Interconnected World Research Articles

Innovative risk management techniques in food safety: A review of best practices and emerging trends

Effective risk management in food safety is critical to ensuring consumer protection and maintaining the integrity of global food supply chains. Traditional approaches, such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), have long been the foundation of food safety risk management. However, with the increasing complexity of food production and distribution, new challenges demand more advanced techniques. This review explores innovative risk management methods, focusing on best practices and emerging trends that are transforming food safety. Technological advancements are driving much of this innovation. Predictive analytics and machine learning now allow for real-time monitoring and hazard detection, improving the accuracy of risk assessments. Blockchain technology is being leveraged for enhanced traceability and transparency in the supply chain, ensuring faster recall management and improved accountability. The integration of IoT (Internet of Things) sensors provides continuous monitoring of environmental factors like temperature and humidity, which are critical in preventing contamination, especially in perishable goods. Additionally, risk-based inspection systems, supported by regulatory frameworks such as the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), are becoming more prevalent, prioritizing resources where risks are highest. Emerging trends such as artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive risk management, big data analytics, and sustainability-driven risk approaches are reshaping the landscape. These innovations not only enhance risk mitigation but also align with consumer demands for greater transparency and environmental responsibility. Despite challenges such as cost, data privacy, and regulatory hurdles, the future of food safety lies in the continued development and adoption of these advanced techniques. This review highlights the potential of these innovative practices to improve food safety standards and protect public health in an increasingly interconnected world. Keywords: Innovative, Risk Management, Food Safety, Review.

Haruki Murakami: A Global Literary Journey from Japan to the World

In a world increasingly shaped by globalization, the migration of literature across borders has become more fluid and pervasive than ever before. This phenomenon extends beyond literature to encompass music, film, and other forms of art, facilitated by advancements in technology that grant simple access to global audiences. Haruki Murakami, one of the most important figures of modern Japanese literature, emerges as one of the prime examples of writers who have transcended national boundaries to earn international acclaim. Understanding Murakami's ascent to prominence requires acknowledging the Westernization of Japanese literature following the Meiji period. This era marked Japan's transition from an isolated feudal society to a modernized nation influenced by Western ideals. The societal shift towards Westernization, driven by aspirations of military and economic strength, altered the reception of Japanese writers in Western literary circles. Murakami's immersion in Western culture, coupled with his experiences living abroad and his deliberate incorporation of Western motifs into his works, distinguishes him from his contemporaries in the Japanese literary scene. While critics may scrutinize his portrayal of Japan and find it lacking authenticity, Murakami's global appeal lies in his ability to capture universal themes of isolation, identity, and existential angst that resonate with readers worldwide. Murakami's journey from a local Japanese author to a global literary icon exemplifies the transformative power of literature in an increasingly interconnected world. By bridging cultural divides and transcending linguistic boundaries, Murakami's works serve as a testament to the enduring impact of storytelling in uniting humanity across the vast tapestry of human experience. In this context, this study aims to discuss Murakami's journey from his origins in the Japanese literary market to his recognition on the global stage.

International youth literature in the Chinese EFL classroom

Abstract This qualitative case study examines the role of international youth literature in enhancing the English language learning and global competence of Chinese university students. Through engaging in meaningful literacy activities, this study reveals the potential of a critical-global-literacies-based approach to foster cultural sensitivity and global awareness. By investigating how students gained knowledge of cultural diversity and developed a critical understanding of our interconnected world, this paper advocates for a dynamic approach to literature-oriented English language education, thus prompting a paradigm shift in teaching practices.

Culture: a sixth domain and the introduction of the ‘C6ISRT’ framework

ABSTRACT The traditional domains of land, sea, and air warfare have long held prominence, while space and cyberspace have recently gained recognition as spheres of conflict. As conflicts continue to evolve, the domains of war must expand to accommodate new dimensions of engagement and integrate them alongside those human-centred factors that have previously held considerable sway. It is imperative, therefore, to recognise culture as the sixth domain and reflect upon its profound influence on group thinking, decision-making, and behaviour. Integrating culture into the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Targeting (C5ISRT) framework acknowledges its strategic relevance in shaping military strategies and responses in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. This paradigm shift highlights that the modern landscape extends beyond physical and virtual theatres to encompass the cognitive and social dimensions that define human interactions and conflicts.

