Interaction Situations Research Articles

The effects of overhearing on vocabulary learning in ethnic majority and minority preschool children.

Research shows that infants and preschoolers can learn novel words equally well through addressed speech as through overhearing two adults. However, most of this research draws from samples of ethnic majority children. The current study compares word learning in preschoolers (M age = 5;6) with an ethnic minority and an ethnic majority background (N = 132). An experimenter of the majority group (representative for most teachers in Flemish education) told a story in three different interaction situations: Addressed Speech, Overhearing Classroom and Overhearing Two Adults. Results show that children of both ethnic groups learn novel words in Addressed Speech and in Overhearing Classroom equally well. However, minority children learned significantly fewer words in Overhearing Two Adults. This study suggests important differences in how ethnic majority and minority children learn through indirect speech in educational (monolingual) settings. In addition, the study scrutinizes the potential role of social identification in overhearing mechanisms.

The Relationship between Motivation and the Role of the Night of the Museums Event: Case Study in Oradea Municipality, Romania

Cultural events are relevant attractions in contemporary cities that can be understood as celebrations, but also as agents of urban change. The primary objective of this study is to identify emerging themes in the area of cultural events, especially the Night of Museums, and to highlight the relationships among museums as places of learning and aesthetic satisfaction. To reach this goal, an exploratory and descriptive study was conducted. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and Regression Analysis were further performed. The results show that physical environment and situational interactions play a decisive role in contextual perception of the importance of events. Curiosity, gratuity, the need to learn and spending free time in the most pleasant way are just a few reasons that lead citizens to direct their attention in a special way. Additionally, this study not only limited to cultural tourism, but also contributes to literature in the area of economy, sustainability and environment. Moreover, our findings have implications for policy makers to identify practices and education that can improve the understanding of cultural and social value.

USING “WORD CLOUDS” FOR LANGUAGE TRAINING OF FOREIGN MEDICAL STUDENTS

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspect of using «word clouds» to create activities when teaching philological disciplines aimed at the formation of the professional and communicative competency (development of language and professional competences) of foreign students of the medical faculty whose language of instruction is English. It is worth mentioning that the tasks created using the «Word Cloud» technology integrate work with lexical material (lexemes, phrases, sentences) and controlled as well as free practice on producing utterances on professional topics, dialogue simulation according to various models (doctor – hypochondriac patient, doctor – inattentive patient, doctor – talkative patient, doctor – silent patient, doctor – hostile patient), which contributes to the implementation of speech behaviour tactics to achieve the communication goal, demonstrating a good command of the techniques aimed at establishing professional contacts. It is stressed that foreign students established logical and semantic connections between lexemes / phrases / sentences when working with «word clouds». Interactive situations described in the research are close to the real conditions of the professional activity of future specialists in the medical field, which reproduce the possibility of extensive communication in standard situations, as well as in communication conditions with elements of unpredictability, accompanied by a visual demonstration of educational information using «word clouds». Special attention is focused on the didactic possibilities of «word clouds» for teaching and learning philological disciplines as they are used in multiple variations, namely: 1) as a lexical minimum for transforming aphorisms / questions / dialogical units / the topic and content of the lesson; 2) as an algorithm for modelling communicative situations in accordance with professional activity, for writing cinquains; 3) as a tool for creating associative series (anatomical terminology, clinical terminology, diseases, symptoms, drugs, medications, painful conditions, etc.), instructions that establish the rules for medical assistance to the victim (based on key words), terminological dictionaries to learn and consolidate medical vocabulary on educational topics; 4) as a visual tool that contributes to the cognitive activity of medical students in terms of mastering skills in perceptive and productive types of speech activity in educational and professional communication situations, as well as to the formation of their intellectual and creative abilities. The conclusion is drawn that working with word clouds» created by the teacher/students, in combination with communicative tasks, contributes to the accumulation of linguistic and communicative experience, expanding of the active vocabulary, acquiring of phonetic, lexical and grammatical skills.

