Mode Of Interaction Research Articles

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Expression of Defense Pathways and Specific Protease Inhibitor Genes in Solanum lycopersicum in Response to Feeding by Tuta absoluta

Understanding plant-insect interactions can help control the harm of herbivorous pests. According to transcriptome data, transcripts of Solanum lycopersicum responding to feeding by Tuta absoluta were screened for important endopeptidase inhibitors. These genes were annotated as serine-type endopeptidase inhibitors from the potato inhibitor I family, potato type II proteinase inhibitor family, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family. Based on the analysis of expression patterns, Solyc09g084480.2, Solyc03g020080.2, Solyc03g098760.1, and Solyc01g009020.1 were identified as key genes in the defense system of S. lycopersicum. The major endopeptidase genes such as Tabs008250, Tabs007396, and Tabs005701 in the larval stages of T. absoluta were also detected as potential targets of the plant endopeptidase inhibitors. The interaction mode between these endopeptidase and endopeptidase inhibitors was predicted based on the protein structure construction. This study aims to reveal the molecular response of S. lycopersicum to feeding by T. absoluta with high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

A Weighted Composite Metric for Evaluating User Experience in Educational Chatbots: Balancing Usability, Engagement, and Effectiveness

Evaluating user experience (UX) is essential for optimizing educational chatbots to enhance learning outcomes and student productivity. This study introduces a novel weighted composite metric integrating interface usability assessment (via the Chatbot Usability Questionnaire, CUQ), engagement measurements (via the User Engagement Scale—Short Form, UES-SF), and objective performance indicators (through error rates and response times), addressing gaps in existing evaluation methods across interaction modes (text-based, menu-based, and hybrid) and question complexities. A 3 × 3 within-subject experimental design (n = 30) was conducted, measuring these distinct UX dimensions through standardized instruments and performance metrics, supplemented by qualitative feedback. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive weights for the composite UX metric based on empirical patterns in user interactions. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the hybrid interaction mode outperformed the others, achieving significantly higher usability (F(2,58) = 89.32, p < 0.001) and engagement (F(2,58) = 8.67, p < 0.001), with fewer errors and faster response times under complex query conditions. These findings demonstrate the hybrid mode’s adaptability across question complexities. The proposed framework establishes a standardized method for evaluating educational chatbots, providing actionable insights for interface optimization and sustainable learning tools.

Effects of inclination angle and unloading rate of confining pressure on triaxial unloading-induced slip behaviors of shale fractures

The effects of inclination angle θ and unloading rate of confining pressure Uc on the unloading-induced slip behaviors of shale fractures were investigated by conducting triaxial unloading-induced fracture slip experiments. The variations in mechanical stability, frictional behavior, and morphology variation of shale fractures were systematically explored. The results show that with the continuous unloading of confining pressure, the fractures were initiated to slip, then entered the quasi-static slip stage, and eventually entered the dynamic slip stage in sequence. The occurrence of stick-slip events in the quasi-static slip stage was strongly influenced by the θ and Uc. As θ increases from 30° to 50°, the stick-slip events occurred from 0 to 3 times and from 1 to 3 times for Uc = 0.1 MPa/min and 1 MPa/min, respectively. The θ and Uc have a great influence on the interaction mode of the fractures, which directly affects the frictional behavior of the fractures. The slipping failure behavior of the fracture surfaces is mainly controlled by θ, while Uc plays different roles for the samples with different θ. With the increase in θ, the interaction form between asperities during the slip process may be changed into non-tight contact stage. The increase in θ may enhance or weanken the anisotropy of JRC, depending on whether the Uc reached a certain rate between 0.1 MPa/min and 1 MPa/min. Our results may shed light on the seismicity mitigation and safe exploitation of shale gas.

Oligomerization of STING and Chemical Regulatory Strategies.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a crucial role in innate immunity. Upon the recognition of cytosolic dsDNA, STING undergoes several structural changes, with oligomerization playing a key role in initiating a cascade of immune responses. Therefore, controlling the STING pathway by manipulating STING oligomerization is a practical strategy. This review focuses on the detailed mechanism of STING oligomerization, highlighting its decisive role. It also describes oligomerization-based strategies to regulate STING protein, such as the use of small-molecule agonists and biomacromolecules, highlighting their interaction modes and potential therapeutic applications. This knowledge may lead to the development of innovative approaches for treating cancer and immune disorders.