Security in the era of wireless innovations: analysis of potential threats and protective measures

In today's interconnected world, wireless data transmission technologies have seamlessly integrated into the fabric of modern business operations. As reliance on these technologies grows, so does the imperative to ensure robust cyber security measures. Particularly in the age of wireless innovations, exemplified by the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the discourse surrounding the security of wireless technologies underscores the necessity of comprehending both established threats and the continuous emergence of new vulnerabilities. This underscores the urgent need for timely detection and mitigation strategies. While the convenience afforded by wireless data transmission technologies grants society unprecedented access to information and facilitates the management of diverse devices, processes, and systems, it also exposes users and modern information and communication systems (ICS) to significant cyber threats and vulnerabilities. Consequently, there arises a pressing need to address these challenges comprehensively. This research dissects contemporary methodologies aimed at restricting access to wireless networks, identifying potential vulnerabilities, and crafting effective responses to cyberattacks. It delves into various facets of cyber security, including data encryption, user authentication mechanisms, traffic monitoring protocols, and anomaly detection algorithms. Furthermore, it delves into the crucial aspect of educating personnel on wireless security practices, equipping them with threat awareness and incident response capabilities. Given the dynamic landscape of cybersecurity technologies and threats, this work seeks to establish a foundational understanding of the security landscape within wireless networks. By doing so, it aims to outline pragmatic strategies for effectively managing security risks, thereby fortifying the resilience of modern organizations and safeguarding critical information assets.

Interactions between neural representations of the social and spatial environment.

Even in our highly interconnected modern world, geographic factors play an important role in human social connections. Similarly, social relationships influence how and where we travel, and how we think about our spatial world. Here, we review the growing body of neuroscience research that is revealing multiple interactions between social and spatial processes in both humans and non-human animals. We review research on the cognitive and neural representation of spatial and social information, and highlight recent findings suggesting that underlying mechanisms might be common to both. We discuss how spatial factors can influence social behaviour, and how social concepts modify representations of space. In so doing, this review elucidates not only how neural representations of social and spatial information interact but also similarities in how the brain represents and operates on analogous information about its social and spatial surroundings.This article is part of the theme issue 'The spatial-social interface: a theoretical and empirical integration'.

Borders: Exclude or Relate?

Executive Summary US political discourse characterizes the US-Mexico border as a site of threat and, of necessity, exclusion. This frame ignores the importance of borders to economies, families, and culture in our increasingly interconnected world. Moreover, it leads to policies that place people at risk of victimization and death. In conceiving of the border solely in terms of exclusion, nations forego the opportunity to strengthen relationships across borders. This paper argues that the politics of humane migration require a vision of borders as sites of encounter, engagement, and relationship, rather than solely exclusion. This reconceptualization of the US-Mexico border, in particular, would strengthen relationships across borders, and prioritize cooperation between Latin America/the Caribbean and the United States, starting with regulated legal flows. It would also respond to the shared contexts of migration, including contraband in arms and drugs, criminal violence, and climate change. It articulates an alternative vision of borders as a “commons” in which mutual needs can be addressed (a commons is an issue or resource in which every one has access and involvement). Migration itself provides a perfect example of such a need. It takes place in a political climate partially but powerfully shaped by racism and classism. Thus, it has become a polarized “issue” that appears insolvable. In fact, it may not be a problem at all. Rather, in our current demographic-economic situation, as well as for our cultural well-being, migration should be treated as an asset. Insofar as it needs to be addressed, this paper delineates many possibilities. The options are not perfect and magical — the challenges are hard and diverse — but they an advance a vision of a shared cross-border space on migration. That might be a crucial move, not only for migration, but along a path that recognizes relationships and commitments of many kinds across the hemisphere and world. Recognition is not enough; real change in resources and power needs to follow. But a vision of connection rather than exclusion provides the political starting point needed for change to happen. In every political instance in which borders are used to frame migration in terms of who, how, and how much to exclude, connectedness loses ground. A politics of humane migration can only emerge if rooted in a positive vision of borders as sites of engagement and encounter.

Obstacles and countermeasures for protecting Internet of Things devices from emerging security risks

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has ushered in a paradigm shift, revolutionising the way we interact with and perceive our environment. This phenomenon has given rise to a hyper-connected ecosystem, seamlessly integrating smart devices into the fabric of homes, cities and industries. While this interconnectedness holds tremendous promise for enhancing efficiency and convenience, it concurrently exposes a complex web of security challenges. This paper delves into the intricate interplay between the expansive scope of IoT deployment and the challenges it poses to security practitioners, policymakers and technology developers alike. By critically assessing current security gaps and potential weaknesses in IoT infrastructures, the research identifies key areas of vulnerability, ranging from insecure communication protocols and inadequate device authentication to insufficient data encryption. In response to these identified challenges, the paper proposes a set of innovative and pragmatic countermeasures aimed at mitigating emerging threats to IoT security. Emphasising the importance of a holistic security framework, the suggested countermeasures span technological enhancements, policy interventions and user education initiatives. The goal is to establish a resilient security posture that not only addresses current vulnerabilities but also adapts to the evolving threat landscape, thereby fostering a more secure and trustworthy IoT ecosystem. Through this research, we aim to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on IoT security, fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics at play and providing actionable recommendations for stakeholders invested in fortifying the security foundations of our increasingly interconnected world.

