Global Intensification Research Articles

Uzbekistan: Modern Strategic Directions Of Development Of Ideas And Values Of Democracy

This scientific article sets out analytical views on the intensification of international globalization and the impact of such a situation on the processes of democratic development, the need to improve the conceptual foundations of modern democracy, and the growing role of the state institution in the development of democracy, and that the effectiveness of democratic reforms largely depends on the viability of the state and its institutions for the development of more effective models of democracy. The article focuses on new and very significant conceptual ideas and conclusions on the further development and deepening of democratic reforms, improvement of democratic institutions in the country, which were put forward in the Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Parliament of January 24, 2020.

Ways to increase logistic efficiency of uzbekistan on the basis of development of central Asia transport corridors

The intensification of globalization and integration processes in the world has led to the expansion of trade relations between countries. This process requires, firstly, the development of transport communications, as well as the formation of new cheap and short transcontinental transit corridors, and secondly, the coordination of transport systems of the region with the global transports system. Today, many transport projects have been initiated, and one of the most important projects is the reconstruction of the Great Silk Road. The importance and high profitability of this sector is evidenced by the fact that in the initial stage it is planned to allocate more than 900 billion US dollars for the implementation of the project "One Belt, One Road" for the creation of global transport corridors. The launch of such transport corridors will save both time and unnecessary costs in international transport.

Світові ринки агропродовольчих товарів та участь у них України

The article examines the development trends on the world markets of agro-food products. It is pointed out that the world food market is developing according to the trends of international economic relations, so it mainly reflects their characteristic patterns in a certain period of time. The intensification of globalization and international integration has led to changes in the economies of certain countries and the whole world, as well as it has changed the consumer preferences and tastes of people around the world, so the development of agro-food markets is extremely important. The countries that form the main demand for agro-food products and comprise the main driving force of world trade in world markets are named. Regularities between the economic development of the country and consumer preferences are revealed. Forecasts on the expected state of the world food market are given and the place of Ukraine in these processes is determined. It is investigated that in the future the presence of our state on world grain markets will be maintained. It is indicated on the segment of Ukraine in the world trade of agricultural goods. It is emphasized that Ukraine is currently only at the initial stage of entering the world agro-food markets, and domestic food exports are dominated by raw materials or products with low added value (grain, vegetable oil, sugar, etc.), and exports of final food products have not reached significant volumes. The supply of ready-made domestic food products to the world market should become one of the important landmarks of the country's foreign economic policy.

Intercept of Financial, Economic and Educational Transformations: Bibliometric Analysis

Financial, economic and educational transformations might be clarified from very different perspectives. Economic transformations are used to identify as changes in value added contribution of some branch in its formation at national level, or its productivity. Nowadays economic transformation are by far wider and more complicated process because of intensification of globalization, integration and digitalization of economic relationship over the last few decades. Financial transformations are also caused by intensification of globalization, integration and digitalization of economic relationship and might be identified through characteristics of the scale of financialization in curtain country and all over the world. Expansion of financialization and digitalization trends led to relevant changes in financial products characteristics, ways of its distribution and promotion, and general relevance of financial sector in macroeconomic stability and sustainable economic growth. Digitalization and COVID-19 pandemic also led to considerable challenges and transformation of education system. Education process are needed to be based on modern pedagogical, technological and scientific approaches. It became crucial to not only disseminate traditional knowledge and ensure of obtaining hard skills, but also make students enriched with soft skills. Traditional learning process accompanied with physical visiting of classes and writing a thesis are no more relevant, so e-learning and distance learning technologies are an integral part of educational process nowadays. It is became obvious that economic, financial and education transformation are connected somehow and converged but there is lack of researches aimed at specification of their intercept and cohesion. Therefore, this research aimed at clarification of intercept between financial, economic and education transformations has both theoretical value and might have practical implication for policymakers. It is realized using VOSviewer tool based on publications in Scopus on financial, educational and economic transformations 1990–2020. Therefore, bibliometric analysis allow concluding that there are both common and specific clusters of scientific researches on economic, financial and educational transformations. Namely, all three types of transformations are somehow dependent on health care system, environmental determinants, social aspects, etc. It can be pointed out that these transformations have common preconditions, consequences and ways of implementation. This may leads to conclusion that there are some convergence between educational, financial and economic transformations.