Assisted Solubilization Strategy in Spiro‐OMeTAD for Thermally and Mechanically Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

The ions migration and de‐doping reactions caused by conventional doping seriously jeopardizes the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on spiro‐OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL), which poses a significant challenge for subsequent commercialization. To address these issues, a novel assisted solubilization strategy has been firstly developed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized from N‐(cyanomethyl)acetamide (NCMA) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). NCMA can form multiple strong interaction modes with LiTFSI through N−H···O hydrogen bonding and Li−O/Li−N coordination, which effectively inhibits Li+ ions migration at high temperature and increases solubility of LiTFSI in chlorobenzene without acetonitrile and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (tBP), fundamentally solving de‐doping reaction. In addition, the molecular network with abundant functional groups in DES improves fracture energy of perovskite/spiro‐OMeTAD interface and enhances interfacial adhesion via strong chelation with perovskite and Ag electrode. Consequently, benefiting from tBP removement and inhibited ions migration, the optimized PVSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.02%, and the unencapsulated device retains over 90% of initial PCE at 85 °C, 40% RH for 1200 h (ISOS‐D‐2 standard). This innovative assisted solubilization strategy represents a critical step toward improving device stability and accelerating the commercialization of PVSCs.

Assisted Solubilization Strategyin Spiro-OMeTAD for Thermally and Mechanically Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The ions migration and de-doping reactions caused by conventional doping seriously jeopardizes the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL), which poses a significant challenge for subsequent commercialization. To address these issues, a novel assisted solubilization strategy has been firstly developed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized from N-(cyanomethyl)acetamide (NCMA) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). NCMA can form multiple strong interaction modes with LiTFSI through N-H···O hydrogen bonding and Li-O/Li-N coordination, which effectively inhibits Li+ ions migration at high temperature and increases solubility of LiTFSI in chlorobenzene without acetonitrile and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP), fundamentally solving de-doping reaction. In addition, the molecular network with abundant functional groups in DES improves fracture energy of perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interface and enhances interfacial adhesion via strong chelation with perovskite and Ag electrode. Consequently, benefiting from tBP removement and inhibited ions migration, the optimized PVSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.02%, and the unencapsulated device retains over 90% of initial PCE at 85 °C, 40% RH for 1200 h (ISOS-D-2 standard). This innovative assisted solubilization strategy represents a critical step toward improving device stability and accelerating the commercialization of PVSCs.

Your Comfort, My Silence

Society censors, rather than confronts, stories of rape and harassment. The artist’s work unveils the consequences of sexual assault trauma by engaging viewers with the emotional affect. Incorporating influences from Affect Theory, Relational Aesthetics, and Trauma therapy,the artist’s project proposal for TBA, “Your Comfort, My Silence,” examines the ways that trauma lingers leaving lasting imprints on lives. She does this in two key ways throughout her body of work: ‘Blankouts,’ an immersive wheat-pasted installation, which looks at the covert ways in which society suppresses women’s stories of assault through the use of coded language and censorship. Secondly, ‘Trauma Embodied,’ looks at how the artist self-censors her own stories through a multi-layered editing process of nine different videos. Lastly, the artist activates the gallery space creating various modes of interaction with the work engaging her audience to consider the ways in which the work imprints on their own experiences.

A novel cocrystal of the Zn(II) coordination molecule and the benzimidazole for efficient detection of triethylamine and antibacterial property

A new cocrystal of the Zn(II) coordination molecule and the benzimidazole (bim), [Zn(bim)(SCN)3]-[Hbim] (C10H6N5S3Zn-C7H7N2, cocrystal 1) was directly synthesized at room temperature. X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis showed that cocrystal 1 is extended into a 3D supramolecular network via hydrogen bonding and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. Information on non-covalent interactions were gathered by calculating the Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint of the crystal stacking of cocrystal 1. Photoluminescence experiments demonstrated that cocrystal 1 not only possessed good solid-state fluorescence performance but also favorable fluorescence characteristics and stability in aqueous solutions. Notably, cocrystal 1 exhibited excellent anti-interference properties, high sensitivity, high fluorescence enhancement, and low limit of detection (LOD: 59.8 μM) against triethylamine (TEA) in aqueous medium via the “Turn-On” effect. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of the cocrystal were investigated. The results of antimicrobial experiments revealed that cocrystal 1 inhibited Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Molecular docking analysis unraveled the mode of interaction with DNA in bacteria. Cocrystal 1 is a potential multifunctional material for the preparation of TEA sensors and antimicrobial agents. Finally, the possible enhancing mechanism and potential antimicrobial mechanism were researched.

