Mutual Relationship Research Articles

Denoiser Learning for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion.

Infrared image (IR) and visible image (VI) fusion creates fusion images that contain richer information and gain improved visual effects. Existing methods generally use the operators of manual design, such as intensity and gradient operators, to mine the image information. However, it is hard for them to achieve a complete and accurate description of information, which limits the image fusion performance. To this end, a novel information measurement method is proposed to achieve IR and VI fusion. Its core idea is to guide a generator in achieving image fusion by learning the denoisers. Specifically, by using denoisers to restore fusion images with different noise interference to source images, a mutual competition relationship is formed between denoisers, which helps the generator thoroughly explore the data specificity of the source images and guide it to achieve more accurate feature representation. In addition, a semantic adaptive measurement loss function is proposed to constrain the generator, which fuses semantic information adaptively by considering the semantic information density of different source images. The results of quantitative and qualitative experiments have shown that the proposed method can achieve a higher quality information fusion and has a faster fusion speed on three public datasets when compared with advanced methods.

The Cultural Significance of Malay Woodcarving Motifs: A Case Study of Rumah Warisan Hajah Kundur

This study examined the Malay woodcarving motifs displayed at Rumah Warisan Hajah Kundur, a distinguished Malay heritage house currently located in Politeknik Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The study utilised qualitative research methods such as site observations, photographic recording, and analysis of secondary data to document and assess the wood carving motifs found on the wooden structure. The house had been moved and restored in order to preserve its cultural significance. The investigation uncovered that the woodcarvings of Rumah Warisan Hajah Kundur prominently featured floral motifs, with geometric and combination designs also being prominent. This study not only recorded the visual qualities of the carvings but also analysed their symbolic meaning, revealing the interdependent relationship between artistic representation and cultural heritage in the practice of Malay woodcarving. Concentrating on this singular, historically significant residence of Rumah Warisan Hajah Kundur, the study underscored the significance of Malay woodcarving in vernacular architecture in Negeri Sembilan. It emphasised the imperative for continuous documentation and conservation of the intangible cultural heritage represented by Malay woodcarving motifs and Malay traditional houses.

Geographical ignorance: The vital role of geographic knowledge for decisionmakers

The ongoing environmental, social, and cultural problems in today’s world indicate that geographic knowledge (GK) is not given sufficient importance by decision-makers. On the other hand, decision-makers, when making crucial decisions that impact competitiveness, economic well-being, and environmental stability, face significant risks and potential costs due to gaps in GK and a lack of awareness. In this context, this article presents a theoretical investigation that underscores how GK can assist decision-makers in achieving success in their decisions. We characterize GK with a mindset emphasizing the complex spatial system connections and the significant role of space in decision-making processes. The article discusses this topic at the local-regional, national, and international scales. As a result, we argue that addressing the knowledge gaps of decision-makers is impactful in enhancing their capacity to understand the mutual relationships among environmental dynamics at various scales and enables the synthesis of economic, political, social, and cultural mechanisms within human society. Considering the support of theory for empirical studies, we hope that this study will also support empirical research related to planning. Overcoming challenges requires a holistic approach that not only equips decision-makers with GK but also enables its effective implementation throughout the planning process.

The Influence of Traditional Architectural Elements on Modern Building Design

It is in this paper that an attempt is made to understand the influences of traditional architectural elements on modern building design, investigating how much these two seemingly unconnected entities share an interdependent relationship: architectural heritage and what are termed here as modern innovations. This paper carried out a deep dive into a large volume of reviewed literature, analyzing case studies and design techniques to help provide an answer to how architects manage to integrate traditional elements into their modern structures so that resultant buildings will be culturally resonant and functionally advanced. From the research, it can be understood that such kind of integration happens for several reasons: providing user comfort with cultural identity, ensuring sustainability through proper contextual orientation, among others. The most important findings are that the attainment of successful integration eventually depends upon the import that one attaches to authenticity and the local requirements that need to be fulfilled by each specific case—like those relating to building codes or public perception issues—as well as upon teaching these principles in architecture schools for future professional practice since this forms a fieldwide challenge in diverse aspects. It not only adds to the beauty and usefulness of architecture but also is very important in holding a culture’s identity and sustainable development. Finally, future research directions that might further explore the long-term impacts and potentials of this integrative approach in architecture are suggested.

