Interconnection Approach Research Articles

Climate change and sustainability education in India and the place for arts-based practice: reflections from East Kolkata Wetlands

In 2019 India was ranked seventh most affected nation by climate change, yet 65 per cent of the Indian population had not heard of climate change. India’s revised National Education Policy mentions climate change and environmental issues as part of its work towards reaching the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. However, to date, climate education in India has tended to remain the responsibility of the secondary science teacher in many schools where resources are limited. Following calls for a more holistic and multidisciplinary approach – where students can link environmental issues with their lives – we reflect on three arts-based climate education exemplars with students from the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) (n = 150, 10–17-year-olds). We consider how these frame climate change and sustainable education as a collective learning experience, rather than as scientific concepts alone. We respond to Szczepankiewicz et al.’s model for climate education and propose that teacher training in the EKW context can be conceptualised through a three-stage, interconnected approach to pedagogy: building concepts, learning through hands-on activities and building communities is central. We suggest that these three generalisable tenets of student teacher practice should be explored in other areas of ecological fragility, as well as in spaces of economic insecurity.

Genuine and sustained POM mastery from linear POM to POM system symphonies

A dramatically changing business landscape characterized by volatility and uncertainty (which in turn are driven by unpredictable alterations of conditions by such factors as geopolitical events, climate changes, disasters—natural and human causes, reduction in food, potable water, and critical materials supply along with environmental contamination), has created a situation whereby a rethink of Production and Operations Management (POM) strategies and practices is considered timely and appropriate. Against a backdrop of current POM strengths and weaknesses, and expected POM futures, a response path for POM adoption to deal with such uncertainties and risks is proposed and described in some detail. This involves the treatment of POM as a more interconnected and integrated system than has hitherto been the case. Such an interconnected approach is described as a POM symphony where all key players would be playing from the same script and the POM leader must serve as a coach‐coordinator, that is, the symphony's conductor.

Deep Generative Modelling: A Comparative Review of VAEs, GANs, Normalizing Flows, Energy-Based and Autoregressive Models.

Deep generative models are a class of techniques that train deep neural networks to model the distribution of training samples. Research has fragmented into various interconnected approaches, each of which make trade-offs including run-time, diversity, and architectural restrictions. In particular, this compendium covers energy-based models, variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, autoregressive models, normalizing flows, in addition to numerous hybrid approaches. These techniques are compared and contrasted, explaining the premises behind each and how they are interrelated, while reviewing current state-of-the-art advances and implementations.

FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL-PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN IN STATE OF MARTIAL LAW

The problem of national-patriotic education of younger schoolchildren is extremely urgent in the conditions of the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The article analyzes the Concept of National-Patriotic Education until 2025 (June 6, 2022). The author presents the characteristics of the basic definitions of the study: “patriotism”, “patriotic education”, and “national-patriotic education”. It has been proven that the implementation of national-patriotic education in primary school is important. Since primary school age (from 6 to 10 years) is the most favorable age period for the education of civic culture, the formation of patriotic views and feelings of the child, moral and ethical principles, the establishment of national identity, and interconnected approaches in the education of younger schoolchildren. New approaches and innovative forms and methods of implementing socio-pedagogical conditions of national-patriotic education of younger schoolchildren under martial law are highlighted, in particular: a nationwide minute of silence; conversations in which the issue of national identity in the conditions of war is considered; methods of forming a children’s positive attitude during the war; instruction on the rules of behavior in the information space; educational hours in the format of meetings (online meetings); workshops with the participation of volunteers, children and parents; involvement of younger schoolchildren and parents in physical education, dancing, Ukrainian military-patriotic games, and entertainment; joint viewing of patriotic cartoons and movies; conducting thematic information and educational events, etc. It is proven that the proposed forms and methods will contribute to the national-patriotic education of younger schoolchildren in the conditions of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
 Keywords: patriotism; patriotic education; national and patriotic education; civic activism; national identity; martial law; younger schoolchildren; innovative forms and methods.