Evaluation of the effects of amitraz on the enzyme activity and stability of lysozyme: Spectroscopic and MD simulation approach.

The binding interaction of food preservatives and pesticides has emerged as a matter of paramount importance as it not only presents potential health hazards but also carries substantial consequences for food processing and preservation. Herein, the mechanism of interaction between lysozyme and Amitraz was explored through spectroscopic and computational techniques. Spectral investigations indicated the spontaneous nature and stability of the lysozyme-Amitraz complex. The corresponding CD and FT-IR studies proved the structural changes of lysozyme. The presence of amitraz led to a notable decrease in both the enzymatic activity and thermal stability of lysozyme. Molecular docking demonstrated the preferred mode of interaction, and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the resultant complex. In conclusion, the alarming findings of the lysozyme-Amitraz interaction underscore its detrimental impact on food safety and human health. Accordingly, urgent measures are imperative to address and mitigate the potential hazards posed by such interactions in food production.

3-Halo-3-nitro-aza/thioflavanones: DNMT inhibitors with a two-site binding mode in the hDNMT3A catalytic pocket

Flavonoid derivatives are natural product analogues that have shown great interest for therapeutic applications as modulators of DNA methylation. In this article we report new synthesis pathways to access ten novel flavonoid derivatives (i.e. 3-halo-3-nitro-aza/thioflavanones) to be used as potential DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. These compounds have a micromolar inhibition against human DNA methyltransferase 3A in our in vitro fluorescence-based assay. Importantly, a docking study of representative compounds of this series in the enzyme pocket highlights a mode of interaction in the catalytic pocket of hDNMT3A that has never been described.

Investigation of mono-nuclear cobalt(II) complexes with a tri-dentate quinoxalyl-hydrazone ligand for their potential in biological research and interaction with ct-DNA.

The condensing reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with quinoxalyl-2-carbohydrazide resulted in synthesizing of a novel derivative of hydrazone quinoxalyl ligand (H2dpq). The bonding behavior between H2dpq and Co(II) ion was investigated in molar ratios of 1: 1 and 2: 1 to produce two different complexes, Codpq and Co(dpq)2, respectively. Their chemical structure was verified using several spectroscopic approaches. The characterization envolved micro-C, H, and N-elemental analyses, thermogravimetric investigations, as well as the examination of their magnetic and conductance properties. The inhibitory effects of H2dpq (the free ligand) and its Co(II)-chelates on the growing up of three specific bacterial series, three specific fungal series, and three famous human cancer cell lines were evaluated based on their structure features. The study referred to the pivotal function of Co(II) and its ratio in the two complexes. The antioxidant activity was determined for all current compounds within DPPH and SOD assays, reporting respectable antioxidant reactivity. The interaction of H2dpq, Codpq, and Co(dpq)2 with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was assessed by analyzing through the alterations in the viscometric and spectrophotometric properties. Determination of binding constant (Kb, 13.12, 16.02, and 16.82×107mol-1dm3), Gibb's free energy (∆Gb≠, were -40.21, -46.13, and -46.67kJmol-1), and the chromism mode (hypo-character) were employed for H2dpq, Codpq, and Co(dpq)2 to assess the interactive modes, respectively. Rewardingly, the monometallic-chelates Co(II)-complexes displayed modified binding action more than that of H2dpq against ct-DNA.

Effectiveness Evaluation of Online Interactive Mode for College English: A Perspective Based on Big Data Analysis

Effectiveness Evaluation of Online Interactive Mode for College English: A Perspective Based on Big Data Analysis

CMIF-VIO: A Novel Cross Modal Interaction Framework for Visual Inertial Odometry

CMIF-VIO: A Novel Cross Modal Interaction Framework for Visual Inertial Odometry

Antibody-secreting cell repertoires hold high-affinity anti-rocuronium specificities that can induce anaphylaxis in vivo.