Data enrichment and customer insights for hyper-personalised experiences: An automotive case study

In our increasingly interconnected world, companies are seeking to connect with their customers through multiple touch points, both offline and online. For companies specialising in products and services, success is no longer about gaining one-time momentum but rather about creating deeply personalised interactions with customers along their purchase journey. Meeting the customer’s needs requires providing them with the right information at the right place and the right time. This paper argues that those companies that are collecting and enhancing consumer data will find themselves developing the most effective targeting strategies. The paper examines how data enrichment plays an integral part in providing a better customer experience and why hyper-personalisation should be at the core of your commercialisation strategy. By way of illustration, the paper describes how Tesla Motors embarked on a programme of data enrichment and personalisation. The paper concludes with key takeaways for companies looking to achieve sustainable engagement in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.

The Urgency of Stakeholder Cyberspace Collaboration to Support Indonesia’s National Defense

In today's interconnected digital world, stakeholder collaboration in cyberspace is crucial for national defense. Advances in information and communication technology have transformed daily life but also introduced complex cyber threats like cyber warfare, cybercrimes, and cyber terrorism, challenging security and stability. The objective of this study is to emphasize the importance of collaboration among diverse stakeholders in enhancing national defense against cyber threats. The methodology involves analyzing existing literature and case studies to understand the impact of collaboration on cybersecurity maturity and national defense strategies. The research findings, derived from SWOT and PESTLE analyses, have highlighted the strengths and weaknesses in collaboration, underscoring the significance of leveraging strengths and addressing weaknesses to establish a robust defense framework. To enhance national defense against cyber threats, a holistic approach is essential, combining political collaboration, economic partnerships, social awareness programs, technological advancements, legal harmonization, and environmental resilience strategies. Key recommendations include fostering regular communication among stakeholders, pooling resources for cybersecurity investments, promoting cybersecurity education, integrating advanced technologies like AI and IoT security solutions, and aligning legal frameworks across jurisdictions.

Developing crossplatform software applications to enhance compatibility across devices and systems

In an increasingly interconnected world, the need for software applications that function seamlessly across diverse devices and operating systems is paramount. Developing crossplatform software applications addresses this need by providing a unified user experience and operational efficiency regardless of the hardware or system being used. This approach eliminates the need for multiple versions of the same application, streamlining development and reducing costs while improving accessibility and consistency. Crossplatform development involves creating software that is compatible with various operating systems such as Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android, as well as different device types including desktops, tablets, and smartphones. Key methodologies in this domain include the use of frameworks and tools such as React Native, Flutter, and Xamarin, which allow developers to write code once and deploy it across multiple platforms. These frameworks offer a range of features to enhance user interfaces, manage system resources efficiently, and ensure robust performance across devices. The benefits of crossplatform applications are manifold. They provide a consistent user experience, as the same application behaves similarly across different devices, enhancing usability and customer satisfaction. Additionally, they simplify maintenance and updates, as changes need only be implemented once rather than across multiple codebases. This approach also accelerates timetomarket by leveraging shared codebases, thereby enabling faster development cycles and quicker deployment. However, developing crossplatform applications also presents challenges. Ensuring consistent performance and functionality across diverse systems can be complex, requiring careful design and testing. Developers must also navigate varying hardware capabilities and user interface guidelines for different platforms. Despite these challenges, advances in development frameworks and tools continue to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of crossplatform solutions. In conclusion, crossplatform software development represents a strategic approach to enhancing compatibility and accessibility across devices and systems. By leveraging modern frameworks and tools, organizations can deliver cohesive, highquality applications that meet the needs of a diverse user base while optimizing development resources and costs. Keywords: : Developing, CrossPlatform, Software Applications, Compatibility, Devices.

