Intelligent CAD Research Articles

Application Status of Intelligent CAD in Mechanical Manufacturing

Machinery manufacturing takes up a very heavy proportion in the national economy, which is the core industry as well as the cornerstone of a country’s national economy. Mechanical manufacturing has been slowed down because the manufacturing process is complex. With the development of social economy, and the advent of the era of science and technology, the production manufacturing technology level is increased sharply in order to promote the development of China’s industrialization process, gradually in the mechanical manufacturing will be tedious manual production mode transformation to the intelligent technology development, the automation and intelligent technology applications, the application of intelligent CAD is one of them. The application of intelligent CAD technology in machinery manufacturing is conducive to improve the development level of machinery manufacturing industry and it is an important measure for the transformation of industrial production towards digitalization and modernization. This paper analyses the application status of intelligent CAD technology in mechanical manufacturing and discusses its future development trend Introduction.

Development of Integrated Intelligent Cad System for Design of Shafts

Development of Integrated Intelligent Cad System for Design of Shafts

Development of integrated intelligent CAD system for synthesis and stress-deformation analysis of pressure vessels

This paper presents the process of developing an integrated intelligent CAD system (IICAD) for synthesis and stress-deformation analysis of pressure vessels. The name of the system is IICAD PP system. The goal of the paper is to present procedures and steps to develop IICAD system for specific type of products. These procedures and steps can be used to develop IICAD system for any type of specific products or family of products. IICAD PP system can help engineers during calculation and design of pressure vessels. The paper shows that IICAD PP system enables quick calculations of design parameters, automatic generations of 3D geometrical model and automatic conduction of numerical analysis for stress and deformation. All these design activities take a lot of time from engineers if they are done using conventional methods.

Visual Intelligent Computer-Aided Concept Design of Fusion Rector Blanket and Its Application

Visual Intelligent Computer-Aided Concept Design of Fusion Rector Blanket and Its Application

An Intelligent Two Phase Fuzzy Decision Tree Based Clustering Model for Design of Computer Aided Detection/Diagnosis (CADe/CADx) System

Automated computer aided detection/diagnosis (CADe/CADx) system plays a key role in decision making process and work as a recommender system for researchers. Nowadays, CADe/CADx systems are getting popular due to their strong ability to extract complex relations present in unprocessed data set. In this research article, we present an intelligent two phase classification model for the design of CADe/CADx system. In order to design an intelligent CAD system, the primary challenge lies in identifying important attributes. The presence of irrelevant and redundant attributes in the data can have adverse impact over classifier accuracy. An efficient dimensionality reduction technique aims at achieving lower computational cost with reduced storage requirement by choosing problem specific relevant or significant attributes. The secondary challenge is to provide unambiguous and comprehensible rule base for accurate predictions. The contribution of work can be stated twofold: first, to attain reasonably good classification accuracy with possible speed up, linear discriminant analysis and some popular correlation coefficients (Fisher, Phi and Point bi-serial) are being used to identify significant attributes. Second, to generate comprehensible and understandable rule set a fuzzy decision tree based clustering approach is used. The performance of proposed model is verified on twelve famous UCI data sets.