Paul’s Economic Relationship With the Galatians: Burdensome Imposer or Welcomed Guest?

How did Paul subsist during his travels in Galatia? This article contests Nasrallah’s claim that Paul placed burdens and imposed upon the local communities in Galatia akin to the Roman practice of requisitioning supplies and argues that the Galatians non-coercively welcomed Paul as a host and developed mutual relations with him. We first consider the social practices of Roman requisitions and ancient hospitality as suitable comparanda for interpreting Paul’s travel in Galatia. Then we examine two types of evidence clarifying the socio-economic aspects of Paul’s initial relationship with the Galatians—i.e., Paul’s recollections of his initial encounter with the Galatians (Gal 4:12–20) and subsequent traditions regarding the Galatians’ response to Paul. The evidence suggests that Paul’s relationship with the Galatians was, most probably, welcomed and mutual, not imposing or burdensome. This historical reconstruction contextualizes Paul’s subsequent letter and bears upon interpretations of Galatians.

Understanding Older Persons' Experiences of Care Encounters in the Home Environment: A Hermeneutic Study.

To explore and gain a deeper understanding of older persons' experiences of care encounters when their home becomes a workplace. Worldwide healthcare services are increasingly being provided in older persons' homes by registered nurses. This presents new challenges as the home environment of older persons now doubles as a workplace for healthcare professionals. However, there is limited research available on how older persons experience care encounters when their homes serve as workplaces and how this influences their overall well-being and quality of life. A qualitative hermeneutic study. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted in Sweden from October 2023 to January 2024 with 10 purposefully selected older persons (aged 65+). Each participant received regular visits from a home care nurse in their home to address specific care needs, such as wound care, medication administration, blood sampling and general supervision. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a hermeneutic interpretation. The hermeneutic analysis emerged with one main theme: 'Experiencing care encounters at home as a lottery', with two underlying themes: 'Adapting to loss of control in the private sphere' and 'Striving for independence while navigating daily living'. Older persons try to control their lives despite the challenges associated with ageing and receiving care at home. They strive to maintain their independence and autonomy, which reflects their desire for self-determination. Supporting these efforts in an interdependent relationship can enhance their well-being and quality of life. Findings were reported following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Data were collected by patient interviews. This study emphasises the importance of supporting older persons in maintaining control over their lives while being cared for in their homes. In the care encounters with home care nurses, their well-being and quality of life can be improved by respecting their autonomy, involving them in decision-making and offering tailored support.

Novel Framework for Exploring Human–Water Symbiosis Relationship: Analysis, Quantification, Discrimination, and Attribution

There is an interdependent symbiotic relationship between humans and water; scientific and effective assessment of the human–water symbiosis relationship is of great significance for the promotion of sustainable development. This study developed a novel framework of the human–water symbiosis relationship under an integrated perspective, which included theoretical interpretation, quantitative assessment, pattern discrimination, and an attribution analysis. Based on the symbiosis theory, the theoretical analysis of the human–water relationship was carried out to analyze the three basic elements of the human–water system, and then the evaluation index system of the human–water symbiosis system was constructed to quantitatively assess the development level of the human system and the water system. The Lotka–Volterra model was used to identify the symbiotic pattern, and the human–water symbiosis index was calculated to characterize the health state of the human–water symbiosis system. The main influencing factors of the human–water symbiosis system were further identified through an attribution analysis. Finally, a case study was carried out with 18 cities in Henan Province. Results reveal that (a) the proposed method can effectively realize the quantitative characterization of the human–water symbiosis relationship, with good applicability and obvious advantages; (b) the human–water symbiosis pattern of cities in Henan Province is dominated by the “human system parasitizes water system (H+W−)” pattern, and more attention should be paid to the water system in the subsequent development of it; and (c) the main factors influencing the human system, the water system, and the human–water symbiosis system are the research and development (R&D) personnel equivalent full-time (H7), per capita water resources (W1), and proportion of water conservancy and ecological water conservancy construction investment (W6), respectively. The findings can provide theoretical and methodological support for the study of the human–water symbiosis relationship and sustainable development in other regions.