Засоби мовної об’єктивації контролюючої стратегії дискурсу фітнес-занять

The intensification of globalization inevitably leads to the change of people’s values, the emerging of new social institutions, and, as a consequence, new institutional discourses. Thus, the dominating values of the ХХth and ХХІst centuries are strong health and good looks, which are embodied in the notion “healthism” – the high level of medical (physiological and nutritional) awareness. The popularization of healthy lifestyle and a beautiful body, as well as the promotion of fitness clubs resulted in the appearance of such a type of a discourse as fitness discourse, which we define as a variety of sports discourse that comes as a unique independent cognitive-communicative phenomenon, a relatively soft and flexible type of institutional communication which at the same time possesses the features of individual-oriented communication. It is a generally acknowledged fact that any discourse has its communicative tasks and aims, realizes basic needs and values of its participants, hence, it is based on a standard set of strategically oriented utterances. Discourse of fitness classes is not an exception. The article deals with the language means which realize the informative-teaching strategy within the framework of English fitness discourse that can be defined as an independent social practice that reflects certain mental and verbal characteristics of speakers and realises the communicative intentions of individuals aimed at satisfying diverse lower and higher needs. Basing on the research of the contextual semantics of the typical language units set, characteristic of a specific communicative tactics of English fitness discourse, as well as using the systemic-functional and stylistic methods along with semantic-syntactical analysis, we identified the textual implications and connotations of certain verbal units, that possess the potential to influence the addressee of English fitness discourse. The research resulted in singling out the following communicative tactics of the controlling strategy: the tactics of monitoring, check-back, reminding, approval / disapproval, which realize the main communicative intention that is to control the correctness of performing the workout techniques, as well as eliminating the available mistakes during fitness lessons and to ensure the result of workouts. The control strategy alongside with the means of its implementation is considered to be one of the dominant ones in the discourse of physical activities and is aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the instructor and the clients during the physical activities. The results of the research can be used to study and strengthen the communicative strategies and tactics of other discourses.

ВПЛИВ ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЇ РЕФОРМИ НА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The urgency of the problem of food security has a clear tendency to increase due to the intensification of globalization, population growth on the planet, deteriorating climatic conditions for the production of the required amount of food. Along with the malnutrition of a large part of the population, food production with the use of chemical additives that cause obesity and reduced immunity is becoming more common. The aim of the article is to carefully consider the main stages of land reform with further identification of the main challenges, risks and threats to food security. To characterize the impact of land reform on food security, the following methods were used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization - in the study of the essential characteristics of the term "land reform"; synthesis and analysis - to characterize the content of the selected stages of land reform; morphological analysis - to clarify the content of the main challenges, risks and threats to food security; graphic - for a visual presentation of theoretical and methodological material; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalizations and conclusions of the study. Ukraine has unique land and water resources that allow it to meet not only its own needs, but also to be one of the largest exporters of food. The challenges, risks and threats that have arisen and are relevant in the process of land reform, designed to change the land management system, stand in the way of achieving the main goals in the field of food security. The main challenges, risks and threats include: lack of proper control by public authorities and local governments over the rational use of land and their reproduction; use of "shadow" schemes for privatization of land resources; raw materials orientation of agricultural production with a focus on the export of products with a low level of value added; strengthening the manifestations of monopoly in the actions of agricultural holdings, which has a detrimental effect on the development of farming; the amount of rent is significantly lower than in other countries. The obtained results form the necessary basis for making changes in state regulation and development of local self-government to ensure the required level of food security.

