Intercept Survey Research Articles

Using the Australian Dietary Guidelines 2&5 education message in supermarket shopping trolleys to nudge shoppers to purchase more fruit and vegetables: A feasibility study using an intervention design.

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases; however, only one in 16 Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of modifying shopper purchasing behaviour to purchase more F&Vs using the Australian Dietary Guidelines 2&5 education message covering one-half of the base of shopping trolleys. Placards giving the message that eating 2 fruits and 5 vegetables every day for good health were placed at the base of shopping trolleys as an educational nudge. Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting paper sales receipts to measure the weight (kg), total spending and F&V-specific spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys for one Saturday. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day on non-trial shoppers. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the 2&5 education nudge placards (n = 101) purchased 1.66 kg less weight of F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 3.89 kg, SD = 3.40 kg, 95% CI = 3.21 kg, 4.56 kg, vs. Control: mean 5.55 kg, SD = 4.16 kg, 95% CI = 4.73 kg, 6.37 kg, p = 0.002) and spent less on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 102; Intervention: mean = $26.00, SD = $21.60, 95% CI = $21.78, $30.32 vs. Control: mean $36.00, SD = $27.00, 95% CI = $30.72, $42.36, p = 0.004). Intervention group shoppers also spent less in total spending between groups (Intervention: mean = $115.40, SD = $68.30, 95% CI = $101.95, $128.95 vs. Control: mean $151.30, SD = $79.40, 95% CI = $135.73, $166.93, p = 0.001). The 2&5 education nudge placard had the opposite effect as intended on shoppers' purchases to buy more F&Vs, although there may have been other differences between the intervention and the control groups since they were not randomised. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.

Using lessons learned from a multidecadal intercept survey of Puerto Rico spear fishers to improve data collection in the U.S. Caribbean

AbstractObjectiveSpearfishing is a common activity used to harvest coastal marine species worldwide and can be a significant contributor to landings of ecologically and economically relevant species. As such, it is important to monitor spearfishing catch and effort. Spearfishing is commonly practiced throughout the Caribbean, yet characteristics of this gear's fishery remain understudied in the region. Thus, the objectives of this study were to provide a description of the Puerto Rico spearfishing fishery utilizing a long‐term MRIP APAIS data set, examine the data set quality of this survey, and provide suggestions to improve MRIP implementation in the U.S. Caribbean.MethodsWe described the Puerto Rico recreational spearfishing fishery using a multidecadal (2000–2015) Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) Access Point Angler Intercept Survey conducted along the coast of Puerto Rico and surrounding territories. Data issues were identified in the survey results, including possible errors in measurement and identification; therefore, we limited analyses to species composition, enumeration, and mean catch rates.ResultThere were 89 species identified, with snappers (family Lutjanidae) being the most encountered family. Other economically relevant finfish frequently reported were Hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus (n = 121), Queen Triggerfish Balistes vetula (n = 115), and Red Hind Epinephelus guttatus (n = 90). Multiple reef fishes were landed during their spawning season, while prohibited by seasonal closures. Further, spearfishing accounted for 25.8% of the total harvest throughout the study period.ConclusionOur results suggest that spearfishing could be a considerable contributor to finfish landings in Puerto Rico, warranting its continued and improved monitoring in the region. Further, modifications in the design of fisheries surveys are warranted. We suggest increasing the allocation of resources, training, data quality assurance and quality control, and funding for the MRIP to maximize the accuracy of data obtained and meet MRIP U.S. Caribbean priorities. Implementation of a recreational fishing license would assist by creating a registry to monitor total recreational fishing effort and by generating funds to supplement the MRIP. The use of electronic reporting can help mitigate discrepancies with species identification and size measurements and enhance overall recreational fisheries data collection.

