Intensity Of Spectra Research Articles

Comparative electroencephalography analysis: Marathon runners during tapering versus sedentary controls reveals no significant differences.

Previous studies described various adaptive neuroplastic brain changes associated with physical activity (PA). EEG studies focused mostly on effects during or shortly after short bouts of exercise. This is the first study to investigate the capability of EEG to display PA-induced long-lasting plasticity in runners compared to a sedentary control group. Thirty trained runners and 30 age- and sex-matched sedentary controls (SC) were included as a subpopulation of the ReCaP (Running effects on Cognition and Plasticity) study. PA was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Resting-state EEG of the runners was recorded in the tapering phase of the training for the Munich marathon 2017. Power spectrum analyses were conducted using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) and included the following frequency bands: delta: 1.5-6Hz, theta: 6.5-8.0Hz, alpha1: 8.5-10Hz, alpha2: 10.5-12.0Hz, beta1: 12.5-18.0Hz, beta2: 18.5-21.0Hz, beta3: 21.5-30.0Hz, and total power (1.5-30Hz). PA (IPAQ) and BMI differed significantly between the groups. The other included demographic parameters were comparable. Statistical nonparametric mapping showed no significant power differences in EEG between the groups. Heterogeneity in study protocols, especially in time intervals between exercise cessation and EEG recordings and juxtaposition of acute exercise-induced effects on EEG in previous studies, could be possible reasons for the differences in results. Future studies should record EEG at different time points after exercise cessation and in a broader spectrum of exercise intensities and forms to further explore the capability of EEG in displaying long-term exercise-induced plasticity.

Strontium oxide–Barium oxide–Aluminium oxide ternary nanocomposite: Photoluminescence and electrochemical analysis for display and supercapacitor applications

indent In the present communication, a ternary nanocomposite (NCs) of Strontium oxide (SrO), Barium oxide (BaO), and Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) were synthesized and their photoluminescence and electrochemical analysis were performed for display and supercapacitor applications. The NCs were synthesized by solution combustion method using both chemical (SBA-U) and green extract as a fuel/reducing agent (SBA-A). The synthesized sample is subjected to calcination at 600 ° C for 3 h. The Bragg reflections of the synthesized NCs can be attributed to hexagonal SrO, tetragonal BaO and spinel cubic γAl2O3. The SEM image clearly shows the presence of agglomerated irregular size and shaped NPs. The agglomeration was found to be more in SBA-U NCs rather than SBA-A NCs. The direct energy band gap was determined from UV-visible absorption spectra using Wood and Tauc’s relation. The estimated energy band gap was found to be less in SBA-A (3.81 eV) than that of SBA-U NCs (3.88 eV). Further, photoluminescence emission spectra recorded at 300 nm excitation wavelength consist of the high-intensity peak in the green region whereas satellite peaks in blue and red regions. However, the CIE plot and color-correlated temperature confirm the present synthesized NCs are promising candidates for display technology as a green phosphor material. Further, electrochemical studies were performed and the supercapacitance value was determined, which varied within the range of 97.2 to 59.6 F/g at different scan rates. Even though the fuel/reducing agent shows their effect on the intensity of photoluminescence spectra, no such variations are observed in the electrochemical studies. The synthesized samples from both methods might find an application in display and supercapacitor applications.

A comparative analysis of solid-state quantum dot-sensitized solar cells employing various hole transport layers, metal contacts, and a sensitizer comprising PbS/CdS/ZnS quantum dots