Excited Non-Local Microelongated Semiconductor Layer Thermal-Optical Mechanical Waves Affected by Rotational Field

The main goal of this research is to provide a novel model that describes an optically heated layer of an excited non-local microelongated semiconductor material. In a rotating field, the model is examined as the photo-excitation processes occur. The model presents the microelongation scalar function, which describes the microelement processes according to the micropolar-thermoelasticity theory. The model analyses the interaction situation between optical-thermomechanical waves under the impact of rotation parameters when the microelongation parameters are taken into consideration according to the photo-thermoelasticity theory. During the electronic and thermoelastic deformation, the fundamental governing equations were obtained in dimensionless form, and they were investigated using the harmonic wave methodology. Two-dimensional general solutions for the fundamental fields of an isotropic, homogeneous, and linear non-local microelongated semiconductor medium are derived (2D). The free surface of the medium is subjected to several conditions to produce complete solutions due to the laser pulse. The physical properties of silicon (Si) material are used to show numerical modeling of the main fields. Some comparisons are made and graphically shown under the impact of various relaxation time and rotational parameters.

Friction hysteretic behavior of supported atomically thin nanofilms

Hysteretic friction behavior has been observed on varied 2D nanofilms. However, no unanimous conclusion has yet been drawn on to the exact mechanism or relative contribution of each mechanism to the observed behavior. Here we report on hysteretic friction behavior of supported atomically thin nanofilms studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Load dependent friction measurements were conducted on unheated and heated samples of graphene, h-BN, and MoS2 supported by silica substrates. Two diverging friction trends are reported: the unheated samples showed higher friction during unloading than during loading, and the heated samples showed a reversed hysteresis. Further, the friction force increased sub-linearly with normal force for heated samples, compared with unheated samples. Tapping mode AFM suggested that the interaction strength of the substrate was increased with heating. Roughened substrates in the MD simulations that mimicked strong/weak interaction forces reproduced the experimental observations and revealed that the evolution of real contact area in different interface interaction situation caused the diverging behaviors. Surface roughness and interaction strength were found to be the key parameters for controlling the out-of-plane deformation of atomically thin nanofilms.

Pedestrian Behavior in Shared Spaces With Autonomous Vehicles: An Integrated Framework and Review

Pedestrians will increasingly have to share their space with autonomous vehicles (AVs), at pedestrian crossings, and in urban shared spaces where segregation between pedestrians and vehicles is minimized. This article proposes an integrative framework to analyze pedestrian behavior in shared spaces with AVs. Following the “perception-cognition-action” cycle, the proposed framework breaks down pedestrian behavior into 3 parts: 1. Sensation and Perception; 2. Emotion and Cognition; 3. Action and Communication. The framework is used to review and synthesize current knowledge on pedestrian behavior in urban shared spaces. Studies involving pedestrians in shared environments with AVs are limited. Since an AV can be seen as a hybrid of a conventional car and a mobile robot, this review includes studies on pedestrian behavior with conventional cars and with mobile robots as well as with AVs. Examining pedestrian behavior in these three situations of interaction allows us to make assumptions about how humans will behave in sharing their urban spaces with AVs. The reviewed interactions reveal that pedestrians have diverse and imperfect behaviors. AVs must consider this variety of behaviors and follow socially compliant rules in order to be understood and accepted by pedestrians. Perspectives for AVs in shared spaces and research directions are also identified.

A review of effects of visual environmental factors on interpersonal cognition and behavior: Focusing on brightness, color, and depth

AbstractMany interpersonal cognitions and behaviors, such as impression formation, communication, and cooperation, are controlled and performed while surrounded by the built environment. This study reviewed over 20 years of literature on the influence of visual environmental factors, particularly brightness, color, and depth, on interpersonal cognition and behavior. Twelve articles on brightness were extracted, showing that the effects of brightness varied significantly depending on individual characteristics, interpersonal relationships, and interactional situations. Thirteen articles on color revealed that various factors such as age, gender, and interpersonal relationships are involved in the influence process. Eight articles that examined influences from depth (spaciousness and height) indicated that influences from depth are a highly complex process. Finally, the study has shown areas for further research, challenges to be overcome, and prospects.