Intelligent agents for feature modelling in computer aided design

Abstract CAD modelling can be referred to as the process of generating an integrated multiple view model as a representation of multiple views of engineering design. In many situations, a change in the model of one view may conflict with the models of other views. In such situations, the model of some views needs to be adapted in order to make all models consistent. Thus, CAD models should be capable of adapting themselves to new situations. Recently, agent based technologies have been considered in order to increase both knowledge level and intelligence of real and virtual objects. The contribution of this paper consists in introducing the intelligent agents in intelligent CAD modelling. The proposed agents are elementary geometrical and topological objects. They incorporate the functions of observation, decision and action, and possess their own knowledge. Agents have the capacity of communication and inference based on the feature grammars. They are modelled as bio-dynamic objects that enjoy the properties of fusion, division and multiplication. Being aware of the context, the proposed agents interact to form potential regional transitory communities, called regions. Being aware of their belonging in a region, agents interact by generating virtual links (virtual extensions). These virtual links produce: (a) fusion of agents, (b) division of agents and c) multiplication of agents. The emerged agents interact with the other agents in a region to recognize each other and to form specific sub-communities, called intelligent features. From a CAD software development point of view, this paper advocates the idea of a new phase of CAD system development based on the agent-oriented programming (AOP) paradigm. Highlights This paper proposes the agent paradigm for intelligent CAD modelling. Second section presents the state of art. In the third section, using the linguistic hypothesis of product design, a feature modelling formalism is presented. Fourth section presents a formal model for agent modelling. In the fifth section, agents for feature generation and modelling are formalised and modelled. The sixth section presents the application of the method. Finally, in the last section, the conclusion and future developments are proposed.

Review of Methods for Synthesis of the Model of Class of Spiroid Gearboxes for Intelligent CAD Systems. Part 2. Development of Methodology for Synthesis of the Generalized Model

Необходимым условием создания интеллектуальной системы автоматизации конструкторской деятельности, позволяющей не только выполнять графические работы, отдельные инженерные расчеты или документирование, является создание обобщенной модели класса конструируемых объектов, сохраняющей конструкторский опыт в виде отдельных технических решений конструкций изделий, их узлов, сборок, подсборок и деталей. Чем сложнее объект, тем больше возможных модификаций его конструкции может быть реализовано. Использование в качестве базового алгоритма функционирования системы автоматизированного конструирования алгоритмa комбинаторного перебора требует формирования исходного множества конструктивных элементов и особенностей их исполнения, на котором будет осуществлен перебор. Формирование указанного множества может быть реализовано различными методами, отличающимися по уровню наглядности, защищенности от ошибок, избыточности. Базовым, безусловно, является графовый метод, описанный в первой части статьи, на котором исходно был разработан алгоритм построения классификатора класса спироидных редукторов. Сложность формализации данного метода натолкнула автора на его модификацию. Так были разработаны табличный, графово-табличный и матричный методы построения модели класса спироидных редукторов. Особенность первого метода состоит в том, что иерархическая структура конструкции объекта представляется двумерной таблицей, с помощью которой обобщение информации идет корректнее, поскольку очевиднее выделение необязательных компонентов конструкции. Графово-табличный метод является симбиозом графового и табличного метода, сохраняет наглядность структур и обеспечивает корректность описания функциональных элементов. В силу сочетания наглядности и простоты реализации графово-табличный метод максимально исключает потерю информации. Матричный метод особенно актуален, когда структура исходных конструкций более сложная, поскольку данный метод позволяет корректно обработать необязательные вершины групповой принадлежности и фантомы.

Review of Methods for Synthesis of the Model of Class of Spiroid Gearboxes for Intelligent CAD Systems. Part 1. Graph Method