North American Extra-Activism and Indigenous Communications Practices

There has been a wealth of research in Latin America on the most recent global intensification of extractivism, or the capitalist exploitation of natural resources. Some of this research has examined the resistance among front-line Indigenous and rural communities, and allied environmental groups, who are challenging the development of mega-scale mining, oil, gas, monoagricultural, and related infrastructural projects. Researchers have noted many similar tactical repertoires that can take multiple forms (through direct action, media representation, and in legal, political, and educational forums) and extend across geographic scales (local, national, regional, and transnational). Communications is key to much of their work; however there has been far less research examining the communications practices in any detail. This article focuses on the communications practices in use in three Indigenous led campaigns against extractivist projects in North America, the decade-old Unist’ot’en Camp in northwestern Canada, Idle No More, and the #NoDAPL of the Standing Rock Sioux. My findings indicate that a resurgent Indigenous movement, in concert with environmental and other settler allies, has adopted an array of communications practices that combine protective action on behalf of their lands and waters with the creation of new communities in place-based assemblies and social media and digital networks.

Synthesis, design and evaluation of intensified lignocellulosic biorefineries - Case study: Ethanol production

Second generation (2G) biorefineries have shown a potential to convert lignocellulosic wastes into fuels, energy, and other value-added products. However, despite the efforts made in R&D, there are several barriers to overcome their successful operation and profitability. This motivates to intensify 2G biorefineries by integrating unit operations, performing mass integration and heat integration analysis. The main focus of this work is to present the most important aspects of the design and synthesis for the intensification of 2G biorefineries, and the main contribution is the proposal of a systematic approach to evaluate different process configurations by defining a global intensification criterion. This criterion incorporates indicators to assess waste emissions, utility duties, energy consumption and production cost. The proposed methodology is used to decide the best synthesis and design of a 2G biorefinery for the main ethanol production. Various biorefinery configurations are proposed considering different levels of intensification, and comparing two different pretreatments and two alternative separation processes. As a result, the best intensified design is identified by using the proposed global intensification criterion.

Could Global Intensification of Nitrogen Fertilisation Increase Immunogenic Proteins and Favour the Spread of Coeliac Pathology?

Fertilisation of cereal crops with nitrogen (N) has increased in the last five decades. In particular, the fertilisation of wheat crops increased by nearly one order of magnitude from 1961 to 2010, from 9.84 to 93.8 kg N ha−1 y−1. We hypothesized that this intensification of N fertilisation would increase the content of allergenic proteins in wheat which could likely be associated with the increased pathology of coeliac disease in human populations. An increase in the per capita intake of gliadin proteins, the group of gluten proteins principally responsible for the development of coeliac disease, would be the responsible factor. We conducted a global meta-analysis of available reports that supported our hypothesis: wheat plants growing in soils receiving higher doses of N fertilizer have higher total gluten, total gliadin, α/β-gliadin, γ-gliadin and ω-gliadin contents and higher gliadin transcription in their grain. We thereafter calculated the per capita annual average intake of gliadins from wheat and derived foods and found that it increased from 1961 to 2010 from approximately 2.4 to 3.8 kg y−1 per capita (+1.4 ± 0.18 kg y−1 per capita, mean ± SE), i.e., increased by 58 ± 7.5%. Finally, we found that this increase was positively correlated with the increase in the rates of coeliac disease in all the available studies with temporal series of coeliac disease. The impacts and damage of over-fertilisation have been observed at an environmental scale (e.g., eutrophication and acid rain), but a potential direct effect of over-fertilisation is thus also possible on human health (coeliac disease).

Simone de Beauvoir and a period of transition.

This article discusses the global intensification of gender inequality during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. It reflects on the meaning of being a woman in the recent time of transition and the phenomenon of gender discrimination, which has been a lived experience of women worldwide. The article compares the Covid-19 situation seen through a gender lens with the previous period of transition described by Simone de Beauvoir seventy years ago. It argues that the post-pandemic world should be created from the feminist perspective that calls for social and educational change.