SPEECH FORMULA OF ETIQUETTE IN THE CARNIVAL PLAYS OF HANS SACHS AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN

The article aims to study the form and functions of some etiquette speech formulas in Early New High German. On the material Hans Sachs’s carnival play Das Narrenscheyden (Cure of Fools, 1557) from the standpoint of speech etiquette, the cases of using addresses, greetings, farewells, requests, advice, etc. are analyzed. The methodological basis is determined by the theoretical position of historical pragmatic linguistics of the potential possibility of using old texts as a source of linguistic material. The article presents for the first time the specificity of the use of speech formulas of etiquette in the works of H. Sachs in the aspect of their translation into modern Russian. Particular attention is paid to the features of the genre of Shrovetide plays, as well as to the problem of translating of Knittelvers, traditionally aligned in Russian into iambic tetrameter. The article notes the role of H. Sachs as one of the first authors of his time, who consistently assigned linguistic features of social differentiation to the speech of the characters. In this regard, an attempt is made to trace the variability of etiquette speech formulas depending on the situation of speech interaction. In addition to thе main functions of etiquette formulas, regulatory and characterizing functions are distinguished (etiquette speech formulas as markers of the development of dramatic action and means of creating character images). The obtained results contribute to the study of the features of speech interaction, presented on the basis of texts from distant eras and their translations.

Functional Literacy vs Regional Component: From Concept to Design and Development of Tasks

The article is devoted to the issues of functional literacy as a competence of the individual, which reveals itself in situations of everyday existence and social interaction. The authors consider the region as a resource environment for the development of a teacher who is able to form the functional literacy of a student, as well as a space for the formation of global competencies, creative thinking and reading literacy of students. In the course of the study, the main methodological principles were applied, allowing to make the transition from the idea of the significance of the regional space for the formation of functional literacy through the design of tasks in the Omsk linguocultural space to the formation of prototypes of universal tasks, demonstrate a consistent change in the procedures of deduction and induction. The modern school actively includes a regional component in the educational process, relying mainly on the local history aspect. The authors of the article substantiate the close relationship between the regional component of the content of education and the tasks of developing functional literacy. Based on texts with regional content, they prove that assignments based on regional language material can be effectively used to develop functional literacy in general and its individual components: global competencies, creative thinking, reading literacy. At the same time, the authors also note the shortcomings of regional material — the lack of universality, binding to the territory, outside of which it loses its relevance and influencing potential. The authors offer methodological developments (methodological modules) based on the Omsk material, which are based on an invariant that allows variation depending on the region of study. The article describes and comments on the experience of holding philological events (the Russian language Olympiad “Philological Journey through Omsk and the Omsk Region”, the festival of languages and cultures “Under the Sky of the Irtysh Region”), discusses the prospects for educational events of a regional orientation, concludes that such events are promising for development of functional literacy of students.

ТРЕНИНГ КАК СРЕДСТВО РАЗВИТИЯ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИСТУДЕНТОВ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ВУЗОВ

The article presents the findings of the research of the peculiarities of ethnic identity development, its structure and types in the context of multi-ethnic environment of higher education institution. The authors reviewed the phenomenon of ethnic identity in psychological and pedagogical literature and uncovered the features of the formation of ethnic identity in the process of socialization. The formation of a normal ethnic identity is considered as an important stage on the way to global tolerance. In the course of analytical work, the authors concluded that careful attention should be paid to the search for effective means of developing the ethnic identity of the individual. The training program for the development of ethnic identity of future teachers has been developed and tested. The choice of students of pedagogical university as the target audience is conditioned by the fact that in their future professional activities they are assigned the role of transmitters of ethno-cultural competence and tolerance to the younger generation of Kazakhstanis. The training tasks were aimed at participants' awareness of existing ethnic stereotypes and their influence on intolerant communication; during the training, situations of tolerant interaction were modelled. The research findings can be used during the practical activities of teachers-psychologists in providing psychological and pedagogical assistance on the development of ethnic identity, individual tolerance.