Willingness to provide a hair sample for drug testing: results from an anonymous multi-city intercept survey

ABSTRACT Background: Hair provision for drug testing can provide secondary measurement to complement self-reported drug use data, thereby providing a more accurate representation of an individual’s drug use. Understanding factors associated with hair provision offers valuable insights into recruitment methods. Objective: To identify demographic and drug-related correlates of providing hair samples in a multi-site venue-intercept study. Methods: We utilized venue-intercept sampling for our Rapid Street Reporting study across 12 US cities between January and November 2022. Participants reported past 12-month drug use and were asked if they would provide a hair sample. We conducted multivariable (generalized linear model with logit link) analyses on demographics and drug use characteristics correlated to hair provision for drug testing. Results: Among 3,045 participants, 55.8% were male, 13.6% provided hair samples. Compared to males, those identifying as “other gender” had higher odds of hair collection (adjusted odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.28–3.80). Participants identifying as Black (aOR = 0.32, CI: 0.23–0.45) or “other race” (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29–0.80) had lower odds of providing hair than those identifying as White. All levels of reported drug use - one drug (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.15-1.96), two-three drugs (aOR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.11-2.05), four or more (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.50–3.01) – had higher odds of providing hair samples than those reporting no drug use. Similar associations applied to reporting cannabis use with or without another drug (aOR = 1.52–1.81, 95% CI: 1.15–2.38). Conclusion: Differential hair provision based on participant sex, race/ethnicity, and drug use may introduce biases in drug testing, limiting generalizability to individuals from minority backgrounds.

How temporary disruption of metro service influence metro commuters’ mode shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from Tianjin, China

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the commuting behavior of urban residents has been profoundly influenced. However, little research has focused on commuting travel changes in the aftermath of metro disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A face-to-face intercept survey was conducted at the metro stations that have been closed to reveal the mode preferences of metro commuters. The latent class analysis and multinominal logit model were used to assess the heterogeneity in metro commuters’ travel behavior and examine the determinants that influence commuters’ mode shifts response to the temporary metro disruption, respectively. Results show that metro commuters who have chosen other transportation modes during metro system disruption can be classified into three groups, “conservative commuters”, “neutral commuters” and “dauntless commuters”. Metro commuters are most likely to choose cars (including private cars, taxis, and ride-hailing), followed by active modes and other unclosed public transport. In the “conservative commuters” group, the more family members the respondents have, the less likely they are to use other unclosed public transport. In the “neutral commuters” group, compared to high-income individuals, low-income commuters are more inclined to use active modes and work-from-home. In the “dauntless commuters” group, the higher the level of education of respondents, the more they are inclined to use active mode and car. Research findings can help the government develop comprehensive policies to deal with disruptions in the metro system, arising not only from epidemics similar to COVID-19 but also from a range of other circumstances.

Fear of Sexual Harassment Accusations: A Hidden Barrier to Opposite-Gender Mentoring in Taiwan?

While legal protections against sexual harassment are crucial, their implementation could have unintended consequences. This study explores the potential downside of these protections-fear of false accusations-and its impact on cross-gender mentoring in Taiwanese workplaces. Drawing on social exchange theory, we investigate how fear of accusations might discourage valuable mentoring relationships between men and women. Through an intercept survey, we examined whether these concerns may lead to reduced mentoring opportunities for women, potentially hindering their career advancement. We proposed new constructs and analyzed the model using SmartPLS 4.1. Our findings reveal a complex dynamic: fear of accusations does appear to decrease cross-gender mentoring, raising concerns about its impact on women's career trajectories. However, the findings also suggest that men support sexual harassment laws, still believing these laws are needed. We discuss our model and its implications; additionally, we emphasize the need for strategies that balance legal protections while also fostering positive mentoring relationships.

Transportation Tourism – Generation Z Satisfaction Towards AIRQUAL on Low-Cost Airlines

The Airline Deregulation of Act 1978 created a new type of airline that is both cheap and affordable which is known as low-cost carriers (LCCs). Low Cost-Carriers (LCCs) are defined as airline that differentiates themselves in the market through reduced ticket prices. This paper investigate the relationship between Generation Z satisfaction on LCC airlines based on AIRQUAL dimensions. The paper also aims to determine what factor influences Generation Z satisfaction the most based on the AIRQUAL dimension. Data was collected via face-to-face intercept survey at arrival lounges of Kuala Lumpur International Airport Terminal 1 (KLIA T1) and Kuala Lumpur International Airport Terminal 2 (KLIA T2) of Low-Cost Airlines (LCCs) passengers, particularly Generation Z. In total, 227 valid responses were used for the final analysis. The study used Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) to test validate the research model and hypothesis posted. The result revealed that Generation Z's satisfaction as a passenger is significantly affected by the AIRQUAL model. The study contributed to passenger satisfaction in the LCC sector is of the utmost importance for both airlines and the broader tourism industry, specifically concerning the service quality of LCCs by using the AIRQUAL framework. Furthermore, study of LCC passenger satisfaction yields valuable insights into the preferences and expectations of cost-conscious passengers. This information was significant for destinations and tourism businesses seeking to attract and cater to this market segment.