Quantum dots, as a sensitizer in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), hold the promise of revolutionizing solar energy conversion. This research mainly focuses on employing PbS/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as both light harvesters and passivation layers in QDSSCs, which are directly synthesized onto the pre-deposited TiO2 substrate through the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique. Particularly, the sample with a composition of 2 cycles of PbS, 6 cycles of CdS, and 2 cycles of ZnS (2/6/2) exhibited a wide-ranging and intense absorption spectrum, attributed to the reduction in band gap with escalation in number of SILAR cycles. The prepared samples underwent analysis through characterization methods, including SEM and XRD, and the elemental composition was examined using EDX spectroscopy. Subsequently, the 2/6/2 sample was employed as a sensitizer, with P3HT and PEDOT:PSS serving as the hole transport layers (HTL). For the metal contacts, thermally evaporated gold (Au), silver (Ag), and Ag paste were used in the fabrication of six distinct devices. FTO/TiO2/PbS/CdS/ZnS/P3HT/Au shows the best performance demonstrating PCE of 2.17 %, Jsc of 7.9 mA/cm2 Voc of 0.54 V and FF of 0.51. However, overall efficiency dropped significantly for other configurations. Additionally, impedance spectroscopic analysis revealed a notably low series resistance for the P3HT/Au configuration.

Fabrication of novel ternary dual S-scheme ZnFe2O4/Ag3PO4/ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst with enhanced visible light-driven RhB degradation

This work synthesized a ternary dual S-scheme photocatalyst ZnIn2S4/Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4 by co-modifying Ag3PO4 with ZnFe2O4 and ZnIn2S4 by facile co-precipitation method. XRD outcome established the formation of bare Ag3PO4, ZnIn2S4, and ZnFe2O4, and ZnIn2S4/Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4 was shown to be pure since peaks matching these semiconductors appeared. These findings were further supported by the FTIR and XPS analyses, which revealed the shift in structural characteristics. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a broader absorption spectrum of the nanocomposite and pointed out that it might be used as a photocatalyst in direct sunshine. Shorter charge transfer resistance and poor recombination rate of charge carriers are shown by a smaller radius in the EIS Nyquist plot and a less intense PL spectrum of ternary composite, respectively. Under simulated solar radiations, the photocatalytic performance of the ZnIn2S4/Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4 (ZIS/SP/ZIS) nanocomposite (99.8 %) was the highest against RhB decolorization when compared to pure ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) (33.3 %), Ag3PO4 (SP) (19.6 %), ZnFe2O4 (ZF) (20.1 %) and binary Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4 (SP/ZF) (55.4 %) nanocomposite. However, COD proved that complete mineralization took longer and took 240 min. Experiments on scavenging have shown that the radicals •O2−, h+, and •OH are created and influence RhB degradation in order: O2− >OH > h+. ESR experiment supported the scavenging study results. Out of two main schematic models used to depict the photocatalytic reaction mechanism, the S-scheme can effectively explain boosted light absorption, charge carrier separation, the synergistic effect of the components, and improved photocatalytic performance. Facile magnetic separation and photostability were observed as photocatalysts retained 90.8 % degradation efficiency after four reuse cycles.

Systematic comparison of commercial devices for temporal characterization of few-cycle laser pulses in the 500-1000 nm spectral range

We compare multiple temporal pulse characterization techniques in three different pulse duration regimes from 15 fs to sub-5 fs, as there are no available standards yet for measuring such ultrashort pulses. To accomplish this, a versatile post-compression platform was developed, where the 100 fs near infrared pulses were post-compressed to the sub-two-cycle regime in a hybrid, three-stage configuration. After each stage, the duration of the compressed pulse was measured with the d-scan, TIPTOE and SRSI techniques and the retrieved temporal intensity profiles, spectrum and spectral phases were compared. Spectral homogeneity was also measured with an imaging spectrometer to understand the input coupling conditions of the temporal measurements. Our findings suggest that the different devices give similar results in terms of temporal intensity profile, however they are extremely sensitive to alignment and to beam quality, especially in the case of the shortest pulses. We address specific steps of measurement procedures, which paves the way towards the standardization of pulse characterization in the near future.