Процесс аккультурации казахской диаспоры в США

In the context of globalization, millions of people belonging to different cultures and ethnic groups have been given the opportunity to move freely around the world and engage in cultural exchanges with other peoples. In the largest cities of the world, the number of migrants from foreign countries is constantly increasing, and along with this the number of problems is increasing. The number of migrants in the world amounted to 272 million people, or 3.5% of the world’s population. By 2050, this figure could reach 400 million (UN DESA Report, 2019 https://www.un.org/ru/desa). These migrations often lead to misunderstandings, and sometimes to conflict between representatives of the two cultures. According to J. Berry (1997), in the period when some countries are striving for political and economic integration, while others, on the contrary, for independence, the situation of cultural interaction becomes especially acute. Therefore, scholars and individuals who somehow come into contact with the process of intercultural communication, attach special importance to the study of these processes, one of which is acculturation. This article examines the acculturation process of Kazakhs living in the United States, gives the concept of such forms of acculturation as segregation, assimilation, integration and marginalization.

Social-psychological support of the process of resocialization of personality in conflict situations of interpersonal interaction

У статті розкрито особливості соціально-психологічного супроводу процесу ресоціалізації особистості уконфліктнихситуаціяхміжособистісноївзаємодії. Визначено принципи побудови та зміст комплексної соціально-психологічної програми розвитку саморегуляції особистості та підвищення її конфліктної компетентності (за ресурсно-операційною, когнітивно-прогностичною, функціонально-діяльнісною та особистісно-регулятивною складовими) у міжособистісній взаємодії. Ефективність програми доведена статистично значущим зростанням рівнів конфліктної компетентності, саморегуляції та особистісної зрілості; прагненням обирати конструктивні стратегії поведінки у конфлікті; наявністю зрілого особистісного підходу до конфлікту, зокрема відмовою від агресивної взаємодії; зниженням схильності до фрустрованості соціальним середовищем і подоланням комунікативних барʼєрів у спілкуванні; усвідомленням і прийняттям необхідності задіяння вольових процесів у регуляції поведінки у конфліктній ситуації міжособистісної взаємодії із застосуванням дієвих прийомів саморегуляції і самоконтролю; наявністю активних дій щодо вирішення конфлікту та здатністю оцінювати його наслідки; орієнтацією на пошук ресурсів саморозвитку у вирішенні проблем з використанням ефективних механізмів психологічного захисту, що підвищує культуру міжособистісної взаємодії особистості в цілому. Ключові слова: особистість, саморегуляція, конфліктні ситуації, міжособистісна взаємодія, соціально-психологічні засоби корекції, ресоціалізація.

Коммуникативный аспект лингвокогнитивного подхода к иноязычному обучению

Importance. The modern state of foreign language teaching methods evokes the issue of optimizing and transforming such teaching in accordance with the requirements of the time, the changing society and new scientific paradigms, especially those affecting the issues of cognitive and communicative human activity. Under these conditions, advances and the results of modern areas of cognitive linguistics as well as the wide range of closely related cognitive sciences gain significant importance, demonstrating potential for their integration into the educational process. The purpose of the research is to isolate the communication and communicative activity interpretation key features from the cognitive sciences’ standpoint and their inclusion in the structure of communicative foreign language teaching through the linguocognitive approach perspective. Materials and Methods. The materials of the research include the scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers-cognitologists and specialists in the field of foreign language teaching methods. The research methods involve the analysis of scientific literature on the research problem, synthesis, generalization, systematization and classification. Results and Discussion. The current views on communication as part of teaching foreign languages are affected by a number of trends in cognitive linguistics and cognitive sciences in general, relevant for modern communicative foreign language education are studied. The research singles out the main components of communication from the standpoint of the cognitive sciences as well as identifies significant factors that determine effective communicative interaction in social and educational contexts. The key provisions of the linguocognitive approach to foreign language teaching are formulated, reflecting the essential side of communication in the target language within the framework of the lesson and situations of real communicative interaction. The research specifically focuses on the importance of taking into account the technological side of communication in modern society and educational environment. Conclusion. Communication as a meaningful interaction phenomenon in a foreign language class remains a foreign language education’s key element. Changes in the communicative interaction’s essence and content understanding under the cognitive sciences and the modern society digital transformation developments’ influence predetermine the significance of the linguocognitive approach as a promising approach to foreign language teaching in the modern educational context.