Time-cumulative effects of neonicotinoid exposure, heatwaves and food limitation on stream mayfly nymphs: A multiple-stressor experiment

The global intensification of agriculture has resulted in pesticides playing an increasingly important role as anthropogenic stressors and drivers of environmental change. There is also a growing need to determine if other environmental stressors, especially those predicted to worsen with climate change, interact with pesticides to alter their effects on non-target biota. Two such stressors are increased extreme temperature events and periods of food limitation. This study is the first to investigate the combined effects of the world's most widely used insecticide, imidacloprid, with heatwaves and food limitation on a freshwater animal. A 6-week, full-factorial laboratory experiment with Deleatidium spp. mayfly nymphs was performed to investigate the potential for direct and delayed interactive effects of simulated heatwaves and starvation with chronic exposure to a field-realistic concentration of imidacloprid (0.4 μg/L). The experiment included two 6-day simulated heatwaves, one during a starvation period prior to imidacloprid addition, and one during the first 6 days of imidacloprid exposure. The simulated heatwaves alone caused such drastic negative effects on Deleatidium survival and mobility that mainly antagonistic interactions were observed with the other stressors, though delayed synergisms between imidacloprid and the second heatwave also affected mayfly mobility. Time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid was evident, with imidacloprid first affecting mayfly mobility after 12 days but eventually causing the strongest effects of all manipulated stressors. However, lethal effects of imidacloprid could only be detected in the absence of heatwaves and starvation, possibly as a result of selection for stronger individuals due to prior exposure to these stressors. Our findings demonstrate that heatwaves of increasing severity will critically affect sensitive freshwater organisms such as mayflies, and that the impacts of widespread pesticide use on freshwater ecosystems under global climate change cannot be ignored.

Observed changes in vapor pressure deficit suggest a systematic drying of the atmosphere in Xinjiang of China

The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the difference between the atmospheric water vapor holding capacity at saturation (es) and actual amount of water vapor (ea) in the air at a given temperature. In this study, we investigated the changes in VPD and related variables (air temperature, relative humidity, es and ea), and assessed the relationship between VPD and atmospheric conditions in Xinjiang over the period 1961–2017. The annual VPD records showed increasing trends during all seasons. In terms of spatial distribution, the increasing and decreasing trends of annual VPD were 79% (57% significant) and 21% (9% significant) of the observation stations, respectively. A trend reversal from downward to upward was observed in 1993, and the VPD records indicated rapid drying of the atmosphere in Xinjiang for 1994–2017, especially in the summer months. The differences in es and ea resulted in changes in the VPD, and the ea generally increased less than the es. We suggest that the increasing VPD in Xinjiang is due to increasing es from rising temperatures and decreasing ea from decreasing relative humidity since 1994. The decreased relative humidity has a strong influence on the increased VPD and accounts for ~74% of the variance in Xinjiang. In different environments, the VPD trends followed changes in air temperature and ea, with the greatest VPD increase in the desert, followed by the oasis and mountain environments. The increased VPD observed in Xinjiang between 1994 and 2017 is consistent with the global intensification of drought and adverse ecological effects of the 21st century. Thus, VPD change can be an accurate measure of regional drought and vegetation dynamics in Xinjiang.

Influences of land resource assets on economic growth and fluctuation in China

The intensification of globalization has led to an increase in the attention paid to resource security, which, as one of the most important material bases for human survival and development, constitutes the key factor affecting overall resource security. Taking 104 cities in China as research objects, we built a spatial econometric model of land resource assets, economic growth, and economic fluctuation based on the calculated value and economic efficiency of various land resource assets. Our results show that each 1% increase in the abundance of land resource assets results in an increase in urban per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of 0.0089% and a decrease in the fluctuation of the value of urban per capita GDP of 0.1163%, indicating that improving the abundance of land resource assets drives local economic growth while smoothing economic fluctuation to ensure the stability of economic growth. An examination of their effects over time revealed that land resource assets promoted economic growth during 2009 and 2010 and restrained economic fluctuations during 2011 and 2012. Land resource assets were also shown to be capable of promoting economic growth in large cities and to have a weak promotional effect on economic fluctuations in large cities and the opposite effect in small cities. Several policy implications can be derived from this work, including (1) the limited nature of land resources means that local governments should actively prepare land resource balance sheets prior to land allocation and city planning, and (2) governments should work to actively break through the restrictions of land resource assets on economic fluctuations while giving full play to the role of land resource assets in promoting economic growth.