Direct Observations of Intergenerational Visits and Activities at Six Local Recreational Parks in Victoria, Australia.

This study was an observational design using direct observations of park visitors over three consecutive months and an intercept survey of a subsample of older visitors in six community parks in Victoria, Australia. The number of visitors, activity interaction, type of accompaniment (e.g.,intergenerational, family, group), and physical activity level were recorded and reported descriptively. A total of 5,373 visitors were observed with 43.3% (n = 2,327) children and 10% (n = 537) older people. Most visitors attended with company (55.9%-97.7%), with older people's most common accompaniments being intergenerational groups (n = 164, 30.5%). Within the observed intergenerational instances, 35% were older people and 45.1% children. Most people from all age groups were observed to be physically active (≥78%). Survey respondents (n = 48) reported attending the park alone (47.9%) or with company (e.g.,22.9% grandchildren, 12.5% a partner/friend). Approximately a third of respondents reported exercising with their grandchildren in the designated space. A large proportion of older visitors were observed with intergenerational accompaniment in local parks, with most grandparents and their grandchildren observed to be physically active. The active spaces, which include multigenerational outdoor equipment, may be an attractive setting for both children and older adults to foster intergenerational interaction and engagement in physical activity.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TOURIST LOYALTY ON PERSONAL MOTIVES, DESTINATION IMAGE, SATISFACTION AND REVISIT INTENTION TO ECOTOURISM DESTINATIONS OF MALAYSIA

The purpose of this study is to investigates the mediating effects of loyalty on the relationships between personal motives, destination image, satisfaction and revisit intention to ecotourism destinations of Malaysia. In terms of research methodologies, this study adopted cross-sectional study and quantitative research approach. The data for this study, the survey questionnaires were distributed by using intercept survey method and 400 respondents’ samples were collected from the three different national parks and ecotourism sites in Malaysia. By using quantitative research design, there are three hypotheses developed and tested by using Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM: version 4) and SPSS (version 29) for demographic and descriptive analysis. The empirical findings of this study presented that loyalty mediated the relationship between, tourist’s satisfaction, destination image, personal motivates and revisit intention to the ecotourism destination of Malaysia. Based on the comprehensive literature and findings, this study attempted to make both academic and industry perspective contribution which engage with ecotourism one of the potential sectors of tourism industry in Malaysia. In theoretical contribution, this study addressed loyalty as mediating factor which has impact of the factors of tourist revisit intention. Mentioning the practical implication, the significant effect of tourist loyalty on the relationships between tourist’s satisfaction, destination image, personal motives and tourist revisit intention expressed the importance of tourist behavioural factors for increasing the revisit intention rate to the national parks. Finally, the study concluded the discussion on findings and implications.

Mall relevance, shoppers' well-being and mall loyalty: moderating role of social media celebrity

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the relationship between mall relevance dimensions [(functional relevance (FNR), symbolic relevance (SYR), social relevance (SOR) and environmental relevance (ENR)] and shoppers' well-being (SWB), which in turn influences mall loyalty (ML). In addition, this study aims to investigate the moderating effect of social media celebrities (SMCs) on the association between SWB and ML.Design/methodology/approachA mall intercept survey was used to collect responses from mall shoppers. The authors received 426 valid responses from mall shoppers in Pakistan's three metropolitan cities (i.e. Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad). To test the hypotheses, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used.FindingsFindings reveal that FNR, SYR, ENR and SOR significantly and positively influence SWB. Similarly, SWB significantly affects ML. Moreover, SMCs moderate the positive relationship between SWB and ML.Originality/valueThis study is one of the pioneer studies examining mall relevance dimensions on SWB. In addition, this study contributes to the retailing literature by testing the moderation effect of SMCs on the relationship between SWB and ML. Likewise, this study provides insights for mall administration to focus on mall relevance in terms of FNR, SYR, ENR and SOR to enhance the current and prospects' SWB. Next, SMCs play a key role in enhancing SWB and ML.