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) are muscle relaxants used to assist mechanical ventilation but lead in 1/10,000 anesthesia to severe acute hypersensitivity reactions i.e., anaphylaxis. Incidences vary between types of NMBAs. Rocuronium, a widely used non-depolarizing aminosteroid NMBA, induces among the highest anaphylaxis rates. Rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis is proposed to rely on pre-existing rocuronium-binding antibodies, but no such antibodies have ever been identified. Identify rocuronium-specific antibody repertoires from plasma cells or plasmablasts of rocuronium-immunized mice, and determine the affinities, structures and anaphylactogenic potential of these antibodies for rocuronium. Herein, we engrafted rocuronium onto carrier proteins allowing immunization of mice against rocuronium, screening for rocuronium-specific antibody responses, and sorting of rocuronium-specific plasma cells using droplet microfluidics coupled to single-cell antibody gene (VH and VL) sequencing. The two different repertoires of >500 VH-VL pairs were oligoclonal, comprised of three major clonal families, and displayed convergence. Expressed as human IgG1, these antibodies demonstrated subnanomolar affinities for rocuronium with families either monospecific for rocuronium or cross-reactive only for closely-related NMBAs. Expressed as human IgE, they triggered human mast cell and basophil activation, and severe passive systemic anaphylaxis in mice humanized for the IgE receptor FcεRI. Co-crystal structures between rocuronium and antibody representatives of three different VH-VL families revealed distinct interaction modes with, however, the ammonium group involved systematically in the binding interface. This work identifies the epitopes of antibody reactivity to rocuronium, demonstrates anaphylactogenic potential of anti-rocuronium IgE and establishes the first mouse model of NMBA anaphylaxis.

A Non-Pharmacological Paradigm Captures the Complexity in the Mechanism of Action of Poliprotect Against Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Dyspepsia

When the protective mechanisms of the gastroesophageal mucosa are overwhelmed by injurious factors, the structural and functional mucosal integrity is compromised, resulting in a wide spectrum of disorders. Poliprotect has recently been shown to be non-inferior to standard-dose omeprazole for the treatment of endoscopy-negative patients with heartburn and/or epigastric pain or burning. Here, we provide preclinical data describing the mechanism of action of the Poliprotect formulation, a 100% natural, biodegradable, and environmental friendly medical device according to EU 2017/745 and containing UVCB (unknown or variable composition, complex-reaction products, or biological materials) substances of botanical and mineral origin, according to the REACH and European Chemical Agency definitions. Different in vitro assays demonstrated the capability of Poliprotect to adhere to mucus-secreting gastric cells and concomitantly deliver a local barrier with buffering and antioxidant activity. In studies conducted in accordance with systems biology principles, we evaluated the effects of this barrier on human gastric cells exposed to acidic stress. Biological functions identified via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis highlighted the product’s ability to create a microenvironment that supports the mucosal structural and functional integrity, promotes healing, and restores a balanced mucosal inflammatory status. Additionally, transepithelial electrical resistance and an Ussing chamber showed the product’s capability of preserving the integrity of the gastric and esophageal epithelial barriers when exposed to an acid solution. Two in vivo models of erosive gastropathy further highlighted its topical protection against ethanol- and drug-induced mucosal injury. Overall, our findings sustain the feasibility of a paradigm shift in therapeutics R&D by depicting a very innovative and desirable mode of interaction with the human body based on the emerging biophysical, rather than the pharmacological properties of these therapeutic agents.

Identifying categories of patient-driven health services innovation: insights from Taiwan's health services sector.

This study aims to build a typology of patient-driven health services innovation (PDHSI) and propose their relationships with healthcare quality. Guided by value co-creation theory (VCC), this study adopted in-depth interviews and focus groups to collect qualitative data in Taiwan's health services sector. The collected data were analyzed using manual thematic analysis, following the standard procedures for transcribing, encoding and identifying themes. This approach allowed for a comprehensive identification of unique types of PDHSI. This study found four types of PDHSI. They are Human-Computer Interaction Mode (HCIM), Online Social Network Mode (OSNM), Co-created Decision-Making Mode (CDM) and Channel Complementarity Mode (CCM). This study defines these typologies and explains their fundamental properties, key outcomes and important determinants. Finally, through qualitative analysis, four propositions on the relationship between health services innovation and health service quality are put forward. By constructing a patient-driven typology of health services innovation, this study helps medical institutions understand the strategic behavior of the doctor-patient relationship, to improve the quality of medical service and contribute to patient education and consulting practice. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of PDHSI by identifying and categorizing the types of such innovations. It provides a comprehensive typology that is useful for both academic research and practical application in healthcare management. This typology offers new insights into the roles of patients in co-creating healthcare services, addressing a gap in the existing literature regarding PDHSI and supporting the development of patient-centered approaches to healthcare.