Wives of Diplomats: Career Opportunities in a Situation of Professional Family Interaction

The problems of self-determination of diplomats' wives within the framework of professional family interaction are at the center of the study. The factors influencing the status of a diplomat's wife in the conditions of a business trip abroad are highlighted: diplomatic immunity prescribed by international and domestic legislation, the diplomatic rank of the spouse, as well as the social roles, functions and tasks assigned to her within the framework of the norms and rules of diplomatic activity. [d1] The restrictions on the professional career of the wives of diplomats, influencing their choice of a particular trajectory of social behavior, are systematized. The study relied on the included unsystematic observation of phenomena in the daily lives of the families of diplomats as a covert participant; high-quality content analysis of documents – materials from Internet sites and Internet forums; secondary analysis of sociological and historical research data. Conclusions are drawn about the relevance of the legal strengthening of the status of the wives of diplomats, which would take into account the current situation and consolidate the possibilities of a stable perspective.

Исследования идентичности обучающихся в процессе овладения вторым языком в рамках психологической и социокультурной школ

The article examines the traditions of the students' identity analyzing in the process of learning a second language in the psychological and sociocultural schools. The psychological school emphasizes the positive role of learning a second language in the development of cultural identity, recognizes the decisive influence of stable psychological characteristics and social factors on the students' identity and relies on sociocultural approaches in the study of identity. The sociocultural school pays more attention to the influence of the social context and its interaction with students in the process of learning a second language. In the psychological school, the term “self-identity” is often used as a “non-linguistic result” parallel to the “linguistic result” of learning. Learning a second language affects the self-identity of students, demonstrates the positive role of the influence of the appropriate culture, as well as the influence of stable psychological characteristics and social factors on the students' identity. Sociocultural school often uses the term “social identity” and similar terms. At the same time, it is believed that identity is neither the result of the influence of a social situation nor the product of personal internal intentions, but is a multidimensional and changeable process in social, cultural and historical conditions, as well as in situations of interpersonal interaction. The psychological school focuses on the individual psychological characteristics of people learning a second language, and the sociocultural school focuses on the impact of social situations on students and the features of their interaction. The two research schools complement each other, while they have in common attention to the personality as a whole and recognition of the diversity and variability of recorded personal changes.

Analysis of the current situation of remote interaction

Analysis of the current situation of remote interaction

КОМУНІКАЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ФАХІВЦЯ

An essential characteristic of the psychological and professional competence of future specialist is focus on a colleague as the main value of one's work. The need for self-discovery and self-change, methods of educational activity, methods of influencing colleagues, taking into account the patterns of personality development, is also determined. The constant variability of the professional activity tasks requires the future specialist to be aware of his / her role in this process, to display a creative approach taking into account the changing situations of professional interaction. The specialist's personality dynamism is explained by the need to choose means, forms, and methods of communication depending on the age characteristics of others, their individual characteristics and level of education. The ability to cooperate integrates, absorbs complex skills, namely: to formulate one's point of view, to listen and hear others, to find out the positions of one's partners, to resolve disagreements with the help of logical argumentation, not to transfer logical disagreements into the plane of personal relations, to encourage the activity of others and show initiative in a timely manner; to provide emotional and meaningful support to those who need it; to give others the opportunity to become consolidated, to try their hand at various types of activities; take the other's position and coordinate different views by exchanging ideas; take dialogical, not monological position; organically combine ″role″ and ″interpersonal″, business and human relations. Many philosophers, educators and psychologists point out that the individual consciousness and activity are influenced by two polar forces: external (environment) and internal (own will, desires and aspirations). As a result, each person passes his / her own path of individualization as an ascent to his / her ″Self″ under the influence of internal forces. And everyone has own way of socialization as result of adaptation to the external environment and the choice of ways of socialization in it. One of the courses of pedagogical effect on the future specialist is to provide students with information, namely: about man's manifestation of him / herself in society (environment), about the mechanisms (motives) that determine a person's behavior in his / her life as a whole, about ways of self-realization, about what helps a person form a real self-image. This is help in mastering the techniques of self-analysis, in forming an adequate self-assessment, in understanding one's relationships in society, in determining one's mirror self and one's meaning in mastering goal setting and planning. Keywords. Activity, personality, development, specialist, communication, professional interaction, cooperation, information, self-analysis.

