Player Interaction Research Articles

LILBID-MS: using lasers to shed light on biomolecular architectures.

Structural Biology has moved beyond the aim of simply identifying the components of a cellular subsystem towards analysing the dynamics and interactions of multiple players within a cell. This focal shift comes with additional requirements for the analytical tools used to investigate these systems of increased size and complexity, such as Native Mass Spectrometry, which has always been an important tool for structural biology. Scientific advance and recent developments, such as new ways to mimic a cell membrane for a membrane protein, have caused established methods to struggle to keep up with the increased demands. In this review, we summarize the possibilities, which Laser Induced Liquid Bead Ion Desorption (LILBID) mass spectrometry offers with regard to the challenges of modern structural biology, like increasingly complex sample composition, novel membrane mimics and advanced structural analysis, including next neighbor relations and the dynamics of complex formation.

An Ontological Model for a National Cyber-attack Response in South Africa

South Africa is increasingly targeted by cyber criminals and is often ranked under the top five countries suffering the most cyber-attacks. In an initiative to counter these attacks, the South African government has initiated various measures such as a National Cybersecurity Policy Framework Policy (NCPF) and a Cybercrimes Act. However, the structures and policies that follow from these measures have not been fully implemented yet. Although the government published the NCPF in 2015 and enacted the Cybercrimes Act in May 2021, there is still a gap in terms of interoperability and shared understanding within the environment. In addition, numerous new structures have been established and others are still being planned. One example of a new structure is the Cybersecurity Hub, the national CSIRT, which is mandated to co-ordinate attack information and provide support for cyber incidents. In addition, the Hub must also implement a national Cybersecurity Awareness program.
 This paper presents a model for the Cybersecurity Hub in the event of a cyber incident in South Africa. The model is based on different attack scenarios and depicts the complex interoperability problem of the various roles, responsibilities, and interactions of role players when there is a cyber incident. One of the scenarios is an attack on critical infrastructure. The model is a prototype of a semantic knowledge base (an ontology) that will help with planning and decision making. Core queries that should be answered concern the critical role players during and after a cyber event; the communication activities that have to take place; and the response actions and the skills required to handle the event.

Graph representations for the analysis of multi-agent spatiotemporal sports data

Analyzing tactical patterns in invasion games using multi-agent spatiotemporal data is a challenging task at the intersection of computer and sports science. A fundamental yet understudied problem in this area is finding an optimal data representation for processing athlete trajectories using machine learning algorithms. In the present work, we address this gap by discussing common representations in use and propose Tactical Graphs, an alternative graph-based format capable of producing integrative, contextualized models for machine learning applications. We provide an in-depth, domain-specific motivation of the proposed data representation scheme and show how this approach exploits inherent data traits. We propose Tactical Graph Networks (TGNets), a light-weight, hybrid machine learning architecture sensitive to player interactions. Our method is evaluated with an extensive ablation study and the first comprehensive state of the art comparison between standard feature, state vector, and image-based methods on the same dataset. Experiments were conducted using real-world football data containing short sequences of defensive play labelled according to the outcome of ball winning attempts. The results indicate that TGNets are on par with state-of-the-art deep learning models while exhibiting only a fraction of their complexity. We further demonstrate that selecting the right data representation is crucial as it has a significant influence on model performance. The theoretical findings and the proposed method provide insights and a strong methodological alternative for all classification, prediction or pattern recognition applications in the areas of collective movement analysis, automated match analysis, and performance analysis.

Brexit’s Implications for the Transatlantic Relationship

Since the Second World War, the United Kingdom has served as a transatlantic bridge between the United States and Europe and as a conduit of the US influence in European affairs. Since joining the EU, Britain has been one of the main contributors to the European Union’s foreign, security, and defense policies. The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU in 2020 marked a milestone in European politics. The UK’s decision to leave the European Union has raised questions concerning probable implications of Brexit for the transatlantic relationship and the European balance of power. Brexit entails multifaceted changes in Britain’s global posture, in particular, new nuances in its dealings with the United States and European partners. These shifts embrace a wide range of political, defense, security, and economic issues. They have stirred up debates on the British strategy’s tilt towards the Indo–Pacific and Britain’s future cooperation with its American ally and the EU. Having considered developments in the Washington–London–Brussels relations in the wake of the Brexit referendum, this article figures out trends in the interactions of these key players that reflect their visions of a post-Brexit reality.