Green-blue infrastructure in the built environment – sustainable and resource-saving designs for urban structures and open spaces

Urban grey infrastructure, as it generally consists of monofunctional, sealed, impervious, heating up and reflecting surfaces, has led to a series of serious challenges (urban heat stresses, loss of biodiversity, flood risks and natural hazards) decreasing urban resilience. Ongoing construction activities result in irreversible soil consumption and loss of its numerous and vital functions. However, a common understanding has been evolving that the establishment of green-blue infrastructure (GBI) supports compensating for functional losses, as they are integrative and provide pervious, absorbent, shading and non-heating up surfaces. We present a concept to holistically interconnect stand-alone approaches to improve and support constructional design for transforming green open spaces addressing specifically urban landscape construction and building greenery. The underlying state of knowledge emerges from currently four ongoing projects on advancing GBI for re-establishing ecosystem functions and diverse habitats: 1. The Circular Soil Concept targets the reuse of excavated soil materials from construction sites to produce engineered soils. These are applied as functional vegetation substrates for landscape construction and installing building greenery, saving scarce soil resources while generating large scale and vegetated areas with climate change adaptation performance. 2. The StreetTREE-Planter is designed to install urban trees in a given street infrastructure. The advanced planter systems will support extended tree lifespans, microclimatic benefits, flood protection and urban resilience. The design is based on targeted rainwater harvesting for irrigation management in alignment with water requirements and the desired microclimatic performance. 3. The GLASGrün projects generates plant-based shading designs for glass facades. As plants and their leaves do not heat up from solar radiation, vertical greenery is promising, however challenging, for green shading of glazed surfaces and for indoor and outdoor microclimatic regulation. 4. The INReS rainwater management tool was developed as a prototype web application to integrate sustainable, plant-based rainwater management systems into BIM-(Building Information Modeling)-based construction projects. It provides up-to-date design for the wider public and specific planning guidelines. In synthesis with the present and upcoming findings of these projects, a parameter-based and BIM-compatible GBI-design management tool is foreseen to better and sustainably integrate GBI systems into construction projects, and to consider the resource question.

IIoT Malware Detection Using Edge Computing and Deep Learning for Cybersecurity in Smart Factories

The smart factory environment has been transformed into an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment, which is an interconnected and open approach. This has made smart manufacturing plants vulnerable to cyberattacks that can directly lead to physical damage. Most cyberattacks targeting smart factories are carried out using malware. Thus, a solution that efficiently detects malware by monitoring and analyzing network traffic for malware attacks in smart factory IIoT environments is critical. However, achieving accurate real-time malware detection in such environments is difficult. To solve this problem, this study proposes an edge computing-based malware detection system that efficiently detects various cyberattacks (malware) by distributing vast amounts of smart factory IIoT traffic information to edge servers for deep learning processing. The proposed malware detection system consists of three layers (edge device, edge, and cloud layers) and utilizes four meaningful functions (model training and testing, model deployment, model inference, and training data transmission) for edge-based deep learning. In experiments conducted on the Malimg dataset, the proposed malware detection system incorporating a convolutional neural network with image visualization technology achieved an overall classification accuracy of 98.93%, precision of 98.93%, recall of 98.93%, and F1-score of 98.92%.

The Dynamics of Foreign Portfolio Investment and Exchange Rates: An Interconnection Approach in ASEAN

This paper examines the spatial dependence of foreign portfolio investment (FPI) inflows among ASEAN countries in 2002Q1-2018Q4 utilizing the spatial econometric approach. This paper adds clarity to the identification of the true nature of portfolio investment performances. I show a competitive relationship among ASEAN countries, indicating crowding out of FPI in the host country is most likely to occur when the neighboring country is experiencing a crowding out. I also show that exchange rate volatility and changes, both in the host country and neighboring country, do not significantly affect FPI in the host country. Furthermore, I find that, aside from macroeconomic factors of the host country, foreign investors also consider the macroeconomic conditions in the neighboring country, suggesting the existence of spatial dependency. Robustness checks are conducted to confirm the main findings of this study.

The dynamics of foreign direct investment and exchange rates: An interconnection approach in ASEAN

This paper examines the direct and spillover effects of the exchange rate on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows based on a panel of ASEAN countries for the period 2001 to 2018. We utilize the spatial econometric approach to accommodate the nature of spatial dependence among ASEAN countries. Our results suggest that the effect of the exchange rate depends on the source-region of FDI, implying the existence of spatial heterogeneity in ASEAN’s FDI. We also show that FDI inflows in ASEAN is not only influenced by the exchange rate of the country itself but also by those of the neighboring countries.