Создание интеллектуальных систем автоматизации конструирования требует решения задачи накопления и обобщения конструкторского опыта. Разработка модели конструкторской деятельности сталкивается с отсутствием сквозного алгоритма, позволяющего синтезировать конструкцию, имея в качестве исходных данных потребительские качества изделия. Именно этим объясняется функциональный набор современных САПР, которые способны автоматизировать процессы выполнения графических работ, строить трехмерные модели, выполнять отдельные инженерные расчеты, готовить конструкторскую и технологическую документацию, однако не позволяют выполнить структурный синтез будущего изделия. Решающим фактором в реализации процесса структурного синтеза становятся опыт конструктора и его интуиция. Автор статьи, разрабатывая методологию автоматизации процесса структурного синтеза, ставит вопрос о накоплении «конструкторского опыта» для его дальнейшего использования в качестве информационного обеспечения системы автоматизированного конструирования, способной максимально автоматизировать процесс структурного синтеза будущей конструкции. Обобщение опыта рассматривается автором как формирование модели класса объектов, позволяющей зафиксировать максимальное количество особенностей конструктивных исполнений изделия и его компонентов. Еще одна задача, которая должна быть решена при создании модели класса объектов, - это обеспечение возможности ее автоматизированной реализации. В качестве модели класса объектов автор предлагает использовать классификатор, представляющий собой набор классификационных признаков (вопросов) и множество значений признаков (альтернативных ответов на каждый из поставленных вопросов). В качестве объекта конструирования рассмотрен спироидный редуктор, представляющий собой объект средней степени сложности. Графовое представление конструкции объекта, позволяющее продемонстрировать все конструктивные единицы, обладающие определенными, интересующими конструктора свойствами, является наглядным и удобным для математического, а следовательно, алгоритмического описания. В статье обоснована необходимость и возможность создания классификатора в качестве обобщенной модели класса спироидных редукторов, построенной графовым методом, состоящим в обобщении графовых моделей отдельных конструктивных решений. Автором рассмотрен графовый метод Половинкина, обоснована необходимость его модификации, предложен графовый метод, обеспечивающий высокую степень автоматизации процесса обобщения конструкторского опыта и создания классификатора.

Development of integrated intelligent computer-aided design system for mechanical power-transmitting mechanism design

This article presents architecture of integrated intelligent computer-aided design system for designing mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms (IICADkmps). The system has been developed in C# program environment with the aim of automatising the design process. This article presents a modern, automated approach to design. Developed kmps modules for calculation of geometrical and design characteristics of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms are described. Three-dimensional geometrical parameter modelling of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms was performed in the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing/computer-aided engineering system CATIA V5. The connection between kmps calculation modules and CATIA V5 modelling system was established through initial three-dimensional models – templates. The outputs from the developed IICADkmps system generated final three-dimensional virtual models of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms. Testing of the developed IICADkmps system was performed on friction, belt, cogged (spur and bevel gears) and chain transmitting mechanisms. Also, connection of the developed IICADkmps system with a device for rapid prototyping and computer numerical control machines was made for the purpose of additional testing and verification of practical use. Physical prototypes of designed characteristic elements of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms were manufactured. The selected test three-dimensional virtual prototypes, obtained as an output from the developed IICADkmps system, were manufactured on the device for rapid prototyping (three-dimensional colour printer Spectrum Z510) and computer numerical control machines. Finally, at the end of the article, conclusions and suggested possible directions of further research, based on theoretical and practical research results, are presented.

An interactive and immersive human–computer interface for rapid composite part production design

This article addresses the need for better retention and exploitation of tacit knowledge for intelligent computer-aided design. It presents an automated design framework for the development of individual part forming tools for a composite stiffener incorporating parametrically developed design geometries. This work develops existing principles in knowledge-based engineering and parametric modelling beyond product design in the manufacturing planning domain. Outcomes demonstrate chronological benefits of automated process design methods as well as learning enhancements as the tacit knowledge data set can now include an applied element through an auto-generated virtual build environment. A virtual environment presenting a design concept to the planner for interactive assembly assessment was generated in twenty seconds and enabled the completion of virtual builds in support of the development of an optimal forming tool arrangement. This principle enables the addition of an experiential tacit knowledge feedback loop to further improve assembly planning for design concepts as they evolve. Challenges still exist in determining the level of reality required to provide an effective learning environment in the virtual world. Full representation of physical phenomena such as gravity, part clashes and the representation of standard build functions require further work to represent real physical phenomena robustly.