ЕПОХА ВОЄННОЇ АСИМЕТРИЧНОСТІ: ОСНОВНІ ГРАВЦІ СУЧАСНОСТІ

Сучасний світ досить непередбачуваний, а тенденції розвитку світового порядку ХХІ століття свідчать про все більш наростаючу глобальну безпекову кризу. Порушення норм міжнародного права, гібридні війни, а також нові (нетрадиційні) форми ведення війни особливо негативно впливають на безпеку країн світу, в тому числі й України. Розглянуто сучасні нетрадиційні війни як приклад воєнної асиметричності, зазначено її основних гравців; розглянуті домінуючі способи вирішення конфліктів та вплив міжнародної спільноти на цей процес; акцентовано увагу на шляхах запобігання розширення ареалу конфлікту на території України

КОНСОЛІДАЦІЯ МІЖНАРОДНОГО ПОРЯДКУ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЛЮДСТВА

The problems and prospects of a new international order formation in terms of the transformation of the international system are viewed. It is proved that sustainable development of the contemporary international system depends on the consolidation of the international community and the constructive cooperation between the international relations participants. Thus it is necessary to begin the process of developing a new model of a world governing that would take into consideration the conditions of the global world of the XXI century. The necessity of comprehensive study of the components of the global crisis of world governance and search for mechanisms to overcome it by consolidating participants of the international system are proved. A complex crisis in various fields and at various levels, from local to global proves incapacity, due to lack of appropriate mechanisms, of the international community to overcome the global system crisis that includes world governing crisis. Thus, the current crisis on the global level always calls for search the means and factors that would provide stabilization of the social, economic and political relations, consolidation of social powers and all members of the international system. The current global system crisis is not accidental one and it is a natural phenomenon associated with long-term trends of world political and economic development. Thus the present global system crisis has its own peculiarities and distinctive features associated with the processes of globalization, regional political and economic integration, global migration and more. Crisis development was accelerated because of the collapse of the bipolar international system and intensification of globalization. Obviously, handling crisis development is possible to be achieved, provided the acquisition of the new international system a balance that would correspond properly to the character of global transformations. From this perspective, changes in social development have made the problem of international political consolidation a highly topical one as it is aimed at sustainable development of mankind.

Deglobalization ‒ a situational phenomenon or a stable world trend?

The aim of the article is to identify trends in the world economy in terms of changes in periods of increasing globalization and deglobalization manifestations, supplementing them with a study of the factors that stimulate these manifestations. Economic-financial, social and political globalizations are singled out as planes of globalization processes development. It is shown that economic and financial globalization is characterized by the intensity and conditions of movement of goods and services in international trade flows; organizational and economic transformations of entrepreneurship in the context of innovative changes in the world’s economic development; investment component of the economies functioning; formation of a common financial market, etc. Social globalization finds its expression through cross-cultural and behavioral aspects of interactions in the world; migration processes; the role of the information space in reformatting the world order, etc. Political globalization is manifested in the peculiarities of the influence of the institutional factor on market structures; decision-making procedures at the national and international levels, etc. The cyclical intensification of globalization and deglobalization manifestations in the world economy has been studied, which demonstrates the stability of the tendency to weaken the importance of fragmented supply chains in international trade. It has been proven that the ability to adapt is especially important for companies to be able to use the opportunities that are open to them as actors in today's interconnected world, and not lose their potential under the influence of often contradictory forces, which are due to them. Differences in perceptions of the benefits and threats of globalization forces by different population groups are shown, as well as changes in the geography of global demand, the drivers of skepticism about globalization are outlined, the most important of which are: inequality, and in the interstate context); certainty (vulnerability caused by the possible loss of national identity and its gradual replacement by cultural norms of other countries); impact (vulnerability due to difficult opportunities to counter the decisions and policies of international organizations and multinational companies).