Exploration of the Tungsten(VI) complex of hydroxamic acid's RNA binding affinity, histone deacetylase inhibitory activity, and antioxidant activity

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a versatile molecule, thus the opportunity to target RNA is abundant. Hence, the current exploration deals with the interaction of a metal complex of hydroxamic acid with t-RNA, along with HDAC8 inhibition activity and antioxidant activity. Binding characteristics of complex 1, Bis(N-phenylbenzohydroxamato)Tungsten(VI), which is represented as [N-PBHA-W(VI)] with Torula yeast RNA (t-RNA) were investigated by using several types of spectroscopic techniques, measurements of viscosity, and computational study through molecular docking. The intrinsic binding constant, Kb was evaluated for complex 1 which shows changes in the shift of absorption spectra, and the intensity of spectra also varies. From fluorescence measurement, the binding constant of complex 1 towards t-RNA is 6.64 ± 0.05 × 105 M−1. Stern-Volmer quenching constant was calculated. Two displacement method sare performed by using the fluorescence spectroscopic technique which discloses a groove mode of binding. The groove mode of binding is also uncovered by viscosity measurement, which was observed by increasing the complex 1 concentration. An electrochemical investigation was carried out by using cyclic voltammetry. A circular dichroism study was also employed, which further suggests a strong binding occurred between the metal complex used and t-RNA. The docked postures of t-RNA with complex 1 expose the strong interactions which suggest a minor groove mode of binding. All the experimental evidence indicates that the interaction of complex 1 with t-RNA is a minor groove mode of binding which complements the molecular docking results. In-silico studies of HDAC8 inhibition activity of complex 1 reveal that the inhibition takes place mainly by hydrophobic interaction. DPPH–radical scavenging method employed for the antioxidant activity.

A meta-plate with radial rainbow reflection effect for broadband suppression of vibration and sound radiation

The suppression of vibration and sound radiation of thin plates has always been a concern in engineering fields such as aerospace, transportation, etc. The rainbow effect refers to that the waves with different frequencies can be stopped in different positions, where the wave energy is also enhanced, as the result of the spatial slowing-down of wave velocities. This effect exhibits great potential in suppressing structural vibration and sound radiation, but corresponding studies have not been reported yet. In this paper, a meta-plate composed of ring-type unit-cells with gradient heights is proposed to generate the radial rainbow reflection effect. Upon analyzing the dispersion relationship of unit-cells and revealing the rainbow reflection mechanism, the broadband vibration and sound radiation performances of a square meta-plate with free boundaries are studied. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed meta-plate can suppress the vibration and sound radiation in broadband only with the extreme-low structural inherent loss. The wavenumber spectra of vibration velocity and supersonic intensity at typical frequencies including local and global resonant ones are analyzed to reveal the suppression mechanism of sound radiation, which is the vibration redistribution and systematic vibration reduction resulting from the rainbow reflection effect. Our design enhances the stiffness of plate structures and requires no additional damping, providing a novel approach for structural vibration and sound radiation suppression.

Spliceosomal complex components are critical for adjusting the C:N balance during high-light acclimation.

Plant acclimation to an ever-changing environment is decisive for growth, reproduction, and survival. Light availability limits biomass production on both ends of the intensity spectrum. Therefore, the adjustment of plant metabolism is central to high-light (HL) acclimation, and the accumulation of photoprotective anthocyanins is commonly observed. However, mechanisms and factors regulating the HL acclimation response are less clear. Two Arabidopsis mutants of spliceosome components exhibiting a pronounced anthocyanin overaccumulation in HL were isolated from a forward genetic screen for new factors crucial for plant acclimation. Time-resolved physiological, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis revealed a vital function of the spliceosome components for rapidly adjusting gene expression and metabolism. Deficiency of INCREASED LEVEL OF POLYPLOIDY1 (ILP1), NTC-RELATED PROTEIN1 (NTR1), and PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS1 (PRL1) resulted in a marked overaccumulation of carbohydrates and strongly diminished amino acid biosynthesis in HL. While not generally limited in N-assimilation, ilp1, ntr1, and prl1 showed higher glutamate levels and reduced amino acid biosynthesis in HL. The comprehensive analysis reveals a function of the spliceosome components in the conditional regulation of the carbon:nitrogen balance and the accumulation of anthocyanins during HL acclimation. The importance of gene expression, metabolic regulation, and re-direction of carbon towards anthocyanin biosynthesis for HL acclimation are discussed.