Atomistic Insights Into Interaction of Doxorubicin WithDNA: From Duplex to Nucleosome.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent known for intercalating into DNA. However, the exact modes of DOX interactions with various DNA structures remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explored DOX interactions with DNA duplexes (dsDNA), G-quadruplex, and nucleosome. DOX predominantly stacks on terminal bases of dsDNA and occasionally binds into its minor groove. In the G-quadruplex, DOX stacks on planar tetrads but does not spontaneously intercalate into these structures. Potential of mean force calculations indicate that while intercalation is the most energetically favorable interaction mode for DOX in dsDNA, the process requires overcoming a significant energy barrier. In contrast, DOX spontaneously intercalates into bent nucleosomal DNA, due to the increased torsional stress. This preferential intercalation of DOX into regions with higher torsional stress provides new insights into its mechanism of action and underscores the importance of DNA tertiary and quaternary structures in therapies utilizing DNA intercalation.

Improvement of flipped classroom teaching in colleges and universities based on virtual reality assisted by deep learning

In order to solve the limitations of flipped classroom in personalized teaching and interactive effect improvement, this paper designs a new model of flipped classroom in colleges and universities based on Virtual Reality (VR) by combining the algorithm of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training (CLIP). Through cross-modal data fusion, the model deeply combines students’ operation behavior with teaching content, and improves teaching effect through intelligent feedback mechanism. The test data shows that the similarity between video and image modes reaches 0.89, which indicates that different modal information can be effectively integrated to ensure the semantic consistency and intuitive understanding of teaching content. The minimum Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is 0.12, which ensures the stability of data distribution and avoids information loss. The accuracy of automatically generating feedback reaches 93.72%, which significantly improves the efficiency of personalized learning guidance. In the adaptability test of virtual scene, the frequency of scene adjustment is 2.5 times/minute, and the consistency score is stable above 8.6, ensuring the consistency of teaching goals under complex interaction. This paper aims to enhance personalized learning experience, improve teaching efficiency and autonomous learning effect through VR technology and intelligent feedback, and promote the innovation of interactive teaching mode.

Binding Selectivity of Inhibitors to BRD2 Uncovered by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

AbstractBromodomain‐containing protein 2 (BRD2) plays a significant role in the development and progression of various diseases. Investigating the binding selectivity of the two bromodomains BD1 and BD2 of BRD2 (BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2) with specific inhibitors can provide valuable insights for rational design of novel therapeutic drugs. Thus, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to evaluate the selective mechanisms of three BRD2 inhibitors, Spd16, BBC0403, and SJ1461, toward BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2. Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM‐GBSA) and Solvation Interaction Energy (SIE) methods are further employed to analyze the interaction modes and compare the binding free energies of BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2 with these inhibitors. Although these inhibitors exert different effects on the internal structures of BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2, their interaction patterns with these two bromodomains are similar. Phe372, Leu381, Tyr386, and Cys425 play key roles in the interaction between BRD2‐BD2 and these three inhibitors, while Pro98, Leu108, Asn156, and Ile162 are the critical residues for the binding of BRD2‐BD1 with these inhibitors. Non‐polar interactions, particularly van der Waals interactions, serve as the primary driving force behind the binding of these inhibitors with BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the rational design of novel BRD2 inhibitors.

From Chatting to Cheating: How Can Ethical Considerations Be Ensured in this AI-Driven Research Era?

It is crystal clear that Artificial Intelligence has revolutionized research methodologies, particularly in the realm of data collection and analysis. Chatbots, powered by AI algorithms, are increasingly utilized as research tools, facilitating data collection, participant engagement, and even data analysis. However, the integration of AI-driven methodologies raises profound ethical concerns, particularly regarding privacy, informed consent, and the potential for manipulation. Thus, this paper aims at exploring the intersection of chatting, as a mode of interaction, and cheating, as an ethical concern, within the context of AI-driven research. Specifically, it investigates how AI-powered chatbots, often employed as research tools, can inadvertently facilitate unethical behavior, such as cheating in academic or experimental settings. Drawing upon ethical frameworks and guidelines established in the field of research ethics, this paper proposes strategies and guidelines for researchers to ensure the ethical conduct of AI-driven research. Furthermore, this paper examines the implications of AI-driven research on academic integrity and scientific rigor. It discusses the challenges of maintaining transparency and accountability in AI-driven research processes, particularly in ensuring the validity and reliability of data collected through chatbot interactions. Briefly, by critically evaluating the ethical implications of AI-driven research methodologies, this paper aims to contribute to the development of responsible and ethically sound practices in the field of research utilizing AI technologies.