Shared bikes vs. private e-scooters. Understanding patterns of use and demand in a policy-constrained micromobility environment

Urban mobility has undergone a transformation with the advent of micromobility vehicles, leading to a multitude of studies investigating the factors that drive early adoption and the sustainability and equity implications. However, in a context where local administrations struggle regarding how to fit different micromobility systems within the urban ecosystem, little is understood about how political regulations impact micromobility users' modal choices This study aims to shed light on the differences between private e-scooters and shared bikes in Barcelona, a city where micromobility options face distinct regulatory frameworks, and also to understand the factors that influence an individual's choice between these two modes of micromobility. The study employs a self-reported intercept survey on 651 micromobility users and builds a logistic binary regression model to examine the characteristics that differentiate e-scooter and shared bike adopters. Results indicate notable differences between adopters of the two modes and suggest that city regulations might play a role in determining the choice of mode. Furthermore, the study finds that while both modes follow similar mode replacement paths, shared bikes have a higher potential to keep users away from cars. These findings contribute to the limited knowledge on the choice between different modes of micromobility and highlight the impact of policy design on diverse population groups. As more cities are banning free-floating from city centres, it is essential to understand how these selective bans and restrictive policies have an impact on micromobility users' modal choices.

At the nexus of grocery access and transportation: Assessing barriers and preferences for alternative approaches to enhancing food access

IntroductionMost households, especially those experiencing food insecurity, choose their preferred food retailers based on prices, rather than proximity. However, food-insecure households are often transit-dependent, further burdening vulnerable households seeking healthy, affordable groceries. This study sought to better understand the multi-faceted transportation experiences of households with varying food security levels and preferences for grocery access models designed to help overcome transportation barriers to groceries. MethodsQuestionnaires assessing household's transportation modes and preferences for accessing groceries, and their preferences for proposed grocery access models were collected through intercept and online surveys. ResultsOf the 578 survey respondents, 35% were nonwhite; 22% at risk for food insecurity; 29% without a household car. Respondents at risk for food insecurity had longer travel times (20 min or more) to the grocery store (35%) compared with food-secure respondents (14%), as did transit-dependent respondents (31%) compared to households with access to a car (13%). Most at risk for food insecurity, low education, or nonwhite respondents preferred to drive a household car to the store, whereas most food-secure, high education, or white respondents preferred to walk. Respondents indicated they would be likely or very likely to use the following general grocery access models—grocery delivery (28%), and rideshare (22%)—and neighborhood-market based models—veggie box (50%), pre-chopped produce (36%), and extra $10 SNAP (35%). Preferences for the different models varied by respondents’ demographic, transportation, and food security status. ConclusionsResults suggest unequal transportation-based access to preferred grocery stores among respondents, with longer travel times for those most vulnerable to food insecurity. Respondents’ preferences for grocery access models—which may have changed since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic—provide insight for designing a multi-faceted policy approach to transportation barriers to grocery access.

Using a divider nudge in supermarket shopping trolleys to increase fruit and vegetable purchases: A feasibility study using an intervention design.