Applications of Microbial Laccases: Patent Review of the Past Decade (2009–2019)

There is a high number of well characterized, commercially available laccases with different redox potentials and low substrate specificity, which in turn makes them attractive for a vast array of biotechnological applications. Laccases operate as batteries, storing electrons from individual substrate oxidation reactions to reduce molecular oxygen, releasing water as the only by-product. Due to society’s increasing environmental awareness and the global intensification of bio-based economies, the biotechnological industry is also expanding. Enzymes such as laccases are seen as a better alternative for use in the wood, paper, textile, and food industries, and they are being applied as biocatalysts, biosensors, and biofuel cells. Almost 140 years from the first description of laccase, industrial implementations of these enzymes still remain scarce in comparison to their potential, which is mostly due to high production costs and the limited control of the enzymatic reaction side product(s). This review summarizes the laccase applications in the last decade, focusing on the published patents during this period.

Investigating the Impact of Critical Factors on Continuance Intention towards Cross-Border Shopping Websites

With the intensification of globalization and the widespread adoption of the internet, cross-border e-commerce has become a popular way of shopping. In order to investigate the sustainable development of the cross-border online purchase intention, we propose the framework that uses electronic word of mouth, perceived value, website design quality, trust, perceived risk and the uncertainty avoidance index as the exogenous variables, which influenced the continuance intention towards cross-border shopping and was mediated by the satisfaction of the customers. The results showed: (1) Among all the suggested independent variables, electronic word of mouth, website design quality, trust and the uncertainty avoidance index significantly predicted the satisfaction of the customers; (2) Customer satisfaction towards the websites significantly predicted the continuance intention of users. A detailed explanation of the results and implications for the theoretical and managerial implications for practitioners and academic researchers in the sustainable promotion and development of e-commerce is discussed.

English as a linguistic resource

With the intensification of globalization and advancement of digital communication, interactions online have gained increasing vitality in our life. Online communication now influences the spread of various languages (e.g., English) and semiotic signs (e.g., emoticons) to many countries, especially for those characterized by Kachru (1986) as belonging to the Expanding Circle (e.g., Japan, China — countries where English is usually practiced as a foreign language). Recent inquiries of digital discourse analysis have researched how English and its features are adopted in countries of the Expanding Circle (e.g., Crystal, 2008; Zhang, 2012). This paper continues to explore the linguistic landscape of English practices online, and specifically focuses on how micro-blogging users in mainland China adopt English as a resource for meaningful multilingual communication.

Risk of Introduction of Infectious Animal Diseases for Europe Based on the Health Situation of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

The current growth of the human population, the intensification of animal production, climate change or globalization favors an increase in the transmission of infectious diseases. Risk analysis is the tool that allows the identification of the factors involved in the introduction and the spread of infectious diseases. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the risk of entry of animal infectious zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to countries of the European Union. A probabilistic formulation has been developed to obtain the probabilities of introduction of diseases associated with each possible route of entry in the European Union. The results show that, among the infectious diseases analyzed in this study, avian influenza and Newcastle disease are the ones with a higher risk of entry in the European Union and the wild bird's migration is the route with greater impact. It is confirmed a moderate probability of entry of some vector-borne diseases, bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease, through wind flow from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Due to the absence of live dromedary movement to Europe, the more likely way of entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome is through the infected people movement from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman. This study includes different methodologies. A model of vectors dispersion in wind currents has been established to assess the risk of introduction of vector borne diseases. It is applicable both in animal health and public health. A periodical update would be useful to obtain a periodically updated risk analysis and to allow early detection of potential hazard with an increased risk over the previous years.