Development of Information Support for Intelligent CAD of Cutting Processes

Development of Information Support for Intelligent CAD of Cutting Processes

Modularized design-oriented systematic inventive thinking approach supporting collaborative service innovations

The rapid evolution of new service systems raises crucial challenges for service design and requires effective methods. This study depicts a conceptual service design framework, called design-oriented systematic inventive thinking (DSIT) approach, which can be applied in different problem contexts. DSIT is presented as a new systematic and collaborative intelligence approach for creating and evaluating complex service systems using multi-criteria data analytics. DSIT synthesizes the current field of TRIZ service-design knowledge system and the emerging area of non-TRIZ service-design knowledge system. DSIT enables integrated development of service offerings at four dimensions and provides the matching integrated service design approach for each dimension. Four types of service design approaches are conceptualized as “human-independent service engineering,” “problem-clarified service engineering,” “solution-converged service engineering,” and “designing for service.” A new service computer-aided design system (service CAD) named DSIT explorer is developed consisting of customization, compatibility, and extensiveness of DSIT modules. A pervasive and smart collaborative service system (i.e., the smart MOS burger service solution) designed using DSIT explorer is illustrated. DSIT is a holistic, interdisciplinary, and collaborative service design concept, which is incorporated into a collaborative and intelligent service CAD framework to enable systematic inventive thinking throughout phases of service design lifecycle from problem definition, problem resolution, to solution evaluation.

Automated Layout Design of Stiffened Container Structures Based on the Morphology of Plant Ramifications

This study proposes a new topology optimization solution providing designers with choices for feasible stiffener layouts inside large-scale containers of garbage trucks. Firstly, the mathematical expressions of loading conditions inside garbage containers are derived. Then, a growth-based layout optimization framework is built, taking inspiration from the morphology of plant ramifications. The principles of the highly effective but individual design rules of existent leaf venation layout problems are explored and transferred into analytical laws. Based on this, an evolutionary algorithm is developed to simulate the load-adapted growth of stiffener layouts, which provides an approximately homogeneous stress distribution along the surface of self-optimizing structures. Unlike the conventional methods, the new approach needs neither the densest ground structure nor the modification of the existing finite element programs, it is fast, easy to apply and nearly constraint free. Finally, a case study is provided showing how a large-scale container structure can be designed by this extremely intelligent CAD approach.

Ontology Modeling for Intelligent Computer-Aided Design of Apparel Products

This paper presents a study developing a model of the ontology of an apparel product and the design thereof. Here, “ontology” means the concepts and relationships between them for apparel and apparel design; ontology models are also called conceptual models. To the best of our knowledge, such a model has not yet been made in the literature of apparel and apparel design. A conceptual model is a foundation for (1) effective human-human communication and collaboration, (2) facilitating the communication among different computer programs for computer-aided design (CAD) of apparel products, and (3) facilitating human-computer interactions necessary to design an apparel product. The conceptual model developed completely captures the semantics of apparel and design, including the 2D pattern and 3D apparel product. An example is presented, providing an impression of the usefulness of this model.

ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHAINS AND PROCESSES DESIGNING

The current state of the problem of synthesis of technological chains and processes of the computer-aided systems for technological processes designing was reviewed. Some publications on the results of modern research were analyzed; features of modern system’s program design were described. A classification of CAD for the technological processes of industrial and specific purpose was presented, taking into account new trends in medicine, as well as the classification methods, utilized in CAD. It is shown that the achieved level of modern theory does not allow us to create a universal synthesis technology that may be common to all subject areas. Prospects to solve the problem are associated with the construction of intelligent computer-aided design systems that implement the most common approach to synthesis, based on simulation and development activities, designed to support scientific, technical and technological solutions in the priority areas of science and technology. A general circuit of multilevel iterative synthesis process built on knowledge bases intended for storing precedents, select, configure, and options evaluating is presented. In case of absence of a suitable sample in the base, a direct synthesis of a new process is performed, using one of the possible formal approaches.

Structure of Information Model of Steel Tanks

The structure and key elements of the information model of horizontal steel tanks and underground tanks, on which the development of intelligent CAD systems are based, are described. The initial model inputs: functions, operating conditions, and basic dimensions of the constructed objects. The result: apparatus design variants that satisfy the initial data and the restrictions of the normative documents. The key elements of the information model: register of elements, model of structure, model of parameters, model of element positioning in space, and model of technical specifications of the designed equipment. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is use of If…Then… type of production rules. The model is designed for use at the stages of structural and parametric synthesis, construction of a 3D model, and drawing up of technical specifications of the designed objects with minimal involvement of the designer.