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases: however, only one in 16 Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of covertly modifying shopper purchasing behaviour to purchase more F&Vs using a visual divider nudge message (prompts) covering the entire base of shopping trolleys. Placards provided a visual representation of the recommended proportion of the trolley base that should be allocated to fruits and vegetables (implied social norm). Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting receipts to measure the weight (kg), total spending and F&V specific spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys for one weekend day only. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day on non-trial shoppers. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the divider nudge placards (n = 102) purchased equal weight of F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 6.25 kg, SD = 5.60 kg, 95% CI = 5.14 kg, 7.35 kg, vs. Control: mean 6.03 kg, SD = 5.17 kg, 95% CI = 5.01 kg, 7.04 kg, p = 0.768) and spent equal amounts on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 102) (Intervention: mean = $41.46, SD = $36.68, 95% CI = $34.25, $48.66, vs. Control: mean $39.85, SD = $33.30, 95% CI = $33.34, $46.39, p = 0.744). There was no difference in the total spending between groups (Intervention: mean = $135.99, SD = $90.10, 95% CI = $118.29, $153.68, vs. Control: mean $155.68, SD = $96.46, 95% CI = $136.73, $174.63, p = 0.133). The divider nudge placard did not lead to any difference in shoppers' purchases of F&Vs. However, this study demonstrates the feasibility of testing a cheap, simple and easy supermarket nutrition intervention. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.

Food Is Medicine for Individuals Affected by Homelessness: Findings from a Participatory Soup Kitchen Menu Redesign.

Health disparities among people experiencing homelessness are likely exacerbated by limited access to healthy, fresh, and minimally processed foods. Soup kitchens and shelters serve as essential food safety nets for preventing hunger in this population, and community interest is growing in the potential of "food is medicine" interventions to improve the mental and physical wellbeing of people who receive meals from these providers. This study describes our two-phase approach to first identify and prioritize nutrition needs within an urban soup kitchen community and then test and implement new recipes and menu guidelines to help the standard soup kitchen menu better align with those priorities. We began by first conducting a nutrition needs assessment, including a collection of intercept surveys from a convenience sample of soup kitchen guests to better understand their nutrition-related health needs, dental issues, food preferences, and menu satisfaction (n = 112), as well as a nutrition analysis of the standard menu based on seven randomly selected meals. Most respondents reported at least one chronic health condition, with depressive disorders (50.9%) and cardiovascular diseases (49.1%) being the most common. Nearly all guests requested more fruits and vegetables at mealtimes, and results from the menu analysis revealed opportunities to lower meal contents of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars and to raise micronutrient, fiber, and omega-3 content. We then applied these nutrition needs assessment findings to inform the second phase of the project. This phase included the identification of new food inventory items to help support cardiovascular and mental health-related nutrition needs, taste test sampling of new healthy menu items with soup kitchen guests, and hands-on culinary medicine training to kitchen staff on newly-developed "food is medicine" guidelines to support menu transformation. All taste tests of new menu items received over 75% approval, which exceeded satisfaction ratings of the standard menu collected during the phase 1 needs assessment. Findings from this community-based participatory research project confirm the great potential for hunger safety net providers to support critical nutrition needs within this vulnerable population through strategic menu changes. However, more research is needed on the longitudinal impacts of such changes on health indicators over time.

Transport Assessment Using Bayesian Method to Determine Ride-Hailing in Kula Lumpur: A Case Study

This research was designed to investigate the factors affecting the frequency of use of ride-hailing in a fast-growing metropolitan region in Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur. An intercept survey was used to conduct this study in three potential locations that were acknowledged by one of the most famous ride-hailing companies in Kuala Lumpur. This study used non-parametric and machine learning techniques to analyze the data, including the Pearson chi-square test and Bayesian Network. From 38 statements (input variables), the Pearson chi-square test identified 14 variables as the most important. These variables were used as predictors in developing a BN model that predicts the probability of weekly usage frequency of ride-hailing. According to the final model, the attitude of the commuters towards the speed of ride-hailing over hailing regular taxis was the most important and presented in all probability conditions. Several related studies also identified ride-hailing speed as one of the top reasons for using this travel option. The findings of this study imply that commuters still compare the ride-hailing services with the traditional taxis in Kuala Lumpur, especially in terms of complementarity to other modes, ease of payment, ease of access, and speed. It is critical to have a sustainable strategy for keeping commuters’ satisfaction at the highest level because if the ride-hailing services cannot meet the commuters’ expectations, they may switch back to conventional transport options.