Fusion of Multimodal Imaging and 3D Digitization Using Photogrammetry.

Multimodal sensors capture and integrate diverse characteristics of a scene to maximize information gain. In optics, this may involve capturing intensity in specific spectra or polarization states to determine factors such as material properties or an individual's health conditions. Combining multimodal camera data with shape data from 3D sensors is a challenging issue. Multimodal cameras, e.g., hyperspectral cameras, or cameras outside the visible light spectrum, e.g., thermal cameras, lack strongly in terms of resolution and image quality compared with state-of-the-art photo cameras. In this article, a new method is demonstrated to superimpose multimodal image data onto a 3D model created by multi-view photogrammetry. While a high-resolution photo camera captures a set of images from varying view angles to reconstruct a detailed 3D model of the scene, low-resolution multimodal camera(s) simultaneously record the scene. All cameras are pre-calibrated and rigidly mounted on a rig, i.e., their imaging properties and relative positions are known. The method was realized in a laboratory setup consisting of a professional photo camera, a thermal camera, and a 12-channel multispectral camera. In our experiments, an accuracy better than one pixel was achieved for the data fusion using multimodal superimposition. Finally, application examples of multimodal 3D digitization are demonstrated, and further steps to system realization are discussed.

Performance and perceived fatigability across the intensity spectrum: role of muscle mass during cycling.

The role of muscle mass in modulating performance and perceived fatigability across the entire intensity spectrum during cycling remains unexplored. We hypothesized that at task failure (Tlim), muscle contractile function would decline more following single- (SL) versus double-leg (DL) cycling within severe and extreme intensities, but not moderate and heavy intensities. After DL and SL ramp-incremental tests, on separate days, 11 recreationally active males (V̇o2max: 49.5 ± 7.7 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed SL and DL cycling until Tlim within each intensity domain. Power output for SL trials was set at 60% of the corresponding DL trial. Before and immediately after Tlim, participants performed an isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) coupled with one superimposed and three resting femoral nerve stimulations [100 Hz; 10 Hz; single twitch (Qtw)] to measure performance fatigability. Perceived fatigue, leg pain, dyspnea, and effort were collected during trials. Tlim within each intensity domain was not different between SL and DL (all P > 0.05). MVC declined more for SL versus DL following heavy- (-42 ± 16% vs. -30 ± 18%; P = 0.011) and severe-intensity cycling (-41 ± 12% vs. -31 ± 15%; P = 0.036). Similarly, peak Qtw force declined more for SL following heavy- (-31 ± 12% vs. -22 ± 10%; P = 0.007) and severe-intensity cycling (-49 ± 13% vs. -40 ± 7%; P = 0.048). Except for heavy intensity, voluntary activation reductions were similar between modes. Similarly, except for dyspnea, which was lower for SL versus DL across all domains, ratings of fatigue, pain, and effort were similar at Tlim between exercise modes. Thus, the amount of muscle mass modulates the extent of contractile function impairment in an intensity-dependent manner.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the modulatory role of muscle mass on performance and perceived fatigability across the entire intensity spectrum. Despite similar time-to-task failure, single-leg cycling resulted in greater impairments in muscle contractile function within the heavy- and severe-intensity domains, but not the moderate- and extreme-intensity domains. Perceived fatigue, pain, and effort were similar between cycling modes. This indicates that the modulatory role of muscle mass on the extent of performance fatigability is intensity domain-dependent.

