,其巨大的生产力和生态服务功能对人类的生存和发展至关重要。森林树种多样性增加能够显著提高森林生产力,关于树种多样性如何影响地下生物多样性及生态功能逐渐受到国内外学者的广泛关注。从土壤微生物及其介导的元素生物地球化学循环这一视角出发,综述了树种多样性对土壤细菌和真菌多样性、群落结构及功能的影响,提出需要进一步深入研究的方向。总体来说,树种多样性有利于增加土壤细菌生物量和多样性,是预测病原性真菌和菌根真菌多样性及群落结构的重要生物因子。树种多样性能增加土壤有机碳储量,增强森林土壤的甲烷氧化能力,并提高土壤磷周转速率及有效磷含量。关于树种多样性对森林土壤氮循环的影响需考虑多样性假说和质量比假说的相对贡献。今后应加强树种多样性对多个营养级之间相互作用的研究;关注树种多样性对生态系统多功能的影响;加强学科交叉,引入微生物种群动态模型和气候模型等模型预测方法,研究树种多样性对全球气候变化的应对机制,以期促进地上植物多样性与地下生态系统功能关系的研究,增强森林生态系统应对未来全球环境变化的能力。 Abstract:Forest is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. Its high productivity and ecosystem services play a key role in anthropogenic survival and development. The increases in forest tree species diversity can significantly increase forest productivity. It has been widely concerned about how tree species diversity influences the belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. From the perspective of soil microorganisms and their mediated biogeochemical cycling of elements, we reviewed the effects of tree species diversity on soil bacterial and fungal diversity, community structure and ecosystem functioning, and further proposed future research directions. In general, tree species diversity is beneficial to increase soil bacterial biomass and diversity. Tree species diversity is an important bio-indicator of the diversity and community structure of pathogenic fungi and mycorrhizal fungi. Tree species diversity can increase soil organic carbon storage, and enhance soil methane oxidation capacity, as well as facilitate soil phosphorus turnover and bioavailability. The relative contribution of diversity hypothesis and mass ratio hypothesis should be taken into consideration in terms of the effects of tree species diversity on the nitrogen cycling. In the future, we should devote great efforts to the influence of tree species diversity on interactions among multiple trophic levels. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to the effects of tree species diversity on ecosystem multifunctionality. Interdisciplinary research and modelling prediction methods, such as microbial population dynamics model and climate model, should be incorporated to explore the mechanisms of tree species diversity in response to global environmental change. This aims to promote the study on the relationship between aboveground plant diversity and belowground ecosystem functioning, and thus enhance the capacity of forest ecosystem for dealing with future global environmental change. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A Review on Western Studies on the Socialist Transformation in China

Based on the literature analysis of the research on China’s socialist transformation in Western academia, this paper briefly reviews the historical status of Western academia’s research since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, taking the normalization of China-US relations as the node time. The study on China’s socialist transformation has experienced more than half a century of development, showing its own unique characteristics. Due to the influence of their own cultural concepts, ideologies, research paradigms and research methods, Western scholars’ understanding of relevant issues inevitably shows some one-sided and arbitrary perspectives. However, the novelty of Western scholars’ research perspectives, the diversification of data sources, and the interdisciplinary comprehensive research methods have certain reference significance for China’s domestic academia to further advance the research on socialist transformation.

An interdisciplinary research method for new models for elderly living environments in an aging society

An interdisciplinary research method for new models for elderly living environments in an aging society

A Study of Phenomena of Borrowing Sound 借音in the Selection of Strange Tales in Linh Nam (A2914) Archived in the Institute of Sino-Nom Studies