Cognitive Tools for Design Engineers: A Framework for the Development of Intelligent CAD Systems

Abstract Great design engineers are highly creative and unorthodox individuals who invent novel solutions that satisfy a set of constraints that are often ill-defined and customer driven. Designers use many tools to develop their designs, such as computer aided design (CAD) systems, that do not support the cognition that drives the design process. This paper develops the cognitive psychological background, a state of the practice based rationale for CAD enhancement and the research framework for cognitive CAD tools that support the design engineer during the creative problem solving process through reasoning and meaningful design alternatives. The research framework presented here was initially created for the development of cognitive tools for mechanical design but is transferable to other design disciplines. At the core of the research plan are the development and implementation of an artificial memory that is interpreted with real-time data analyses supported by machine learning, and made accessible to the design engineer through interaction design for intelligent CAD (iCAD).

The Intelligent CAD Design for the Quenching Machine Tool Based on the NEI in the Full Lifecycle

In our country, the common problems of the quenching machine tool in manufacturing are lack of systematic and modular. In design and manufacturing process, there is no designing platform for the whole life cycle of the machine tool. Aimed at this problem, this paper construct a intelligent designing platform for the general quenching machine tool based on the whole life cycle. The platform can control the whole life cycle of the quenching machine tool. It used NEI biological network technology on the machine tool designing CAD system module. The platform realizes the automatic discovery, negotiation and combination of the designing resources and design knowledge. The platform generates a self-organization, self-aggregation, collaborative intelligent designing environment. The platform broke the limitations of the traditional machine tool design and solved the problems lacking of a systematic modular to the quenching machine tool in manufacturing industry .

Model of Intelligent Design and Optimisation of Structures of Vision Systems for Surface Inspection

The article presents a selected area of on-going research on the possibility of using intelligent computer-aided design systems for surface inspection of products manufactured in large batch processes. Systems based on machine vision are used wherever it is essential to obtain high efficiency, reproducibility, and where there is the need to use non-contact measurement methods. The IT solution significantly improves the design processes by automatically generating optimal configuration of machine vision systems intended for the detection of surface defects in manufactured products. General structure of the model and its individual modules, performing functions such as automatic component selection of machine vision systems, setting the angle of the light emission towards the surface of the analysed objects, and the selection of the range of light radiation are discussed. The individual configuration steps of vision systems for surface inspection, in which processes are implemented using expert systems making inferences based on both classical bivalent logic, as well as multi-valued fuzzy logic, are shown. The author presents the original methodology for the optimisation of structures forming vision systems intended for the reduction of components and costs associated with their implementation in physical structures, designed for use in production lines. The results of empirical studies of the calculation model are shown.

An integrated setup planning and fixture design system for prismatic parts

This paper reports a knowledge–based system for conceptual and layout modular fixture design developed on an intelligent CAD system, ICAD. The integration of setup planning and fixture design is achieved through conceptual fixture design which includes two stages: the pre–setup and post–setup conceptual design. In the pre–setup stage, the system takes feature–based part models as input and generates feasible fixturing features for each possible setup based on static constraints only. This information is then used by a setup planning system developed separately. Post–setup conceptual fixture design takes place when the setup plan is available. For each setup with its intermediate workpiece state, the surface candidates for each fixturing datum are identified and ranked according to various geometric and technological constraints. The best ranked surface for each fixturing datum is selected. The system then performs layout design by generating all the supporting, locating and clamping points for each setup, taking into account various constraints including part geometry, stability, modular fixture elements, and interference. The series of setups are simulated graphically on the computer screen. Output from this system can be used for detailed fixture design. In this paper, the development of the system is described in detail and a case study is presented to highlight its performance.