Noise suppression method for OPGW transmission line galloping monitoring by using adjacent FBG sensors

To solve the problem of transmission line galloping monitoring for optical power grounded waveguides (OPGWs) in external field environments, we propose a low-noise monitoring array based on adjacent sensors with low reflectivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG). We analyze the interference signal models for adjacent FBG sensors, and based on them, a noise suppression method by using adaptive filter input is constructed. Then we simulate the noise suppression effect of the proposed algorithm under different noise conditions. Finally, we deploy the low-noise OPGW transmission line galloping monitoring system based on low reflectivity FBGs in China’s western autonomous prefecture with a 220 kV transmission line. The experimental results show that, after adaptive filtering using adjacent sensors, the average noise power spectral density is reduced by 6.5 dB, and the algorithm optimizes the monitoring intensity spectrum. Oscillation events of about 100 m can be clearly observed within the monitoring interval. It creates certain conditions for further improving the typical event classification data processing and pattern recognition database for OPGWs and demonstrates promising prospects for engineering applications.

Non-uniform changes of daily precipitation in China: Observations and simulations

Daily precipitation of different intensities is expected to change differently in response to global warming. Based on station observations and simulations from the latest climate models, we investigated the non-uniform features of changes in daily precipitation frequency, intensity and amount over China. Results show that western China experiences an overall wetting trend across the spectrum of precipitation intensity, while eastern China exhibits negative trends in light-to-moderate precipitation and positive trends in heavy-to-extreme precipitation with respect to precipitation frequency and amount. Changes in precipitation intensity do not show a spatially consistent pattern of intensification in most intensity spectra, but exhibit the most pronounced intensification in heavy-to-extreme precipitation. Interestingly, changes in precipitation frequency dominate changes in the amount of precipitation for each intensity level, particularly for the spatial patterns. Although climate models show limited skills in reproducing the magnitudes of these observed changes, they show skills in simulating the sign of the changes. Also, they reasonably reproduce the observed non-uniform patterns of daily precipitation changes, especially for changes in the contributions from different intensity levels to annual total precipitation on average over the whole country. The evaluation of current climate models in simulating daily precipitation changes as a function of precipitation intensity suggests that improvement in the detection and attribution of precipitation changes in China can be gained by dividing daily precipitation into different categories.

Green synthesized manganese-doped cobalt ferrite photocatalysts for light driven degradation of dye and optoelectronic studies

Mn-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via the green route combustion-assisted method using tamarind seed powder as a fuel with the chemical formula MnxCo1-xFe2O4, where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, and named as CF, MCF-1, MCF-2, and MCF-3 NPs, respectively. XRD, FT-IR, SEM with EDS, XPS, TEM, CV, PL, and UV–visible spectroscopy have been employed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The average crystalline sizes of NPs were 5.7, 6.1, 6.8, and 7.6 nm, and the lattice parameters increases as the manganese dopant level rises, owing to the XRD patterns. FT-IR spectra verified the observation of the metal-oxygen bond's vibrational stretching frequency in the tetrahedral and octahedral lattices. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the elemental composition, oxidation state, and transition state of the synthesized nanoparticles were identified. The structure resembles nanoflakes with agglomeration, as revealed by SEM and HRTEM, and the elemental composition was verified by EDS. UV–visible spectroscopy was employed to figure out the bandgap, which decreases as the level of manganese doping rises. As the dose of manganese dopant was increased, the peak intensity of the luminescence spectra reduces. Synthesized NPs showed good electrochemical behaviour in CV studies. Under visible light illumination, the photocatalytic efficacy of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated with methylene blue dye.