6LoWPAN in Wireless Sensor Network with IoT in 5G Technology for Network Secure Routing and Energy Efficiency

Today, interconnection and routing protocols must discover the best solution for secure data transformation with a variety of smart devices due to the growing influence of information technology, such as Internet of Things (IoT), in human life. In order to handle routing concerns with regard to new interconnection approaches like the 6LoWPAN protocol, it is required to offer an improved solution. This research propose novel technique in 6LoWPAN network secure routing and energy efficiency (EE) for WSN in IoT application based on 5G technology. Here the energy optimization has been carried out using clustered channel aware least square support vector machine (Cl_CHLSSVM). Then the secure routing has been carried out using fuzzy based Routing Protocol for low-power and Lossy Networks with kernel-particle swarm optimization (Fuz_RPL_KPSO). To serve needs of IoT applications, proposed method is cognizant of both node priorities as well as application priorities. Applications' sending rate allocation is modeled as a constrained optimization issue.Pxperimental analysis is carried out in terms of throughput of 96%, weighted fairness index of 77%, end-to-end delay of 59%, energy consumption of 86%, and buffer dropped packets of 51%.

Practice approaches to combat child trafficking in trafficking-sensitive areas in Ghana: Experiences of practitioners involved in child trafficking interventions

ObjectiveEfforts to identify child traffickers, rescue victims of Child Trafficking (CT) and facilitate a smooth reunification of children with their families remain important child protection components of the CT crisis in Ghana. This study utilizes the experiences of practitioners in three (3) regional offices of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) – International Needs Ghana, that is at the forefront of implementing national strategies aimed at protecting and safeguarding the welfare of children. MethodWe solicited the views of 15 practitioners involved in CT interventions on the approaches used to identify traffickers and rescue and care for trafficked children in Ghana. Evidence was gathered by means of semi-structured qualitative interviews. Narratives from the practitioners were organized using NVivo and analyzed thematically following reflexive thematic analysis procedures. ResultsThe study identified three inter-connected approaches used by practitioners to rescue and protect victims of trafficking. These include the following: 1) community engagements and participatory efforts, 2) The use of private investigators, 3) The provision of aftercare support to rescued children through placing them in care homes where they are prepared for reunification with their families. ConclusionBased on these, the findings recommend the intensification of trafficking awareness campaigns in rural communities where education is lacking. The National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) has been identified as an appropriate national body to spearhead such a mandate. Considering that some traffickers are protected by communities, it is recommended that government and non-profits make efforts at creating awareness in communities about the dangers of shielding traffickers through community durbars and informative sessions during cultural festivities like the “Hogbetsotso” festival, “Asogli Yam Festival”, and the “Odwira” festival. Findings also point to the need for state and non-state institutions to prepare poor families financially for the return of their trafficked children through equipping them with technical and vocational skills like bead making, soap making, weaving and carpentering. Finally, the study recommends the incorporation of trauma-informed treatments in the curriculum training of professionals like social workers and psychologists, to ensure that they provide evidence-based services for children in after-care.

Laser Patterned Flexible 4T Perovskite‐Cu(In,Ga)Se2Tandem Mini‐module with Over 18% Efficiency

Perovskite‐Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) thin‐film tandem technology provides an exciting prospect to achieve low‐cost high‐efficiency photovoltaic devices by high throughput roll‐to‐roll processing on flexible substrates. However, no report on flexible perovskite‐CIGS mini‐modules has been published due to scribing‐related challenges in realizing near‐infrared (NIR)‐transparent perovskite mini‐modules on flexible substrates. Herein, an NIR‐transparent flexible perovskite mini‐module with an efficiency of 10.8% and an NIR‐transparency of over 75% is reported. All‐laser scribed interconnection approach is used to realize monolithic interconnection of mini‐modules on thermally sensitive soft flexible substrate. An analytical method is utilized to optimize the mini‐module layout and achieve a geometric fill factor of over 93%. Further, as a proof of concept, a flexible perovskite‐CIGS tandem mini‐module with an efficiency of 18.4% on an aperture area of 2.03 cm2is demonstrated. To conclude, pathways for improving the efficiency of flexible NIR‐transparent perovskite mini‐modules are discussed.

One health the future of rural health?

One health the future of rural health?