Predictors of rural driver self-reported passing behaviors when interacting with farm equipment on the roadway

BackgroundCrashes involving farm equipment (FE) are a major safety concern for farmers as well as all other users of the public road system in both rural and urban areas. These crashes often involve passenger vehicle drivers striking the farm equipment from behind or attempting to pass, but little is known about drivers’ perceived norms and self-reported passing behaviors. The objective of this study is to examine factors influencing drivers' farm equipment passing frequencies and their perceptions about the passing behaviors of other drivers. MethodsData were collected via intercept surveys with adult drivers at local gas stations in two small rural towns in Iowa. The survey asked drivers about their demographic information, frequency of passing farm equipment, and perceptions of other drivers' passing behavior in their community and state when approaching farm equipment (proximal and distal descriptive norms). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between descriptive norms and self-reported passing behavior. ResultsSurvey data from 201 adult drivers showed that only 10% of respondents considered farm equipment crashes to be a top road safety concern. Respondents who perceived others passing farm equipment frequently in their community were more likely to report that they also frequently pass farm equipment. The results also showed interactions between gender and experience operating farm equipment in terms of self-reported passing behavior. Conclusions/implicationsResults from this study suggest local and state-level norms and perceptions of those norms may be important targets for intervention to improve individual driving behaviors around farm equipment.

O.2.2-8 Delapré Walk Project: are signposted walking routes an effective intervention to increase engagement in urban parks? –Natural experimental study

Abstract Purpose Investigate the effect on visitors' greenspace engagement by retro-fitting wayfinding, to create a looped walking route, within an urban park. Methods 1. An online-survey was distributed (23rd March – 3rd May 2021) to determine public perceptions of wayfinding's role for recreational physical activity within the urban park and explore what information should be included on wayfinding. 2. Automated and manual counts were monitored on footpaths where the new wayfinding was installed at baseline (4th March – 26th August 2021) and follow-up (29th August 2021 – 29th August 2022). A QR code accessed intercept survey was provided on the wayfinding to understand route-user visitation habits. 3. Intercept go-along interviews were conducted on 8th, 14th, 24th September 2022 to explore visitor’s reasoning for using the park and engagement with the wayfinding intervention. Results Phase 1: Themes from 266 survey respondents suggested wayfinding could increase visitors’ confidence to explore, perceptions of safety, motivation to walk further, and reduced anxiety. Directional arrows, total distance of the route, consistent colours and fonts, a map of the route, local information of interest, and emergency contact information were the main components that respondents strongly agreed should be included on wayfinding. Phase 2: Manual and automated counts showed no consistent change in daily footfall between baseline and follow-up. However, 23% of route users reported they were following the signs at 12-month follow-up. Intercept survey respondents appeared to be infrequent park users, with the new wayfinding making them feel less anxious about exploring unfamiliar areas, motivating them to walk further than originally planned, and helping them ‘take notice’ of the landscape. Phase 3: Interviewees (n=28) valued the detachment from the urban environment that the park provided, which gave positive experiences to wellbeing, mental health, and social connections. Wayfinding was valued by irregular park users to help them confidently explore the park. Conclusions Retro-fitting wayfinding in an urban park helps irregular users engage in the greenspace and wayfinding design needs to integrate with the natural environment to keep contrast with urban environments. The project illustrated the value of qualitative methods within natural experimental studies to capture intervention impacts. Support/Funding Source University of Northampton

The antecedent cognitions of brand love and its impact on brand loyalty: the moderating role of sustainability marketing