Assessing fragility functions of unreinforced masonry buildings

The seismic vulnerability entrenched within the historical urban landscapes of Algeria serves as a poignant reminder of the pressing need for comprehensive risk management strategies, particularly concerning low and medium height unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. These architectural gems, rich in cultural significance, stand as tangible embodiments of Algeria's storied past. However, their susceptibility to seismic disturbances presents an immediate threat, demanding meticulous attention and innovative methodologies for effective risk assessment and mitigation. In a pioneering scholarly pursuit, this research embarks on an ambitious exploration, melding fragility functions and a sophisticated vulnerability index method to unravel the intricate tapestry of seismic risk assessment. Through the lens of fragility functions, the study delves into a nuanced analysis, probabilistically delineating the vulnerabilities entrenched within the complex framework of URM buildings. Furthermore, the meticulous derivation of vulnerability functions via the vulnerability index method enhances the granularity of risk assessment, providing a multifaceted perspective to discern vulnerabilities accurately. Central to this investigation is the Belouizdad district, a microcosm of historical significance nestled within the vibrant metropolis of Algiers. By scrutinizing seismic scenarios spanning a spectrum of intensities (ranging from VII to X), the study orchestrates a symphony of empirical data and analytical prowess, unraveling the potential seismic reverberations poised to impact the district's architectural heritage. In essence, this scholarly endeavor transcends the confines of mere academic pursuit, serving as a guiding light illuminating the path towards tailored seismic reduction policies. It stands as a clarion call to safeguard Algeria's architectural patrimony, fostering resilience amidst the tremors of uncertainty and ensuring the preservation of its cultural legacy for generations to come.

The Influence of Lyophilization Pretreatment and Whey Content on Whey and Gelatin-Based Hydrogels.

Whey and gelatin, natural polymers within the protein category, find widespread use in hydrogel formulations applied across the food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. This study presents new characteristics of hydrogels based on whey, gelatin, and copper sulfate as a consequence of the additional steps in the preparation method, specifically refrigeration and freezing storage followed by lyophilization. The water state in hydrogels prior to lyophilization impacts the morphological appearance, with refrigerated hydrogels exhibiting a more regular and dense pore distribution, as shown by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. This observation aligns with the higher mobility of polymer chains indicated by T2 distributions in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN) relaxometry measurements. Changes in the intensity and amide-specific wavenumbers of the FTIR spectra of whey and gelatin proteins are evident in the Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectra of crosslinked and frozen hydrogels before lyophilization. Moreover, the reinforcing effect in the hydrogel matrix, noted in mechanical tests, is attributed to increased polymer chain content and copper sulfate crosslinking.

Assessing perceived stress, sleep disturbance, and fatigue among pilot and non-pilot trainees

Pilots operating in a distinctive professional realm face substantial stress and fatigue from the crucial responsibility of navigating airplanes at high altitudes with inherent risks. Similarly, college-level students encounter heightened stress and fatigue while pursuing academic goals and engaging in different activities. Stress, a non-specific response to various demands, and fatigue, characterized by extreme tiredness, are prevalent health conditions experienced across a spectrum of intensity in daily life. In this study, we conduct an extensive analysis to address a fundamental question: how do stress, sleep disturbance, and fatigue experiences differ between pilots and non-pilot college students? Delving into stress and fatigue levels within these populations contributes to understanding these phenomena and their potential implications for overall well-being and performance. Building on a comprehensive analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) scores, we explore variations in stress, sleep disturbance, and fatigue across multiple dimensions. Our findings indicate intriguing disparities among pilot and non-pilot cohorts. Through graphical representations and statistical tests, we reveal that non-pilot college students exhibit higher perceived stress and sleep disturbance levels. In contrast, pilots demonstrate expected higher perceived fatigue levels. Our detailed analysis of subcategories, including General Fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Reduced Activity, Reduced Motivation, and Mental Fatigue, sheds light on the complexity of these differences. Notably, pilot students experience heightened fatigue, potentially linked to the demanding nature of their tasks. In conclusion, our extended analysis contributes valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of stress, sleep disturbance, and fatigue among pilot and non-pilot college students. These findings hold implications for future research and interventions aimed at enhancing the well-being and performance of individuals in these distinct educational and professional domains.