Enhancing security and risk management with predictive analytics: A proactive approach

and interconnected world. This paper explores the transformative potential of predictive analytics in enhancing security and risk management by shifting from reactive to proactive strategies. Examining the theoretical foundations and application areas of predictive analytics, the paper highlights how organizations can anticipate and mitigate risks across various domains, including cybersecurity, fraud detection, and supply chain management. The benefits of predictive analytics, such as early threat detection and optimized resource allocation, are discussed alongside data quality, privacy, and model interpretability challenges. Additionally, emerging trends, such as artificial intelligence, real-time data analytics, and blockchain technology, are key drivers shaping the future of predictive analytics in risk management. The paper concludes by emphasizing organizations' need to integrate predictive analytics into their risk management frameworks to enhance resilience and ensure long-term success in a rapidly evolving risk landscape.

TƯƠNG LAI CỦA GIÁO DỤC ĐẠI HỌC: MÔ HÌNH MỚI CHO THẾ KỶ 21

The 21st century has brought significant challenges to higher education, including rising tuition costs, limited accessibility, and curricula that often fail to prepare graduates for the demands of the modern workforce. This paper investigates these interconnected challenges through a comprehensive review and synthesis of existing literature and research findings. The study examines the financial burdens faced by students, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds, and critiques the limitations of traditional teaching methods and assessment practices. The research proposes a transformative roadmap for higher education, emphasizing affordability, accessibility, and the cultivation of essential skills. It highlights the potential of technology to enhance access and create engaging learning environments that foster active learning. The study also advocates for a curriculum redesign that incorporates interdisciplinary approaches, problem-based learning, simulations, and critical reflection, empowering graduates to navigate a complex and interconnected world. The paper concludes by stressing the importance of collaboration among diverse stakeholders to achieve a comprehensive transformation of higher education, ensuring it remains a powerful force for social mobility, economic advancement, and individual empowerment in the 21st century. Keywords: Active learning; curriculum redesign; higher education; skills development.

Second International Avian Influenza and One Health Emerging Issues Summit

Dear esteemed guests, distinguished speakers, honorable delegates, and all participants worldwide Welcome to the International Avian Influenza and One Health Emerging Issues Summit, a premier event that brings together leading minds from across the globe to address some of the most pressing challenges in animal and human health. This year's Summit, held as a hybrid event in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA, from September 30 to October 3, 2024, is dedicated to deepening our understanding of the intricate relationships between avian influenza and the broader One Health framework. As we gather in a time of unprecedented change and global interconnectedness, the Summit offers a unique platform for experts, researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to explore the emerging issues that define the landscape of avian influenza. Our discussions will span the latest scientific research, innovative strategies for disease control, and the broader implications for public health, agriculture, and wildlife. Through a combination of in-person and virtual sessions, we aim to foster collaboration, share cutting-edge insights, and develop actionable solutions that can address the complex challenges at the intersection of animal, human, and environmental health. This Summit is not just a forum for knowledge exchange but a catalyst for forging the partnerships and policies necessary to protect global health in an increasingly interconnected world. We are excited to embark on this journey with you and look forward to the groundbreaking discussions and discoveries that will emerge over the next few days. Sincerely, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Chairman

MXene grafted porous carbon cloth with alumina for high thermal conductivity and EMI shielding effect

Thermal interface material (TIM) has a great potential for efficient heat management and safety of electronic devices. However, achieving high performance polymer-based TIM is still challenging because of its intrinsic thermal conductivity and weak mechanical properties. In particular, electromagnetic interference shielding effect (EMI SE) of polymer-based composites has a great attraction according to electronic devices have become ubiquitous, playing integral roles in everyday life in our increasingly interconnected world. Herein, a porous carbon cloth (CC) for use as a continuous thermally and electrically conductive template is prepared via a freeze-casting method, after which mxene (MX) is chemically grafted onto the CC surface. Then, the as-prepared MX-CC is used along with alumina (AO) to fill a poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix in order to fabricate a thermally conductive film with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. The resultant composite demonstrates remarkable characteristics, including an excellent EMI shielding effect of 28 dB, substantial tensile strength of 19 MPa, and impressive out of plane thermal conductivity (3.98 W/mK). When applied to a light-emitting diode (LED), the PVA/MX-CC/AO composite effectively manages heat, thereby resulting in a 49 °C reduction in the operating temperature. Therefore, the composites developed herein hold great promise for improving thermal management in electronic devices.

Crime Knows No Borders: The Necessity of International Police Cooperation

This article delves into the evolution of international police cooperation, examining its origins, challenges, and significance in addressing transnational crime. The study highlights the influence of globalization, technological advancements, and increased international travel on criminal activities, which have necessitated more sophisticated and coordinated policing efforts across borders. The discussion traces the development of police cooperation from the 19th century, where crime was initially viewed through a moral lens, to the present day, where a more scientific and international approach to policing has emerged. The article underscores the complexities of multilateral and bilateral cooperation, each with its advantages and limitations. Multilateral efforts, exemplified by organizations like INTERPOL, promote accountability and transparency but are often hindered by bureaucratic challenges. Conversely, bilateral cooperation offers agility and direct engagement but faces issues of trust and accountability. The study concludes by advocating for the continuous refinement of international policing strategies, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches to specific operational needs. Through effective collaboration, law enforcement agencies can better combat global crime networks and enhance international security in an increasingly interconnected world.