SG-LOM as Metadata Description for Serious Games to Benefit from LMS Monitoring Features

Compared to the conventional approach of e-learning, serious games are playing an increasingly important role in the educational sphere and reached a certain maturity to become a possible alternative to traditional methods of learning that is often seen as restrictive and boring sometimes by learners. This is due to the fact that young people today are familiar with new technologies and virtual worlds outside schools as part of their leisure. A habit that enable these young people to be immediately in the heart of the matter since they already have a video game culture (gameplay) that allows them to focus on the main message. However, the integration of serious games in the learning process still limited since they don’t provide efficient features for monitoring and assessing learner (player) interactions and decisions without breaking the nonlinearity of the game in order to show them the consequences of their decisions, a limit that has been proven in a previous comparative study [1].
 In this paper we address the aspects of serious games (Robocode as example) integration and deployment into LMS (Dokeos as example) based on the automatic packaging and exportation of serious games as reusable learning objects (LO) that can be easily distributed through any LMS. This integration uses the ADL SCORM data model that defines how content may be packaged as a Package Interchange File (PIF), and the IEEE LOM Application Profile “SG-LOM” [2] as metadata description to describe every level of SCORM since the standard LOM doesn’t meets the particular needs of serious games.

Network Aggregative Game in Unknown Dynamic Environment With Myopic Agents and Delay

In this article, the framework of network aggregative game (NAG) is extended by considering the interaction of players in a dynamic environment whose model is not known to them. The cost function of each player depends on its own strategy, the aggregate strategy of its neighbor players in the network, and also the state of the environment. The state of the environment evolves with a dynamics that is affected by the strategies of players as an input to the model. The players of NAG are modeled as myopic selfish agents who observe the decision value of their neighbors and the state of the environment with some time delay and, then, adjust their decisions using a projected subgradient rule. The main contribution of this article is to provide conditions in which the strategies of myopic agents converge to the unique fixed-point Nash equilibrium point of the proposed dynamic NAG. Furthermore, as a case study, the framework is applied to a wireless network by modeling the service providers as the agents and evolution of service selection by users as the dynamics of the environment.

Advanced AI Applications in Gaming with Cloud-Powered Media and Entertainment Experiences

The study investigate how cutting-edge AI technologies and cloud-based media are converging to revolutionize the gaming business. The use of AI algorithms has completely changed the game industry, improving realism, customization, and player interaction. Gameplay has been revolutionized by AI, which now allows for more nuanced NPCs, more dynamic stories, and the ability to predict player actions. Combining these developments with cloud computing allows for more scalability, accessibility, and opportunities for cooperative gaming. In this article, we look at how AI has changed the gaming industry, focusing on how it has helped to make games more interactive and enjoyable for individual players. Future interactive experiences and the limits of traditional gaming are being shaped by the confluence of AI and media in cloud-powered gaming

Value and Sustainability of Emerging Social Commerce Professions: An Exploratory Study

Recent advances in social commerce and mobile technology have led to the emergence of new professions such as vlogging, blogging and virtual pop-up store owning. Starting initially as hobbies, the services provided by these ‘new professionals’ have become ubiquitous and are being used by customers from many different countries and backgrounds. This paper reports on a study that first explored the views and opinions of new professionals from several fields (using a qualitative approach), and then the views of their potential customers (a quantitative study informed by UTAUT2—the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology). The results indicated that new professionals both create and co-create value with their customers, peers, and some existing, traditionally established professions. The results also indicated that the intended audience/customers of the new professional businesses had a positive perception of their long-term commercial sustainability. Customers’ intention to use the new professional services in the future were predicted mostly by the behavioral characteristics of hedonic motivation and habit. The research contributes by empirically investigating the value creation and co-creation processes in a context that is yet to attract academic interest. It proposes a value creation and co-creation framework that draws on the interactions of the main players.

Physical and Physiological Stresses on Footballers at Different Playing Positions: A Narrative Review

Introduction: Football is a physically demanding sport that calls for significant amount of fitness, technical and tactical expertise.Interestingly, team positioning is one of most crucial components because it exhibits shared decision-making and player interaction inconformity with team principles of gameplay. Football training guidelines should be based on the unique necessities of distinguishableplaying positions. The goal of this article was to confirm inconsistencies and consolidate existing research.Materials and methods: Searched databases included PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline. Inclusion criteria was published articlebetween 1991 and 2021, human subjects, being available in English, including population relating to football and have the outcomeof interest.Results: Based on relevance, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative syntheses.Discussion: Research suggests that activities during football game are directly influenced by playing position, and athletes tend todevelop physical characteristics following the demands of their specific position. Physiological, physical and behavioral monitoringtechniques are utilized to assess the changes occurring during a competitive game.Conclusion: Patterns and level of work rate observed during game play vary from individual to individual and cannot be generalizedthroughout even players playing at a similar position, let alone the entire population of football players.

Effects of Game Mode in Multiplayer Video Games on Intergenerational Social Interaction: Randomized Field Study.

BackgroundMaintaining social relationships is a basic human need and particularly essential in old age, including when living in a retirement home. Multiplayer video games can promote positive social interactions among players from different generations while playing. Yet, such facilitation of positive social interactions depends on specific game design. To systematically investigate the effects of game design on social interaction between seniors and their coplayers, the game Myosotis FoodPlanet was developed in this study, and the impacts of 3 different game modes on social interaction were compared in a controlled field trial.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the effects of 3 different game modes (competitive, cooperative, and creative) on social interactions (verbal and nonverbal communication) between seniors and their younger coplayers.MethodsThis study was conducted in a Swiss retirement home as a controlled field trial. Participants were residents of the retirement home (N=10; mean age 84.8 years, SD 5.9 years) and played in pairs with their caregivers. Each pair played 3 game modes in random order. This resulted in 30 game sequences of 20 minutes each. A within-subject design was applied with game mode as the within-factor and social interaction as the outcome variable. To assess the quality of social interaction, 30 video-recorded game sequences were analyzed based on an event sampling method.ResultsAnalysis of variance for repeated measurements revealed significant effects: there was significantly more verbal communication in the creative mode than in the cooperative mode (P=.04) with a strong effect size (Cohen f=0.611). An examination of verbal communication revealed more game-related communication in the creative mode than in the cooperative mode (P=.01) and the competitive mode (P=.09) with marginally significant effects and strong effect sizes (Cohen f=0.841). In addition, significantly more biography-related communication occurred in the creative mode than in the cooperative mode (P=.03), with a strong effect size (r=0.707). Regarding nonverbal communication (eg, laughing together), analysis of variance for repeated measurements showed significant differences among the game modes (P=.02) with a strong effect size (Cohen f=0.758). Results showed that there was significantly more laughing together in the competitive mode (competitive>cooperative>creative).ConclusionsThe results show that game mode can be an important factor for shaping the social interactions of players playing together. Compared with other modes, creative game modes can increase verbal communication. In contrast, competitive modes may stimulate more laughing together. This has important implications for game design and the use of computer games to promote social interaction between seniors and their coplayers in practice.

Approaching a regional innovation ecosystem in the Northern Black Forest for a future-orientated economy and society

Global crises, technological advancement and social upheaval are igniting a transformation that is ushering in a decade of renewal. Seen from a regional perspective, these changes harbor both opportunities and risks for their players. To meet future challenges collectively, the interaction of regional players from science, economy, society, administration, and the natural environment is indispensable. This paper describes a practice-oriented, scientifically based approach for the establishment and further development of a regional innovation ecosystem for a future-oriented economy and society in the Northern Black Forest. The findings should gradually be transferred into practice and serve as a blueprint for other regions.

Combined effects of home advantage and match result on interactions performed by Brazilian handball players

Aim: This study verified the combined effects of game result and match location on centrality measures based on the interactions of Brazilian handball players. Methods: The sample consisted of 3435 interactions performed by 15 players during 7 official Brazilian Regional Championship matches. Social network analysis was applied to investigate the following network properties: degree of centrality, closeness centrality, degree of prestige, proximity prestige, and network density. Results: Results revealed that playing at home increases closeness centrality (η2 = 0.99; p = 0.01), and network density (η2 = 1.00; p = 0.01). When the handball team lost the game, an increment in the network density in relation to the draw and win scenario was observed (η2 = 1.00; p = 0.01). It was observed that closeness centrality and network density increased when the team had lost and played at home, while when the team was playing away from home and losing, closeness centrality decreased (η2 = 0.99; p = 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, contextual variables impact the way that handball players interact during a match.

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ СПОРТИВНОЙ ТРЕНИРОВКИ ЮНЫХ ХОККЕИСТОВ 12–14 ЛЕТ НА ОСНОВЕ УЧЕТА ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА

A meaningful update of the process of preparing a sports reserve and substantiation of educational, methodological, organizational, methodological, psychological and pedagogical conditions for the directed formation of emotional and constructive behavior and activity of hockey players (aged 12–14) seems to be relevant and requires further research. The organizational skills of athletes and the nature of the manifestation of emotional intelligence in various conditions largely determine the effectiveness of competitive activity and require constant improvement of the team interaction of players based on their individual characteristics.

Engagement of Constructivism with the Human Security Theory

Human Security has developed as an alternative approach to Traditional concept of Security. The traditional concept is dedicated to protecting the state from external invasion and it is focused on preserving the sovereignty and security of the state. The Human Security concept critically enriches the concept of Security by adding the economic, social, environmental, health and identity related issues. Human Security securitizes these issues, i.e., it raises the value of these issues to such an extent that they ought to be treated as Security concerns. It contends that great challenges are present to security in form of crisis in these important dimensions. Constructivism is an approach that contends that Reality is neither purely subjective nor purely objective, but is inter-subjective. Reality is constructed by the interaction of different players, actors and institutions. Constructivism helps us in understanding the concept of Human Security as the latter also constructs the concept of Security in a creative fashion. Human Security is not static as new dimensions of the ever-changing world can be included within its parameters as per the requirements. The paper is an effort to understand the relevance of Constructivism in understanding the dimensions, scope and limitations of Human Security. The approach of Human Security can also benefit the development of Constructivism as the structure of global politics may witness important change if the concept of Human Security finds a place in the perspective of major players and institutions in World Politics.

Constructivist Analysis of Independence of Bangladesh

The Independence of Bangladesh was one of the most important event to have occurred in the World Politics of 20th Century. It was not just dismemberment of the then biggest Muslim State in terms of Population, but was also a great question mark on the survival of the state that was founded only on the basis of Religion. Constructivism is an approach in International Relations that contends that Reality is inter-subjective and is constructed through the interaction of different players and institutions. This Research Paper makes an in-depth analysis of different factors that played important role in creation of Bangladesh. The two Nation theory on which Pakistan was founded has been dealt in this paper. The value of given identity depends upon its number and the binding potential of an identity is more in case of identity being in substantive minority than when the identity is in majority. The colonial construct of labelling the entire community as either martial or coward was also responsible for the crisis. The lack of democratic development has also been highlighted as it reduced the capability of Pakistani state in dealing with aspirations of people of East Pakistan. The paper also seeks to critically analyze the role of India in formation of Bangladesh.

Strategic Interactions and Uncertainty in Decisions to Curb Greenhouse Gas Emissions

This paper examines the strategic interactions of two large regions making choices about greenhouse gas emissions in the face of rising global temperatures. Three central features are highlighted: uncertainty, the incentive for free riding, and asymmetric characteristics of decision makers. Optimal decisions are modelled in a fully dynamic, feedback Stackelberg pollution game. Global average temperature is modelled as a mean reverting stochastic process. A numerical solution of a coupled system of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations is implemented and the probability distribution of outcomes is illustrated with Monte Carlo simulation. When players are identical, the outcome of the game is much worse than the social planner’s outcome. An increase in temperature volatility reduces player utility, making cooperative action through a social planner more urgent. Asymmetric damages or asymmetric preferences for emissions reductions are shown to have important effffects on the strategic interactions of players.

PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INGGRIS PADA FITUR QUICK CHAT DALAM INTERAKSI PEMAIN GAME ONLINE PUBG MOBILE

PUBG Mobile has features that help in the interaction process between players such as Quick Chat, Chat and Voice Chat. Exclamatory words and sentences using English are available in the Quick chat list in the game. The purpose of this study is to find out how the use of English in the Quick Chat feature in the interaction of PUBG Mobile game players. This research is a type of literature research with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that the use of English in the Quick Chat feature in the interaction of PUBG Mobile game players belongs to the register language variation which has a function as a command. The use of Message in the Quick Chat feature is a form of differentiating the form of communication used by PUBG Mobile game players with other online games. English used as the link players from different countries.

Positive Behavior Management: Assessment of Rugby Referees in Children Sport.

During children’s sports competitions, the referees play a special role. The referees are expected to be able to identify behavioral problems (of players, coaches, and fans), applying specific techniques to prevent negative behavior of players. Adapting these actions to the specifics of the group or individuals is crucial in providing a safe educational environment that promotes child development. The main objective of this research was to assess the quality of referees’ interactions with players in terms of positive behavior management and proficiency during rugby matches of children aged 6–12 years. Twenty-three rugby referees officiating matches organized by the Polish Rugby Union in Poland participated in the study. The research used the Referee–Players’ Interaction Assessment Scoring System tool. Additionally, referee–player interactions were recorded with a GoPro 8 camera along with audio from a wireless intercom. The significance of differences between the ratings for each indicator was tested by chi-squared test, while a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the mean ratings of positive behavior management and proficiency. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare differences between assessments of experienced and inexperienced referees. The observations showed that referees were rated significantly higher in the proficiency dimension than in positive behavior management dimension. Nevertheless, both ratings represent an average level of quality of interactions with the players. The referee’s experience did not determine the quality of his or her interactions with the players in the specific dimensions. The following conclusion was drawn from the research: referees should be trained in the methods and techniques for managing player behavior and should act to prevent the occurrence of negative behavior, by presenting clear and understandable expectations to players before the match and using preventive measures.

Talking with NPCs: Towards Dynamic Generation of Discourse Structures

Dialogue in commercial games is largely created by teams of writers and designers who hand-author every line of dialogue and hand-specify the dialogue structure using finite state machines or branching trees. For dialogue heavy games, such as role playing games with significant NPC interactions, or emerging genres such as interactive drama, such hand specification significantly limits the player's interaction possibilities. Decades of research on the standard pipeline architecture in natural language generation has focused on how to generate text given a specification of the communicative goals; one can imagine beginning to adapt such methods for generating the lines of dialogue for characters. But little work has been done on the problem of procedurally generating dialogue structures, that is, dynamically generating dialogue FSMs or trees (more generally, discourse managers) that accomplish communicative goals. In this paper we describe a system that uses a formalization of backstory, character information, and social interactions to dynamically generate interactive dialogue structures that accomplish desired dialogue goals.

Assessment of Referees in Terms of Building a Positive Climate and Responsiveness to the Health, Emotional, and Social Needs of Rugby Players in Competitive Children Sport.

One of the key elements of effective sports programs that contribute to a child’s sense of joy and satisfaction in participating in sports is contact with an adult who builds a caring climate deliberately and intentionally. Referees play a special role in providing positive experiences for young athletes. The main aim of this study was to assess the quality of referee–player interactions in terms of building a positive climate during the game and the referee’s responsiveness to the health, emotional, social, and cognitive needs of young rugby players aged 6–12 years. The research was conducted among 23 referees refereeing children’s rugby matches in Poland. The structure observation method and The Referee–Players’ Interaction Assessment Scoring System tool were used in the study. Each referee was observed twice. The referee’s verbal and non-verbal communication was recorded using a GoPro Hero 8 camera and an Ejeas Fbim wireless intercom system. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine differences between referees’ ratings on two dimensions. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to test the significance of differences in the mean scores of referees between groups divided by experience. The referees, in both dimensions (building positive climate and responsiveness to the players’ needs), scored on a 7-point scale, were rated at an average level of 3.22 (SD = 1.65) and 4.39 (SD = 1.67), respectively, with the responsiveness dimension rating being statistically significantly higher than the positive climate rating. The results showed that referee experience was not a determinant of the rating of the quality of referee–players’ interactions in both dimensions. From these studies, it was concluded that there is a need to complement the existing training programs for referees with the contents from the field of pedagogy and developmental psychology. This will help them build a positive climate during the game and show how to respond to children’s health, cognitive, emotional, and social needs. Furthermore, developing a referee’s pedagogical skills can improve their relationship with players, which can ultimately translate into a greater sense of job satisfaction. The formulated practical implications can also be transposed to other team sports.