ПОЛІПАРАДИГМАЛЬНИЙ ПІДХІД У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ

The article presents a psychological and pedagogical analysis of scientific approaches to the process of training future professionals. The content of promising scientific approaches in professional training of future specialists, in particular, integration, activity, system, which are systemic formations that organically complement, interact, integrate and thus form a system-synergistic integrity and unite in a polyparadigmatic approach. Polyparadigmatic approach, integrating complementary and interconnected approaches based on a common synergetic methodology, in which internal factors, approaches, principles, conditions, forms, methods are of paramount importance, ensures the effectiveness of the educational process, aims to implement various forms of dialogue, development professional qualities of future teachers. These approaches are based on the perception of individuality, self-worth of the individual as a carrier of subjective experience, due to the peculiarities of professional activities based on subject-subject relations, pedagogical dialogue and provides an organization of learning that integrates and reveals universal individual creativity quality of the student, there is their transformation and adaptation to professional activity in various educational and cultural institutions. Systematic analysis of scientific approaches allows to define the professional training of future teachers as a multilevel and multifaceted system, which is the unity of pedagogical values, technologies, approaches, essential strengths of the individual and aimed at creative self-expression and self-realization of future professionals. The polyparadigmatic approach is not limited to these approaches, but also contains competency, synergetic, personality-oriented, culturological, axiological, interpretive approaches that affirm the idea of social, activity, creative essence of man as a person, as a product of historical development, as a carrier of culture, spirituality.

Resistivity study of inkjet-printed structures and electrical interfacing on flexible substrates

Development and evaluation of electronics with printing techniques such as inkjet printing is currently an active subject of research with various outstanding results in sensing applications. Printing technologies have shown high efficiency and compatibility with various types of inks and substrates, enhancing the opportunity for scientific innovation and research in this field. The present work reports on the evaluation of the resistivity and the sheet resistance of inkjet-printed conductive commercial Ag-nanoparticle ink, graphene ink and a custom functionalized reduced graphene oxide ( f- rGO) ink on Kapton substrate using the Van-der-Pauw method. Two different approximations have been used to determine the sheet resistance (R s ) and the corresponding resistivity (ρ). The results showed differences in the extracted sheet resistance value, which emphasizes the importance of the adopted calculation method. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the ability to fabricate printed structures with efficient electrical connection to external devices, we have evaluated standard methods for interfacing two inkjet-printed materials on Kapton substrate, namely: commercial Ag-nanoparticle ink and graphene ink. Two standard connection techniques implementing a 4-pin Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) connector and an Amphenol Clincher connector were evaluated, along with a custom direct interconnection approach. Direct interconnection between Cu patterned tracks and printed structures attracts special interest because it addresses one of the main problems in printed electronics, which is the interfacing of the printed structure with other electronic or read-out components. Thus, the printed Ag-Graphene/Cu direct interconnection case was further investigated. Two-point [2p] and four-point [4p] measurements were performed in order to study the effect of the various probe locations of engagement to the extracted resistance. The results acquired for this interconnection method revealed the importance of the measurement probe location. To support these experimental results, FEA simulations were performed and the outcomes were consistent with the experimental findings. • Two approaches in the calculation process of sheet resistance, implementing Van-der-Pauw test structures showed the significance of the evaluation method to the results. • Application-level approaches for electrical interfacing, which utilize copper interconnections are presented and evaluated. • Both Ag ink and graphene ink can be inkjet-printed onto Kapton substrate and used as a reliableinterconnection method. • Direct interconnections revealed how the probe location, the contact resistance and the localization of electric field affect the measurement process.

Interconnecting embroidered hybrid conductive yarns by ultrasonic plastic welding for e-textiles

This article presents a novel approach for the electrical interconnection of embroidered conductive yarns with each other at defined cross-points using ultrasonic spot welding. The electrically conductive yarns are made of silver-coated copper microwires plied with polyester filament fibers into a hybrid embroidery yarn. In this study we evaluated the influence of different material properties (number of microwires of conductive yarn, fabric substrate, and adhesive film), the embroidery designs of contact pads, and the main parameters of the welding process (energy, force, amplitude, and tools) on the welded interconnection. The results were evaluated by the process yield and the contact resistance of the welded contacts. The electrical contacts were then tested for long-term reliability (elevated temperature and humidity, temperature shock change, bending, washing and drying) and analyzed. In addition, the contacts were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography and in the form of cross-sections with optical and SEM techniques to discuss interconnection and failure mechanisms. The results show that ultrasonic spot welding can enable the production of highly reliable interconnections of textile-integrated conductive yarns with contact resistances of a few milliohms that are resistant to mechanical, environmental, and washing conditions, leading to potential new manufacturing processes of e-textiles.