PurposeThis study aims to examine the moderating effect of sustainability marketing on brand loyalty of brands that advertise their sustainable development agenda goals. The study highlights the mediating effect of brand love having cognitive antecedents of brand authenticity, popularity and congruence with private and social self of the consumer.Design/methodology/approachA mall intercept survey was used to collect data from consumers who use brands that embrace sustainable marketing strategies. Only those brands were selected which are popular as well as advertise sustainable practices in their brand communication (mainstream and social media). The data was self-administered by trained research assistants, who gathered data from a sample of 350 respondents.FindingsThe findings revealed that the popularity and authenticity of a brand play an essential role in developing brand love and later influences brand loyalty behavior. A larger effect is seen on brand love when there is congruence of private and social self with the brand. The brand has even a stronger relationship with brand loyalty when moderated by sustainability marketing.Research limitations/implicationsBrand love has the potential for long-term influences, only if sustainability marketing is used as a backbone. Brand managers should target an authenticity-seeking segment of consumers, who once convinced can lead to repeat business and brand loyalty and reduce dissonance. As sustainability marketing provides multiple benefits, genuine branding strategies should be devised that amalgamate into a single message spun around sustainability concerns and connecting the ethos of authenticity, popularity and self-expression. Future research may take into consideration more categories than this study on clothing, and consumer goods, adopting a mixed-methods approach. Moreover, a range of potential antecedents of brand love can be determined along with potential outcomes when aligned with external efforts such as sustainability, corporate social responsibility and international investment.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating the moderating role of sustainability marketing on the relationship between brand love and brand loyalty and the mediating role of brand love between brand authenticity, popularity, social/private-self-expression and brand loyalty. It is also the first study documenting how sustainability marketing reinforces the brand loyalty for popular brands in developing countries like Pakistan. This study fills a research gap as it expands the existing literature on sustainability marketing and brand love that is generally focused on brand dimensions and not the brand communications and thus has not reached similar results.

Food recovery and produce distribution as a system strategy for increasing access to healthy food among populations experiencing food insecurity: lessons for post-pandemic planning.

Using data from an intercept survey of 428 adults who received free surplus produce at five distribution sites and qualitative data from 15 interviews with site personnel, we examined facilitators (e.g. community partnerships, coalition support) and challenges (e.g. limited refrigerated storage, lack of transportation infrastructure) to operating a food recovery and distribution program in Los Angeles County. Overall, this food system intervention appeared to fill an unmet need for recipients, nearly 80% of whom were food insecure and 60% visited a site several months/year or monthly. For many living in this county's underserved communities, this effort was instrumental in increasing access to healthy food before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To sustain/expand this program's reach, local governments and food assistance programs should provide greater coordination and oversight, and invest more resources into this food recovery and distribution infrastructure.

Delapré Walk project: Are signposted walking routes an effective intervention to increase engagement in urban parks? -Natural experimental study.

Spatial education interventions in the built environment may increase engagement with urban greenspace. This research was a natural experimental study with mixed-method evaluation and repeated cross-sectional design. Twenty-four directional wayfinding signs were installed within an urban park to create a 3km signposted walking route through the park's amenities in a clockwise direction. Manual counts on one path and bi-directional automated active infrared counts on six paths along the intervention route were conducted at baseline and 12-month follow-up. A QR code accessed intercept survey was open throughout the follow-up phase to capture user experiences, views, and attitudes toward the intervention. There was no consistent difference in manual counts at baseline or 12-month follow-up between intervention and control parks. Automated counts showed no consistent significant change in clockwise footfall between baseline (median automated count range across six counters: 10-130 clockwise counts per day) and follow-up (Autumn to Winter follow-up median automated count range across six counters: 13-103 clockwise counts per day; Spring to Summer follow-up median automated count range across six counters: 13-124 clockwise counts per day). However, 23% (11 out of 48 people) of clockwise travelling route users reported they were following the signs at 12-month follow-up. Intercept survey respondents (n=27) appeared to be infrequent park users (number of respondents for 'my first visit': 7, and 'one to two times per month: 9), with the new signs making them feel less anxious about exploring unfamiliar areas, while motivating them to walk further than originally planned and helping them to 'take notice' of the landscape. Directional wayfinding for recreational walking appears to help infrequent users engage with urban greenspace.

“Primary Sources Belong in a Library but in a Special Place”: Corporate Identity and User Perspective on the Positioning of Archives in Academic Libraries

ABSTRACT This study used the theoretical framework of stakeholder theory to explore users’ perceptions of archives and how this perception impacts their use of the archives. Using an intercept survey of archives’ users actively conducting research in the reading rooms of five institutions, this study gathered data relating to how users perceive archives and libraries, their thoughts on the positioning of archives, and what they believe successful archival research looks like. Findings indicate that users value the archives and the materials they hold; however, only some users identify as archives users, and many do not acknowledge the archives beyond being a network of collections. These findings suggest users’ perceptions may be limiting their use of the resource and their potential for information-seeking success, indicating that archives have a lot of opportunity to enhance their presence and impact with users.