Этнические стереотипы в восприятии рекламы молодыми людьми

Background. Stereotyping is an important part of social cognition. Therefore, it attracts a lot of attention from psychologists and sociologists. Ethnic stereotypes are not only a reflection of established prejudices and false ideas, but also a kind of social "barometer" indicating possible social problems. Modern studies have revealed the relationship between stereotypes and real ethnic diversity, and also indicate that the subjective feeling of disadvantage is a breeding ground for the emergence and existence of ethnic stereotypes. Objective. The article aims to substantiate theoretically, to identify empirically, as well as to classify ethnic stereotypes in the perception of advertising by young people, representatives of four ethnic groups. Sample. The study involved 88 people, representatives of 4 countries. Methods. The study simulated a situation of interethnic interaction, in which the participants acted as the “authors” of 6 advertising messages and 3 commercials. They had to write stories selecting the “main characters”, whose participation would illustrate the attractiveness of the advertised product or service. A set of typical images of representatives of different ethnic groups was proposed. Psychological diagnostics was aimed at establishing differences between groups. were An express questionnaire “Tolerance Index” (G.U. Soldatova, O.A. Kravtsova, O.E. Khukhlaev, L.A. Shaigerova) and emotional empathy questionnaire (Emotional Empathic Tendency Scale, EETS) designed to determine the level of empathic tendencies, the ability to empathize as a personal trait by A. Mehrabian and N. Epstein were used. Results. Areas of social practices where autostereotypes and heterostereotypes appear were identified. Themes where new stereotypes appear were identified. The diagnostics showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the indicators of tolerance and empathy between representatives of the 4 groups. Conclusions. The results of the study can be explained by the fact that participants demonstrated the unity of social group, the youth. The results obtained can be interpreted as evidence that for modern young people, the decisive factor in the formation of stereotypes is information transmitted through various means, which clearly acquires a transnational character.

Функциональная грамотность vs. региональный компонент: от концепции к проектированию и разработке заданий

The article is devoted to the issues of functional literacy as a competence of the individual, which reveals itself in situations of everyday existence and social interaction. The authors consider the region as a resource environment for the development of a teacher who is able to form the functional literacy of a student, as well as a space for the formation of global competencies, creative thinking and reading literacy of students. In the course of the study, the main methodological principles were applied, allowing to make the transition from the idea of the significance of the regional space for the formation of functional literacy through the design of tasks in the Omsk linguocultural space to the formation of prototypes of universal tasks, demonstrate a consistent change in the procedures of deduction and induction. The modern school actively includes a regional component in the educational process, relying mainly on the local history aspect. The authors of the article substantiate the close relationship between the regional component of the content of education and the tasks of developing functional literacy. Based on texts with regional content, they prove that assignments based on regional language material can be effectively used to develop functional literacy in general and its individual components: global competencies, creative thinking, reading literacy. At the same time, the authors also note the shortcomings of regional material — the lack of universality, binding to the territory, outside of which it loses its relevance and influencing potential. The authors offer methodological developments (methodological modules) based on the Omsk material, which are based on an invariant that allows variation depending on the region of study. The article describes and comments on the experience of holding philological events (the Russian language Olympiad “Philological Journey through Omsk and the Omsk Region”, the festival of languages and cultures “Under the Sky of the Irtysh Region”), discusses the prospects for educational events of a regional orientation, concludes that such events are promising for development of functional literacy of students.

An analysis of interactions in movement instructional situations for children with developmental disabilities:

An analysis of interactions in movement instructional situations for children with developmental disabilities: