Intersubjective Relations Research Articles

Implicit Causality and Pronoun Resolution in Intersubjective Discourse Relations.

Interpersonal verbs like disappoint and praise in Lucy disappointed/praised Mary because she… bias the potential cause of the event to one of the antecedent noun phrases (henceforth NPs) (e.g., Lucy for disappoint whereas Mary for praise). Using Chinese as its materials, this study investigated how verb-based implicit causality affects online pronoun resolution in backward concession (e.g., Lucy disappointed/praised Mary although she…), an intersubjective discourse relation where the subordinate although-clause forms an indirect relationship with the preceding main clause. Experiment 1 was a baseline experiment with the typical structure where implicit causality is found to be effective, i.e., backward causality. Results showed a clear modulation effect of implicit causality on pronoun resolution such that as verb bias strength decreases, participants were faster in processing sentences that disambiguate the pronoun to the verb-inconsistent NP. However, this modulation effect was not observed in Experiment 2 where we used the same verbs but replaced because with although. There was no preference for the pronoun to be disambiguated toward the verb-consistent NP or the verb-inconsistent NP in backward concession. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 were replicated in Experiment 3 where we directly compared causal and concessive relations. We suggest that the absent effect of verb-based implicit causality in backward concession could be attributed to the intersubjective nature of the concessive relation. Discourse devices such as although indicate speakers’ subjective perspective and comprehenders are able to quickly accommodate the speaker’s point of view during online discourse processing.

MANAGEMENT OF EMOTIONS AND THE SYNTAX OF RELATIONSHIPS

Purpose. This article explores and analyzes the first attempt in the history of Russian sociological thought to transfer the concept of “society of impressions” by G. Schulze, undertaken by the sociologist P. Aronson, to the sphere of personal relationships of individuals, and presented in the form of a mass popular scientific publication. In addition, the article examines the socio-cultural context of the modern information society, the so-called “experience economy” and the emerging practice of managing intersubjective relationships that develop in the remote access mode.
 Methodology. The author turns to the socio-philosophical and sociopsychological analysis of the emotionalization of modern culture. The article uses historical-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological methods for the analytical description of the transformation of personal relationships into economic constructs.
 Results. Particular attention is paid to the complexity of the genesis and definition of the essence of the interdisciplinary phenomenon of emotions in the comparability of various approaches already formed in the framework of psychology, sociology, and philosophy. The connection between individual prepositions of emotional syntax, and particular tactics of managing the process of establishing relationships is considered; mistakes are analyzed that lead to deformation of the links between the particular and the general due to wrong understanding or misunderstanding of the objective laws operating in this area.
 Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of cultural studies, philosophy of culture, psychology.

Intersubjectivity and the Emergence of Words.

Intersubjectivity refers to two non-verbal intersubjective relations infants experience during their first year that are precursors to the emergence of words. Trevarthen, a pioneer in the study of intersubjectivity, referred to those relations as primary and secondary intersubjectivity. The former, a dyadic coordination between the infant and her caregiver, begins at birth. The latter, a triadic coordination that develops around 9 months, allows the infant and a caregiver to share attention to particular features of the environment. Secondary intersubjectivity is crucial for an infant’s ability to begin to produce words, at around 12 months. Much research on the social and cognitive origins of language has focused on secondary intersubjectivity. That is unfortunate because it neglects the fact that secondary intersubjectivity and the emergence of words are built on a foundation of primary intersubjectivity. It also ignores the evolutionary origins of intersubjectivity and its uniquely human status. That unique status explains why only humans learn words. This article seeks to address these issues by relating the literature on primary intersubjectivity, particularly research on bi-directional and contingent communication between infants and mothers, to joint attention and ultimately to words. In that context, we also discuss Hrdy’s hypothesis about the influence of alloparents on the evolution of intersubjectivity.

The Role of Sex in Intimate Relationships: An Exploration Based on Martin Buber's Intersubjective Theory.

On the basis of Buber’s distinction between “I-It” and “I-Thou” relationships, this paper explores the role of sex in intimate relationships by analyzing research in the fields of psychoanalysis and attachment theory. In the “I-Thou” relationship mode, both parties are often able to fully participate in the current sexual behavior and respond wholeheartedly. When there is incoordination (or even conflict) in sexual activities, they can negotiate sincerely, and can even repair the relationship if it breaks down. In the “I-It” relationship mode, sex exists more as a tool to achieve a certain purpose (e.g., economic guarantee, sense of security and sense of control), and the intersubjective relatedness is abnormal: either the boundary will be blurred and others become my vassal (control strategy) or I become others’ vassal (compliance strategy); or the relatedness will be cut off, leading to loneliness or false independence (avoidance strategy).

Personal Paths of Mutual Recognition: Relational Patterns and Narrative Identities from a Personal Construct Perspective

This paper explores the intersubjective process of mutual recognition, drawing on a narrative-hermeneutic elaboration of Kelly’s personal construct theory. Kelly’s notions of dependency and role, Honneth’s and Ricoeur’s philosophical reflections on mutual recognition and intersubjective relationships, and Ricoeur’s understanding of narrative identity are considered, with a reference also to Benjamin’s relational psychoanalytic insight on the role of intersubjectivity in therapeutic relationships. Building on these contributions, the author proposes a differentiation between developmental trajectories—called “uncompleted paths of mutual recognition”—that supposedly derive from specific conditions of intersubjective imbalance. Such an imbalance is considered to be implicated in the majority of clinically significant cases of personal distress, in which the person suffers from a perceived lack of recognition from others. In doing so, the relational patterns relevant to such trajectories and the principal construct dimensions—often preverbalized constructions—that make up the narrative identities are tentatively outlined.

(In)Sights from Àwòrán: Yorùbá Epistemologies and the Limits of Cartesian Vision in Teju Cole’s Open City

AbstractTeju Cole’s Open City is often read as the quintessential Western cosmopolitan novel. But despite the protagonist’s fixation with European aestheticism, the presence of African antecedents looms almost as an unacknowledged shadow in the acclaimed cosmopolitan novel. This article traces how Yorùbá visual registers about perception, subjectivity, and representation provide interpretative cues for understanding the meta-text of Cole’s novel in ways that illuminate the conflicted, contradictory itineraries of the postcolonial African transnational figure. I argue that Yorùbá conceptual registers relating to visuality, especially the concept of Àwòrán and its insistence on intersubjective relations and the visual call of images, highlight a visual hermeneutics that inflect the construction of personhood in Open City. By tracing the centrality of Yorùbá optic codes to Cole’s project, the article concludes that the novel’s philosophically dense conversation with aspects of Yorùbá culture demonstrates how conceptual registers from African cultures might contour Afro-diasporic texts.

A comunidade na Religião consumada hegeliana a partir dos conceitos Ubuntu e Amor

The present article entitled, The community in the Hegelian Consummate Religion from the concepts of Ubuntu and Love, aims to understand how a human being (munthu) participates in the community under the aegis of the Spirit. This Spirit for Hegel is the community; it´s the consciousness of God that exists and is realized in the relationship between God-Father and God-Son. The core for apprehending the customs and institutions of the Bantu human being is the unity of life with the community whose mediator is the Spirit (muzimu); this is associated with a single principle in the munthu, -the participation. Ontologically, the Bantu is in a vital and intersubjective union with the ancestors, the living and those who are yet to be born in the community, which leads to a religious practice. The Bantus have the notion of absolute Spirit in the foreground; the source and fullness of life. Therefore, life is the greatest gift. The ancestors received it from an absolute Being, to communicate and defend it in the community. The Spirit, being dynamic, permeates the entire universe, on the basis of love and reconciliation that takes place in an intersubjective relationship, in a real way.

Palpating history: Magical healing and revolutionary care in Rural Serbia and Macedonia

Marxist feminist Silvia Federici has identified the figure of the witch as exemplifying a non-capitalist worldview. While Federici’s analysis has significantly nuanced understandings of primitive accumulation, its significance for traditions of magical healing remains to be studied. While Federici focuses on the violent campaign against witchcraft in Western Europe, she does not deal with those people who still practice ways of healing glossed as ‘witchcraft’ or ‘magic’ in the present, which have been largely subsumed by the academic discipline of folklore. As the Ottoman Empire was exempt from the early-modern witch craze, the ongoing practices of magical healing found in Serbia and Macedonia provide a particularly rich site for such an investigation. Grounded in ethnographic research on incantation-based healing practices in the Balkan region, this article reveals the contemporary significance of vernacular healing practices in cultivating a relational view of the body. While folklorists have anticipated the death of these practices since the 19th century, the continuation of these practices in the Balkan region tells us that these premonitions of cultural death did not come to fruition. By revealing the false distinction between the social body, the physical body and the mind, healers recognize the body as not only a sack of organs, but as a historical subject embedded in a specific set of material relations. Health is constituted not only by the absence of disease, but by intersubjective relations with the natural world and an ongoing obligation to act ethically toward the dead, toward one’s neighbors and toward future generations. Refusing to accept a vision of time and history that regards incantations as archaic, the dead as foreign and the village as the site of the past, the healing practices discussed in this article provide a fertile agenda for revolutionary planning.

Principles of Realization of Physical Therapy for Students: Modern Views of Neuropedagogy and Neuropsychology

The article considers the issue of the principles of realization of physical therapy of students from the point of view of neurosciences. The article notes that modern higher education is characterized by the appearance of a new medical specialty "Physical therapy, Ergotherapy". The emphasis is made on the fact that the Ukrainian society badly needed such specialists. The essence of such concepts: "higher education", "specialist", "vocational training", "physical therapy", "Ergotherapy", "rehabilitation therapist", "neuropedagogy", "neuropsychology" is considered. It is noted that physiotherapists from Japan played an important role in assisting athletes during the 2020 Olympic Games. Since 2007, the Ukrainian Association for Physical Therapy has been organized in Ukraine. It is proved that the first appearance of the profession, which is associated with physiotherapy exercises, dates back to the beginning of the XX century. It is noted that the government document gives the right to be in training persons who have special educational problems. A review of articles by domestic and foreign authors on the use of physical therapy to improve human health is made. The main aspects of training a future specialist in physical therapy are disclosed. It is noted that university teachers should think about a modern approach when teaching subjects. The professional training of future specialists in physical therapy to work on improving the health of athletes has been studied in detail. Structural components that should be taken into account by future specialists are noted. The interactive methods and forms of work that are integral to teaching students are named. It is noted that future specialists should have not only knowledge of physical culture, but also pedagogical, psychological and physiological methods of work. In addition, it was noted that for rehabilitation therapists it is important knowledge of intersubject relationships. The active-operational component of the professional activity of students has been investigated. In addition, it is noted that the physiotherapist should be professional in the selection of exercises for remedial gymnastic. Since it was found that the neuropsychological overload of students requires physical therapy.

The Neuroscience of Film

In the last decades, the contribution of cognitive neuroscience to film studies has been invested in at least three different lines of research. The first one has to do with film theory and history: the new attention, inspired by cognitive neuroscience, to the viewer’s brain-body, the sensorimotor basis of film cognition, and the forms of embodied simulation elicited by the cinematic experience has stimulated a profound rethinking of a relevant part of the theoretical discourse on cinema, from the very beginning of the twentieth century to the most recent reflections within cognitive film studies and the phenomenology of film. The second line has to do with the intersubjective relationship between the movie—its style, rhythm, characters, and narrative—and the viewer, and it is characterized by an empirical approach that yields very interesting results, useful for rethinking and problematizing our ideas about editing, camera movements, and film reception. The third line concerns a possible experimental approach to the new life of film, focusing on the digital image, the innovative forms of technological mediation, and the inscription of a new film spectatorship within a completely different medial frame. The goal of this special issue is to offer insights across these lines of research.

Struggling for home where home is not meant to be

This article focuses on how asylum seekers in Norway struggle to create a sense of home within a physical and political environment that puts significant challenges to their efforts to do so. Based on a national survey and fieldwork, we demonstrate that poor housing and the political derived marginality challenge existential and material home-making processes, thus making it an ambiguous and strenuous experience. This view is rooted in a critical phenomenological understanding in which home is built through inter-relational and intersubjective relations that constitute self and senses of belonging and/or estrangement, as well as well-being and mental health. The agentive struggle for home is a crucial aspect of asylum seekers’ experiences of belonging, well-being and mental health, thus being at the heart of questions of social justice.

Ethnographic (dis) locations: An approach for studying marginalisation in the context of socio-economic change

This paper revisits discussions about the pursuit of a singular location for ethnographic research. Citing challenges to the fixity of location, from circulation of people to the impossibility of containing digital worlds, scholars have proposed multi-sited, multi-scalar, multi-modal and multi-sensorial ethnographies, advocating that the researcher ‘follow the actor’. Drawing upon these innovations, this paper traces the affects generated in the process of following the actors as well as the consequent blurring of the division between the researcher and the researched so that they together constitute the category of ‘actors’ who co-produce the field. Using the example of an ethnography with young lower middle class women in Delhi, this paper deploys the researcher’s experience of dislocation or unexpected shuttling in the field to develop ‘dislocation’ as a methodological and analytical strategy for studying marginalisation in the context of socio-economic change by embracing intersubjective relations, affects and partiality of knowledge in ethnographic research.