Determination of lutetium density in LYSO crystals: methodology and PET detector applications

Objective. Lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillation crystals are used in positron emission tomography (PET) due to their high gamma attenuation, fair energy resolution, and fast scintillation decay time. The enduring presence of the 176Lu isotope, characterized by a half-life of 37.9 billion years, imparts a consistent radiation background (BG) profile that depends on the geometry and composition attributes of the LYSO crystals. Approach. In this work, we proposed a methodology for estimating the composition of LYSO crystals in cases where the exact Lutetium composition remains unknown. The connection between BG spectrum intensity and intrinsic radioactivity enables precise estimation of Lutetium density in LYSO crystal samples. This methodology was initially applied to a well-characterized LYSO crystal sample, yielding results closely aligned with the known composition. The composition estimation approach was extended to several samples of undisclosed LYSO crystals, encompassing single crystal and crystal array configurations. Furthermore, we model the background spectrum observed in the LYSO-based detector and validate the observed spectra via simulations. Main results. The estimated Lutetium composition exhibited adequate consistency across different samples of the same LYSO material, with variations of less than 1%. The result of the proposed approach coupled with the simulation successfully models the background radiation spectra in various LYSO-based detector geometries. Significance. The implications of this work extend to the predictive assessment of system behaviors and the autonomous configuration parameters governing LYSO-based detectors.

Relationships between ground motion parameters and energy demands for regular low-rise RC frame buildings

AbstractThe present study aims to analyze the correlation between ground motion parameters and energy demands of low-rise RC buildings without shear walls. Two regular 4- and 7-story residential buildings were seismically designed to represent low-rise RC buildings. In order to establish the requirements of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems as well as multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, the dynamic features of “equivalent” SDOF systems were defined by using MDOF systems. The correlation of 20 ground motion parameters (GMPs) of 44 records with the energy demands obtained from a total of 176 nonlinear time history analyses was examined for the SDOF and MDOF systems within the scope of this study. The ground motion parameters (GMPs) were taken as intensity measures (IMs). In contrast, maximum input energy was used as a demand measure (DM) and these energy values were normalized with the masses of the buildings for cases, where the buildings were evaluated together. Parameters related to acceleration and velocity are generally found to yield better results in comparison to the ones related to frequency and displacement. Velocity Spectrum Intensity (VSI) and Arias Intensity (Ia) were obtained to have the highest correlation values as a single parameter. This study suggested new equations by combining multiple ground motion parameters for SDOF and MDOF systems to better reflect damage potential than a single parameter. The use of multiple parameters in combination results in better correlation coefficients.

Controllable spontaneous emission spectrum in an artificial giant atom: Dark lines and bound states

We study the spontaneous emission spectra of a few-level giant atom strongly coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide by employing variational and analytical approaches, which are beyond the rotating-wave approximation and the Markovian approximation. We show that the interference effects due to the multiple coupling points result in dark lines in spontaneous emission spectra of either two-level or three-level giant atoms regardless of whether there is a bound state or not. We illustrate that the generation of dark lines depends on the distance between the coupling points and their number. In the absence of a bound state, the dark lines can be used to suppress emission at a certain frequency in the spectrum. In the presence of a bound state, the total intensity of the emission spectrum can be significantly suppressed. The present results offer the possibility of control over the spontaneous emission with the dark lines due to the destructive interference in giant atoms. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Insight into the mechanisms of combining direct current magnetic field with phosphate in promoting emulsifying properties of myofibrillar protein

This study investigated the combined effects of direct-current magnetic field (DC-MF, 9.5 mT) and tetrasodium-pyrophosphate (TSPP, 1-5 g/L) on emulsified gel properties of porcine myofibrillar protein (MP). Results showed that MP at DC-MF and 3 g/L TSPP had decreased spectrum intensity of UV and fluorescence compared to that without DC-MF, owing to the changes of MP tertiary structure caused by DC-MF, especially tryptophan and tyrosine. The emulsion treated with DC-MF behaved better emulsifying activity and stability than that without DC-MF under such condition. And emulsion had lower creaming index and better storage stability. Gels prepared by this MP emulsion had low porosity and stable structure, accompanying with smaller size and more uniform distribution of oil droplets. Microstructure images showed that gels were covered with microporous structure, which was conducive to the good WHC of the emulsified gels (97.12%). These results showed the feasibility of DC-MF and TSPP in improving MP emulsion/emulsified gel.