Causes of Abroad Study in Higher Education from Nepal

This study explores the factors that motivate Nepali students to study abroad as well as the obstacles they face in order to understand this phenomenon. Every year, the number of students going to study abroad from Nepal is increasing. Considering this situation, this study tries to find out why Nepali students choose to pursue their higher education overseas. A quantitative approach using surveys was used to acquire opinions from one hundred Nepali students. The findings indicate a significant propensity to study overseas in order to advance professionally, advance personally and obtain better employment prospects. Concerns regarding Nepal’s political unrest and lack of employment opportunities also play a role in decision-making for abroad study. These results highlight the complex interplay between socio-political, economic and personal factors when influencing decisions about educational migration. In order to meet the various needs of Nepali students and improve the regional educational system, policymakers and educational institutions must have a thorough understanding of these dynamics. Considering all things, the study adds to the conversation about globalization, educational mobility and the goals of young people in Nepal in an increasingly interconnected world.

Moving towards peace, compassion and empathy through semiotic enquiry

Abstract In our interconnected world, exposure to hate, fear, violence and adversarial communication is commonplace. Yet, this exposure underscores the urgent need for a more just, peaceful, and inclusive society. While research stresses the importance of nurturing peace, compassion and empathy for enhanced well-being and social justice, these three terms are rarely discussed at length in linguistics and communication studies. Little systematic work explores how language and semiotic resources actualise these ideals across contexts. This special issue, grounded in systemic functional linguistics, addresses this gap. It aims to contribute to a more just world, promote non-violent efforts for social justice, and lay the foundation for future research on the semiotics of peace, compassion and empathy. This paper outlines key definitions and contributions.

Analysis of Wireless Security and Networks using COPRAS Method

The wireless networks have become integral to our daily lives, powering everything from smart phones to smart home devices. However, alongside their benefits, wireless networks also bring forth significant security challenges. Wireless networks, unlike traditional wired networks, transmit data over the airwaves, making them susceptible to various forms of unauthorized access and data breaches. Ensuring the security of these networks is crucial to safeguard sensitive information, protect user privacy, and prevent cyber-attacks. The significance of research in wireless security and networks lies in the critical role that wireless technologies play in our interconnected world. As wireless networks become increasingly prevalent in various sectors, including communication, commerce, healthcare, transportation, and more, ensuring their security becomes paramount. Research in wireless security and networks contributes to the advancement of secure and reliable wireless technologies, protecting users' privacy, data, and overall well-being in an increasingly connected world. The COPRAS-G method requires identifying selection criteria, evaluating information related to these criteria, and developing methods to evaluate Meeting the participant's needs Criteria for doing in order to assess the overall performance of the surrogate. Decision analysis involves a Decision Maker (DM) Situation to do consider a particular set of alternatives and select one among several alternatives, usually with conflicting criteria. For this reason, the developed complexity proportionality assessment (COPRAS) method can be used. A genetic algorithm; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Differential Evolution (DE). Detection Accuracy, Resource Efficiency; Implementation Complexity; Time-to-Deployment. From the result Differential Evolution (DE) is got the first rank whereas is Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is having the lowest rank

AN EVALUATION OF MERDEKA STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAM FOR EFL INBOUND STUDENTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

This study aims to evaluate the Merdeka Student Exchange Program for EFL inbound students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka (UHAMKA). Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study explores the subjective experiences of exchange students while participating in the program. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six inbound students from different universities in Indonesia. The findings revealed two main themes: challenges and benefits. Challenges included adjusting to a new environment, cultural differences, and communication styles. Students also reported several benefits, such as meeting new people from different backgrounds, exploring new places, and experiencing a different classroom environment with different teaching methods and facilities. Significantly, students experienced personal growth through an increased understanding of global diversity, intercultural skills, and the development of qualities such as critical thinking, adaptability, and openness to difference. These findings are consistent with the literature highlighting the personal development of student exchange programs. The Merdeka Student Exchange Program at UHAMKA was proven to be a valuable initiative in promoting academic mobility, enhancing students' skills and knowledge, and fostering personal development. This research confirms the importance of exchange program in preparing students to become qualified global citizens capable of navigating the complexities of an interconnected world.