Créativité numérique et innovation thérapeutique : recréer un lieu de soin sur Minecraft

ObjectivesToday, video games are recognized as an excellent tool for therapeutic mediation with young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), playing the role of a malleable medium facilitating the evolution of group dynamics and creating a play area between the child and the adult, a space of creativity and shared pleasure allowing them to “be together,” to communicate, and to enter into a secure and holding-type intersubjective relationship. This is why we wanted to maintain this type of treatment during the general lockdown imposed in France in March 2020. MethodWe set up a virtual activity based on the use of the video game Minecraft, after having reconstituted our outpatient clinic for children and adolescents on a private server. Following the end of the lockdown, we were able to experiment with two workshops: one face-to-face; and the other in video therapy. ResultsWe were able to observe similarities and differences in the use of this medium by our young ASD patients, but also in the way in which this treatment allowed us to “put a little institution” back into the daily lives of youth during lockdown. Thus, we were able to see that the content of the Minecraft game, and more specifically the reconstructed clinic, functioned as a space of holding for the adolescents. The comparison between the digital institution and the real institution was present throughout the session in the adolescents’ exploratory actions. However, they were never “tricked” by this virtual reality, each one considering this digital clinic as a simple simulation of the institution where they go for treatment. DiscussionIt should be noted, however, that this type of mediation is not the easiest to set up for a team of professionals. Indeed, we were confronted with certain difficulties, notably the amount of time required to recreate the clinic in the game, problems with the private servers, the quality of the hardware, and the extraordinary public health situation. ConclusionThis therapeutic workshop with digital mediation allowed the very early establishment of a group dynamic and of a group psychic envelope. Therapy sessions conducted in Minecraft allowed us to work on group dynamics, on the real and digital representations of a place of care, on the children's identity references (therapeutic groups, home, etc.), and on their capacity to play in a group. The adolescents enrolled were able to individually search for their own identity markers, according to their place in the institution. Finally, the Minecraft project allowed for the emergence of many interactions and shared emotions between the members of the therapeutic group (children and adults).

Discourse, culture and forms of life: the housemaid as the face of Brazilian racism

This paper is divided into two parts. The first concerns the discussion, drawing from theory, which aims to present the contours and challenges of contemporary semiotics that focus on new demands from society, attempting to describe and explain how the meaning of practices and forms of life is built. Therefore, we wish to demonstrate that the semiotics of discourse does not refuse history or the social and cultural dimensions of discourse as it takes meaning for its object, and that meaning emerges in the intersubjective relations, in the tension between the social and the individual, in the temporality of the world, and in discourse. The second part of this study discusses the semiotic status of the lexeme “housemaid”, seeking to handle the thick and resistant layers of meaning that maintain its uses in Brazilian society and that, in current history, play an important role in acknowledging the universes of values, social practices, and forms of life, deeply marked by racism and class discrimination.

USE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATED APPROACHES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

This article contains information about intersubject relationships in the system of biological education. The presented information is aimed at improving aims to improve teaching methods by linking the basic concepts used in teaching the course with the concepts used in the natural sciences. The article also provides information about intersubject communication of synchronous and asynchronous relationships.

Age, subjectivity and the concept of subjective age: A critique

This paper presents a critique and proposes a reformulation of the concept of subjective age. It questions the nature of ‘subjectivity’ used in framing the concept and the consequent failure to distinguish between ‘subjectivity’ and ‘self-identity’. I argue that age is not easily framed as a phenomenal (for-me) experience and that it is at least questionable whether aging or agedness possess what might be termed a ‘first-person’ subjectivity. What is usually referred to as ‘subjective age’ can be better understood as an aspect of an individual’s self-categorisation or self-schema, derived less from its experiential aspect than from its widespread use as an identifier of people’s social being – their they-self. Understood as part of a person’s self-schema, ‘subjective age’ is less a subjective than an inter-subjective construct, reflecting one’s place in society. Many of the correlates and consequences of ‘subjective age’ reflect a more general self-evaluation, derived from the network of inter-subjective relations in both system and life world experience, rather than the phenomenal experiences of embodied age. Integrating research on self-categorisation and social identity with ‘self-perceived’ age offers a clearer conceptual base from which to study subjective age, leaving the thornier question of the subjectivity of age to students of aging in the humanities and human sciences.