Analysis and Design of the Tank Feedline in Millimeter-Wave VCOs

This article presents a detailed analysis of the impact of the tank feedline on tuning range (TR) and phase noise (PN) in millimeter-wave <i>LC</i> voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). A robust extended TR design, with low PN and small die area, is later proposed, analyzed, and experimentally validated. A new interconnect approach for the coarse tuning capacitor bank is used to significantly reduce the <i>LC</i> tank routing capacitance and resistance, thus improving the TR and PN of the VCO. As a proof of concept, a 26.8-GHz VCO with a 5-bit digitally switched-capacitor bank [capacitor digital-to-analog converter (C-DAC)] is implemented using a folded feedline routing structure in a digital 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Compared to a conventional layout structure, the proposed interconnect technique yields a wider TR and lower losses while significantly improving the linearity of the C-DAC. The fabricated VCO yields a TR of 33&#x0025;, covering the extended 5G frequency band with a sufficient margin from 22.4 to 31.2 GHz, with a minimum overlap of 40&#x0025;. Moreover, it achieves a PN of &#x2212;105.5 and &#x2212;97.2 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset at the low and high bands, respectively, while dissipating 6 mW from a 1.0-V supply, corresponding to an average FOM_T of &#x2212;192.6 dBc/Hz.

A Multidisciplinary Understanding on the Industry

The distinction between B2B and "mainstream" advertising reflects the limitations of the traditional, goods-dominant (G-D) model of commerce and a value creation paradigm based on the "producer" vs. "consumer" divide. Customer (S-D) logic expands the understanding of exchange and value creation by stating that all social and economic actors participating in commerce (e.g., corporations, customers, etc.) are servicedelivering, value-creating organizations; hence, any transaction may be classified as B2B in this sense. B2B marketing (along with other sub-disciplines) may be considered relevant to'mainstream' marketing from this perspective. This broad, actor-to-actor (A2A) methodology leads to a dynamic, interconnected, and systemic approach to value creation. This article looks at how this system works as a computing architecture and the steps that need to be taken to turn it into a theoretical market model influenced by advertisement subdisciplines, marketing programmes, and sciences beyond of business.

Aesthetic of Video Poetry in Chuma Nwokolo’s “Sudan Sudan” by Al-amin El-nasir

Video poetry is an embodiment of literature called 'mediature'. This paper focuses on the new forms of poetry based on virtual reality. This is located in the fields of critical hypothesis, hermeneutics, semiotics, semantics of the text and digital culture. These new forms emerging from the expedition of literature (poetry) and new media are collectively called Digital Poetry. Digital poetry is referred to as E-poetry, short for electronic poetry, meaning a wide range of approaches to poetry that have in common the prominent and crucial use of computers or digital technologies and other devices. This work studies only video poems created to be read on the media accessible online or any video player such as electronic gadget. The paper offers the close-readings of Nwokolo’s “Sudan Sudan”one of numerous video poems available on the internet. This paper has been organized around two deeply interconnected approaches: aesthetic and analytic. The first approach judges the “novelty” of the phenomenon within a historical context. The aesthetic approach that is examined on the corpus is fundamental in order to establish a sort of typology of e-poetry and, consequently, to be able to start the analytic work. The aim of the study is on the one hand to highlight the basic features of video poems in order to make them more approachable and understandable as objects of study; and on the other it is to provide those who are interested in this new area of study with a sort of critical analysis of video poetry.

Picosecond laser patterning for ultrathin spectrally selective solar mini-modules with transparent metal-oxide multilayer electrodes

Semitransparent solar cells featuring spectrally selective light transmission have been developed for agrivoltaic applications. One novel approach for this technology is the combination of a metal-oxide multilayer electrode with an ultrathin germanium solar cell. However, the combination of this electrode possessing multiple thin silver layers with the ultrathin absorber imposes additional challenges for the laser scribing processes that are used for the module integration. In this work, we report on a picosecond laser patterning approach for the monolithic interconnection of a spectrally selective solar cell on mini-module level. We found, that a green (532 nm) and an infrared laser (1064 nm) are suitable for the scribing of the metal-oxide multilayer electrode and the ultrathin absorber. Our approach is an important step towards large scale module fabrication for versatile agrivoltaic applications.

The Implementation of Science Interconnection for Fiqh Subject at MTs MIM Langsa Aceh

This study aims to describe the implementation of the science interconnection approach in learning Fiqh carried out at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Islam Modern (MTs MIM) Langsa Aceh. This study uses a qualitative research approach. Meanwhile, data collection was carried out through in-depth observation and interview techniques. After the data is collected, the writer sorts the data, presents the data, and draws conclusions. The results showed that the teachers of Jurisprudence at MTs MIM Langsa applied the interconnection approach of Jurisprudence subjects with subjects related to other subjects and connected to learning resources that utilized the sophistication of information technology. The interconnection approach applied at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Langsa Aceh succeeded in re-knitting various religious and scientific subjects that previously occurred in a scientific and teaching dichotomy.