Borrowing sounds is the phenomenon of borrowing the tones of "replaceable characters" to read the sounds of particular Chinese letters. The "Replaceable pseudo-character" is a phenomenon of borrowing homonyms, or words with similar pronunciations to read a certain Chinese character. This is called the borrowed-sound character, and both the original and the borrowed words co-exist. However, in countries in the region where Chinese characters are used such as Vietnam, Japan and Korea, there is also the phenomenon of borrowing the sounds and shapes of Chinese characters to record native languages. By using quantitative statistical methods, interdisciplinary research methods, and an oriented approach to grammatology 文字學 and etymology 語源學, this article will examine the phenomenon of borrowing sounds found in the Linh Nam Chich Quai 嶺南摭怪 (the Collection of the Strange Tales of the Linh Nam Realm) compiled during the Ly-Tran dynasties (XI-XIV centuries). This article provides a comparison of similar phenomena in some Chinese character works and epitaphs of the Ly Tran dynasty in Vietnam and the Nihon ryoiki 日本靈異記 of Japan. It argues that borrowing sounds are a common feature found in the works from these early periods which recorded folktales due to the influence of Han culture, and Vietnamese literature should be not placed outside the general rules of that influence.

Історія становлення європейського паралімпійського спорту (ХХ – початок ХХІ ст.)

The purpose of the study is to summarize the history of the development of Paralympic sports in European countries, to identify the main problems and prospects for the development of the Paralympic movement. Th e research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, impartiality, and social approach, as well as the use of systemic, anthropological, integrated and value-based approaches. Th e general scientifi c (analysis and synthesis), general historical (chronological and historical-comparative) and interdisciplinary research methods (citation, content analysis, interpretative analysis) have been used. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the fact that the origins of the European Paralympic Sports in the twentieth century are comprehensively analyzed, the participation of athletes with disabilities from European countries is covered, the origins and development of the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games are described, the main directions, problems and prospects for the development of the European Paralympic Movement are identifi ed. Conclusion. Th e Paralympic movement today is an important component of international sport, a key factor in ensuring the social adaptation of people with disabilities in society, maintaining the confi dence and faith of people with disabilities in their capabilities. In fact, there are no known and popular sports that do not involve athletes with disabilities. Th e number of Paralympic disciplines is steadily expanding. Paralympic sports contribute to optimizing the physical, mental, and moral condition of people with disabilities. With the development of the national system of physical education and sports, the need for further broad and comprehensive involvement of people with disabilities in active exercise should be broadened and given priority in the processes of socialization of people with disabilities. Th e creation of equal conditions for people with disabilities in terms of their involvement in physical education and sports is the main achievement of developed European countries. Th is experience of European traditions of Paralympic sports is very valuable for Ukraine as well.

Prerequisites and Barriers to the Use of Digital Tools for Organising Mentoring in a Teaching Team

There is currently an increased research vector related to exploring the application of digital tools in personnel management and a growing research interest in mentoring in educational organisations. The purpose of the article is to identify and justify the factors that facilitate or limit the use of digital tools in the organization of mentoring in a teaching team. Methodology. The methodology of the study is based on the provisions of the systematic approach and on the ideas of interdisciplinary approach to the study of pedagogical phenomena. Theoretical analysis of normative legal acts, results of interdisciplinary research and SWOT-analysis methods are used to solve the problems set. Results. The study showed that the prerequisites for the application of digital tools of mentoring organisation in the pedagogical team to a greater extent are the digital tools used by the educational organisation to solve managerial and learning tasks, as well as the RF policy aimed at developing digitalisation and innovative activities of educational organisations. The barriers to the use of digital tools for mentoring in the teaching staff lie in the properties of the educational organisation’s teaching staff. The economic aspects of the external environment, associated with the imperfect mechanism for calculating teachers’ salaries, also have an unfavourable impact. Conclusion. The results obtained are the basis for the development of strategic alternatives that define, for a particular case, options for the optimization of digital support for the organization of mentoring in the pedagogical team.