REVISITING JAVANESE ISLAM

This article tends to revisiting Javanese Islamic studies. This study began from the European travelers’ period who noted some aspects of society such as the religious life. Those notes show the negative label that is addressed to the Javanese religious practices. These negative labels are often reproduced in Javanese Islam studies to this day. This article argues that the negative labels in Javanese Islamic studies tend to be misrepresentative. These kinds of results cannot be separated from certain paradigms in religious studies. There are two paradigms in the study of religion which are discussed in this article. First, the world religion paradigm. This paradigm, consciously or not, is often used in Javanese Islamic studies. The implication is Javanese religious practices are often portrayed as animist, syncretic, and so on. Second, the indigenous religion paradigm. This article elaborates this paradigm because of its potential in understanding Javanese Islamic religious practice more properly. The basis of this paradigm is intersubjective relation with ethical commitment, responsibility, and reciprocity.

Feeling into Paula Dawson’s Holograms

This article discusses the Australian artist Paula Dawson’s (b. 1954) landmark work of art holography To Absent Friends (1989), a triptych of an empty bar, devoid of life except for streamers and abandoned champagne glasses cluttering the countertops. The largest analog holograms ever made, Dawson’s work pushes the limits of holography in both scale and subject matter. By attending to the experiential aspects of Dawson’s holograms––the interplay of looking, touching, and moving that they elicit––I situate holography within a longer history of art and aesthetic experience than is typically lent to this medium. By extension, I consider the relationship between the optic and haptic senses in both making and viewing holograms, which recall earlier artforms and theories of haptic viewing. I emphasize holography’s similarities to relief sculpture and trompe l’oeil painting and draw on ancient theories of extramission as well as nineteenth-century aesthetic empathy (Einfühlung, or feeling-into) to discuss the haptic sensation and somatic movement activated by these elusive images. I suggest that holographic images draw the beholder into a dynamic, bodily, and intersubjective relationship that happens in neither virtual nor real space-time but somewhere between the two. While viewers are denied physical entry into the virtual space of the holographic image, by feeling into the image and acting on their tactile impulse in real space, they effectively collapse the distinction between what is real and what is virtual. While Dawson’s holograms are not moving images, I suggest they are animated images that move their viewers, both physically and emotionally.

Imagined Cities of the World: From Expanded Cinema to Expanded Ethnography

By looking at ethnography as a multi-sited and evolving field in the tradition of George Marcus and Michael Fischer, the article returns to the cinematic concept of ‘expanded cinema’, focusing on current forms of expansion in audiovisual ethnographic representation (i.e., ‘expanded ethnography’). In doing so, it analyses the live cinematic performances of Supereverything* (The Light Surgeons, 2011–2017) and Invisible Cities (59 Productions, 2019) in terms of convergences, correspondences and intermedial staging, all of which dialectically synthesise the expanded field as it emerges from within the world system. The article deconstructs the aesthetical dialectics that produce the collective feeling of enlargement of the ethnographic field from a singular stage to a multiplicity of actors and stages (fields) via staged live interconnections made between intermedia technologies and social/bodily intersubjective relations, as they emerged via exploratory practices on and beyond the limits of the stage. By using sources deriving from cinematic theatre and philosophy, the article argues that the illusion of enlargement of the effigy of the world picture is techno/socially manufactured as part of the marketed media turn to imagination and subjectivity, with political consequences for ethnographic representation and its ‘expanded’ claim to a reality beyond the material history of the cosmopolis.

Easier Than Saying No: Domination, Interpellation, and the Puzzle of Acquiescence

AbstractThis article treats ambiguous heterosexual experiences—not quite rape, but not quite “just sex” either—as a form of domination, distinct from both coercion and productive power. It argues that if we wish to make sense of the power dynamics involved in these experiences, it may be useful to view the domination that takes place as a kind of interpellation, understood in the Althusserian sense as a mutually constitutive dynamic in which ideologies create “good subjects,” and subjects reproduce ideology. Considering heterosexual domination as a form of Althusserian interpellation enables us to see the power in question as an embodied, intersubjective relation that demands the complicity of dominated persons, with lasting effects on their subjectivity. This approach avoids positing the dominated as helpless victims or passive objects, while bearing witness to and shedding light on their experiences.