THE INFLUENCE OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE (CASE STUDY OF INTERCONTINENTAL BALI RESORT HOTEL WEDDING SALES)

Changing customer demands have an impact on the company assessment given, requiring the application of creativity and innovation. Therefore, applying creativity and innovation is very important. The challenge felt by employees who work as wedding sales is that they must have the ability to design creative and innovative facilities and services in order to compete in competitor markets. This research was conducted at the InterContinental Bali Resort hotel. This research aims to determine the influence of creativity and innovation on competitive advantage. This research was analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS). This type of research data is descriptive quantitative with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The population is consumers who have used InterContinental Bali Resort wedding services in the 2019-2024 period. The sample was 145 respondents. This research data analysis is a multiple linear regression analysis method. Then the statistical method used is the partial test (t) to test the effect partially and the simultaneous test (F) to test the effect simultaneously. The results of this research show that creativity and innovation partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the competitive advantage of wedding sales at the InterContinental Bali Resort hotel. The factors that influence the competitive advantage of InterContinental Bali Resort's wedding hotel sales show results with a coefficient of determination value of 62.8%. Overall the independent variables have a mutual relationship, while the remaining 37.2% is influenced by other variables that are not. included in this study.

Beyond the great firewall: EU and US responses to the China challenge in the global digital economy

ABSTRACT China’s Great Firewall was designed to control information flows to keep citizens in and the wider world out. Consequently, until recently China’s economic ascendancy was not mirrored in the global digital economy. However, China’s increasing digital footprint and championing of national technology firms present numerous economic and security challenges for the EU and US as the dominant digital powers. This paper investigates how growing perceptions of China-based threats in the digital domain have shaped EU (including Member State-level) and US policies. Two pertinent cases – Huawei (hardware provider) and TikTok (digital platform) – illustrate how threat perceptions have catalysed securitization moves to restrict Chinese firms’ roles within national digital economies. Western policymakers are increasingly concerned about China’s capacity to weaponize technologically interdependent relationships by exploiting its firms’ presence within Western networks. Yet significant differences between EU Member States’ perceptions precluded both a uniform EU-level response and more extensive transatlantic cooperation.

Projection in Arabic: a typological overview

Abstract This article examines the different aspects of projection by focusing on the processes construing this area of the lexicogrammar. It also explores how Arabic construes this dimension of the lexicogrammar across the rank scale and beyond. Within the Hallidayan Systemic Functional paradigm, there are three variables that differentiate between any type of projection and this article investigates all three of them. It more precisely explores the three different projection systems which consist of (i) the level of projection which is about the distinction between mental and verbal projection. (ii) The mode of projection which is about tactic interdependency relations and whether what is projected is a quote (paratactic) or a report (hypotactic) and (iii) the speech function of projection which is where projection interacts with the system of mood and the projection of propositions and proposals. The last section studies the manifestation of projection patterns in a wide variety of lexico-grammatical environments. The findings will show how this pervasiveness substantiates the interpretation of projection as a fractal motif.

An analysis of trust governance mechanism in airline-airport relationship with resource dependence theory and transaction cost theory perspectives

Developments have transformed airport operations into more commercially focused centers in the airport sector. This situation has raised the question of how to execute interdependent airport-airline relationships. In interdependent relationships, trust-based governance is the least costly governance structure and is crucial for fostering cooperation in long-term relationships. Trust-based governance is a management approach where relationships and decisions are guided by mutual trust, transparency, and collaboration between parties. When considering the nature of the relationship, it is observed that environmental uncertainty and asset specificity are high. Transaction cost theory suggests that trust governance mechanisms can be the least costly governance structure under high uncertainty and asset specificity. Similarly, resource dependency theory indicates that in situations with high environmental uncertainty, dependencies can be managed through trust governance mechanisms. Therefore, this study analyzes the trust governance mechanism in airport-airline relationships. Drawing from the perspectives of resource dependency theory and transaction cost theory, this research analyzes the trust governance mechanism in airport-airline relationships using case studies of Turkish Airlines and Istanbul Airport relationship is governed by contract-based trust, while the Pegasus Airlines and Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport relationship is based on goodwill-based trust. It can be argued that the history of the airport-airline relationship and the belief in the continuity of the relationship have a positive impact on trust.

Racial Capitalism: From British Colonialism to the Settler Colonial Apartheid State

This article explores the development of capitalism in Palestine under British colonialism and the Zionist settler colonial project. It examines first, Israel's internal and external capitalist dynamism, including its treatment of its non-European citizens, namely indigenous Palestinians, and non-Ashkenazi (Arab) Jewish settlers. Second, it explores the state's interdependent relationship with Western, especially US imperialism. The article argues that the British colonial state was crucial in enabling the Zionist project to materialize, leading to weakening the socio-economic fabric of the Palestinians in their own lands and homeland, creating a favourable condition for the Zionist project to gradually penetrate the land of Palestine and dispossess its population. As a European (Jewish) settler colonial movement, Zionism, founded on racism and racialization, aimed at establishing a new Jewish enclave separate and independent from the indigenous Palestinians. This separateness made it resemble apartheid South Africa, yet the historical specificity of Palestine, where the Zionist settlers did not just alienate, exclude and when needed, use and exploit the Palestinians, but also expelled the indigenous Palestinians and claim Palestine as a ‘pure’ Jewish state.

Correlation relationships of processes in the combustion engine in the RDE test

The article presents considerations on the processes taking place in the combustion engine in the in real driving operating conditions of a vehicle performing the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. The tests were carried out using a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine. The processes considered in the article were related to the engine operating states, exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, and the vehicle speed, which determines the engine operating conditions. The RDE test were carried out using PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) equipment, and the following variables were recorded: vehicle speed, control, rotational speed, relative torque and relative engine power, emission pollutant intensity of: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, the intensity of particle number and the fuel consumption intensity. The recorded signals were digitally processed, and the statistical properties of the variables and the mutual relation between the engine operating states were examined. The properties of the measured variables were investigated in the entire RDE test and in its constituent phases: the first, corresponding to vehicle movement in cities, the second – outside cities, and the third – on highways and expressways. The pollutant specific distance emission and the particle number specific distance as well as the specific distance fuel consumption were determined in relation to the average vehicle speed, and based on these results, the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption characteristics were created. Correlational studies of the considered variables were also performed. Pearson's linear correlation coefficients for the measured variables combinations were determined.

Identifying, Prioritizing, and Evaluating Mutual Relationships between the Principles of Civil Responsibility in the Rights of Forest Ecosystems

Identifying, Prioritizing, and Evaluating Mutual Relationships between the Principles of Civil Responsibility in the Rights of Forest Ecosystems

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION AND COOPERATION OF PARENTS

Modern preschool educational institutions have the opportunity to use all the various forms of interaction between the kindergarten and the family, which have come a long way in their formation and development. Parents and preschool are not interchangeable. An important condition of continuity is the establishment of reliable business relations between parents and preschool educational institution, during which the educational position of parents and educator-pedagogue is adjusted. The basis of such relations is formed by the forms of mutual relations between parents and the preschool educational institution.

THE ROLE OF MEDICAL INSURANCE IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE AND LEGAL ISSUES OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION

It is important to make medical services acceptable in all respects, high-quality and financially feasible for the population in the preservation of human health. In the provision of medical services, the organization of mutual relations between the medical institution, the doctor and the patient, and the creation of necessary conditions for the treatment of patients in the medical institution are organized in different ways. Medical insurance is considered the most effective of such methods in today's modern medicine. Through medical insurance, the insurance organization takes all organizational (placement of the patient in a medical institution, highly qualified doctors) financial measures related to the treatment of the insured person (patient) in the event of an insured event, and as a result the insured person will have the opportunity to receive qualified and quality medical services. Today, there are no clear approaches to the role of medical insurance in legal regulations and areas of jurisprudence, which branch of insurance it belongs to: life insurance and general insurance. At the same time, this creates a number of problems and gaps in the legal regulation in the interpretation of the essence of the medical insurance contract and its application. Therefore, it is important to determine the nature of medical insurance, its content and peculiarities as a legal relationship, and thereby create the legal basis of medical insurance.

The Underexplored Synergy: Cinema as an Ally to the World Wars

This research explores the connection between The Great Wars and Cinema, examining how these major conflicts influenced and were influenced by the film industry. Beginning with an introduction to the causes and triggers of the wars, it traces the evolution of cinema from the pre-war era through the changes brought by the wars. The study focuses on the interdependent relationship between War and Cinema, highlighting how major participating countries used films for propaganda, morale-boosting, and ideological dissemination. As cinema became a dominant art form in the entertainment industry, it had significant socio-economic impacts, influencing national economies and public sentiment. The study also delves into the birth of "German Expressionism," a film technique that emerged in response to the societal trauma of the wars and significantly impacted modern cinema. This movement's distinct visual style and thematic depth continue to influence filmmakers even today. Additionally, the study examines the perspectives of civilians and soldiers on cinema during wartime periods, revealing how films served as both escapism and a reflection of reality. Through various case studies, the study illustrates cinema's role in shaping and reflecting the collective consciousness during these pivotal historical moments. This exploration offers valuable insights into how The Great Wars reshaped the landscape of cinema and left a lasting cultural legacy.

Study of Topological Spaces that Don’t Rely on Points as their Basis

Traditionally, the concept of points and neighborhood structures has been quite dominant in defining and further analyzing various properties in the study of topological spaces. In pointless topology-or point-free topology, also referred to as locale theory-the key emphasis is shifted from points to lattices of open sets. In addition to gaining further insight into spatial properties, this approach has important implications in fields like theoretical computer science, logic, and categorical theory. It is the purpose of the present work to be mainly interested in issues of the foundation of point-free topology: locales, frames, mutual relationships between them; the ways of interpreting classical topological concepts in the new language and the strong and weak points of such a point-free view. In the process, we focus on some of the significant applications of point-free topology, both within mathematics and beyond. The present paper is an attempt to give a broad overview of pointfree topology, discussing both its theoretical basis and its practical significance.

RECENT ADVANCES IN THE ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION OF CHITOSAN-SILVER NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS ON METALLIC IMPLANTS WITH ENHANCED BIOCIDAL PROPERTIES

This review covers the latest issues related to the development of medical technologies based on chitosan coatings. The progress of modern implantology requires medicine to adapt constantly to new opportunities and challenges. Infections may occur at the implantation site or in the body and may require treatment with antibiotics or surgery to resolve them. Due to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and antibacterial activity, chitosan has been proposed to be co-deposited with biocidal silver nanoparticles in the form of nanocomposite coatings on the surface of metallic implants to extinguish local inflammations. The mechanism of co-deposition of chitosan with metal ions and particles using electrophoretic deposition has not yet been thoroughly explained. This, among others, results from a number of factors that influence the process and their mutual relations. Therefore, the present review aims at a deeper understanding of the mechanism of creating chitosan-silver nanocomposite coatings.

Causal Analysis of Roof Caving on Underground Mine: A New Theory and Optimized DEMATEL Approach

In the context of mines, roof-caving incidents constitute the most common and expensive accidents. To enhance the management and prevention of roof-caving accidents, it is imperative to investigate the factors that contribute to such incidents and comprehend the intricate causal relationships among them. This study aims to classify the causes of these accidents into three categories: basic factors, controllable factors, and sudden factors, based on the mechanism of roof caving. The categorization is primarily determined by two indicators: intervisibility and variability. Furthermore, the study delves into analyzing the mutual influence relationships among these factors and proposes the BCX theory (Basic-Controllable-Sudden causing theory) for roof caving. Subsequently, based on this theory, an index system called BCX is established for roof caving, and the DEMATEL method is employed to analyze the factors within this index system. To attain more accurate results, this study utilizes interval trapezoidal type-2 fuzzy number scale optimization and Tsallis relative entropy to address the limitations of the DEMATEL method. By comparing the outcomes of the traditional and optimal DEMATEL methods, it is observed that the optimal method exhibits superior applicability in the BCX index system of roof caving, with results that align closely with the actual scenario. Therefore, the optimal DEMATEL method’s analysis of centrality, importance, and chain relationships between the factors within the BCX index system will offer valuable guidance for preventing roof-caving accidents in mining operations.