Projekt gastroheritologiczny Tamary Ognjević jako przykład instytucjonalizacji serbskiej kultury kulinarnej

Contemporary Serbia is at an advanced stage of systemic transformation, facing the need to revise its own traditions; in order to become a segment in internation­al market structures, it needs to develop its own recognizable national brands. With subsistence agriculture in mountainous regions, the almost forgotten cook­ing techniques, religious and ethnic beliefs related to food, unique cookware pro­duction, dining etiquette, and a range of ethnological and anthropological condi­tions, the authentic picture of Serbia’s gastronomic heritage becomes holistic and diverse. The gastroheritology project, implemented in Belgrade by the Artis Cen­ter and led by Tamara Ognjević, is an example of how an interdisciplinary research method is constructed which enables all-encompassing collaboration between the academia and tourism organizations and the gastronomy industry aimed at pre­serving and promoting Serbia’s culinary heritage. Gastroheritology as a method of research in cultural heritage was developed on Serbian ground, but through its universality it can be applied to similar research conducted in other European and non-European countries.

Beyond the police: libraries as locations of carceral care

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make visible the connections libraries have to carceral systems and how library workers replicate carceral behavior through care.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses interdisciplinary research methods in the fields of library science, criminology, feminist studies, Black studies and abolition to examine the role of libraries as locations of carceral care.FindingsLibraries, through their history and funding as well as their roles within society as educators and social service providers, have the components necessary to act out carceral care; libraries by extension can and do participate in forms of carceral care.Originality/valueThere has been much work on carceral care in the fields of social work and education, but to date, there has been little to no scholarship on how libraries work within the landscape of carceral care. This article builds upon the work of others to help understand how it applies to libraries.

Extreme events, energy security and equality through micro- and macro-levels: Concepts, challenges and methods

Low-income households face long-standing challenges of energy insecurity and inequality (EII). During extreme events (e.g., disasters and pandemics) these challenges are especially severe for vulnerable populations reliant on energy for health, education, and well-being. However, many EII studies rarely incorporate the micro- and macro-perspectives of resilience and reliability of energy and internet infrastructure and social-psychological factors. To remedy this gap, we first address the impacts of extreme events on EII among vulnerable populations. Second, we evaluate the driving factors of EII and how they change during disasters. Third, we situate these inequalities within broader energy systems and pinpoint the importance of equitable infrastructure systems by examining infrastructure reliability and resilience and the role of renewable technologies. Then, we consider the factors influencing energy consumption, such as energy practices, socio-psychological factors, and internet access. Finally, we propose interdisciplinary research methods to study these issues during extreme events and provide recommendations.

Повсякденне життя подільських селян у період нацистської окупації (за матеріалами села Мельниківець, що на Вінниччині)

The aim of the article is to cover the Podillia peasants daily life during the Nazi occupation on the basis of Melnykivtsi village,Vinnytsia region. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific, special-historical and interdisciplinary methods of microhistorical research, taking into account the principles of systematicity, historicism, human-centeredness, scientificity and verification. The scientific novelty lies in the authors' attempt, from the standpoint of a specific microhistorical study, to characterize the life and way of life of the Podillia peasantry during the Nazi occupation. A wide range of unpublished sources are involved in the analysis, the vast majority of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time Conclusions. From the first days of the Nazi-occupation, on the instructions of the authorities, the peasants actively participated in the formation of local authorities, delegating to their composition the most authoritative fellow villagers. Archival documents and eyewitness accounts show that the vast majority of the elected officials did not serve the occupiers, although they were forced to perform their duties. In order to save the lives of their fellow villagers, many of them tried to prevent provocations and avoid conflicts with the occupying authorities, as well as to provide assistance in case of food shortages. In the initial period, the repression of the occupying power was directed exclusively against the communist-Komsomol activists of the village. The vast majority of residents, including former prisoners of war, were able to engage in agriculture by paying taxes. However, with the defeats on the fronts and the intensification of the anti-Nazi resistance, the policy of the occupying authorities changed: repression against the Ukrainian national movement intensified; the activity of educational institutions is prohibited; the use of forced labor has been intensified, etc. At this time, hopes for the loyalty of the occupation regime were finally dashed among the local population. After the liberation of the Nazi-occupied territory, Soviet law enforcement agencies began repressing the peasantry, accusing them of collaborating with the Nazis. All those who held any position during the occupation were prosecuted, regardless of the nature and results of their activities.