Source Intelligence Research Articles

The Role of Maritime Intelligence Agency in Fostering the Basics of National Maritime Resilience in Indonesia

Excellent relations between the coordinator Ministry for maritime affairs and Investment as users with all stakeholders in the maritime domain as a collector of maritime intelligence data must be established so that users or decision-makers could make the right decisions promptly. Qualitative research is then conducted to find out what hindrances can impede the smooth supply of maritime intelligence data from collector to user and to look into requirements to produce good quality intelligence data for users. The research's data are obtained through library research and then analyzed through the data collection phase, data condensation phase, and data display phase. Finally, it ended by concluding that it is timely for the Indonesian government to create a maritime intelligence agency by grouping intelligence personnel from each maritime stakeholder, which performs maritime intelligence data gathering separately. The next new agency would serve as the only government body to supply maritime intelligence data for users. By doing so, sectoral ego and other hindrances, which often impede unity in serving the country, would be abolished. Additionally, maritime intelligence data sent to users must reflect the truth on the ground from several reliable intelligence sources.

The Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI)

This paper reports the results from a student-led Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), also known as technosignatures, targeting the plane of the Milky Way as a part of the Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) collaboration between the Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Students associated with LCER submit analytic reports of spectral data targeting specific regions of the Milky Way, identifying interference, noise, and Candidate signals potentially originating from intelligent sources. GAVRT-SETI's search is guided by the assumption that a narrow-band radio signal (<1.5 Hz) from a fixed location in the sky, occurring across multiple observation periods, is unlikely to be caused by instrument noise or by a natural source. Thus, we searched the reported data for similar signals occurring during different observation periods within the same region of sky. No such signals were found. However, our analysis of the frequency distribution of Candidates suggests that at least a few percent of the Candidates are associated with low-level radio-frequency interference.

Private practice dietetics workforce: A review of the literature

Private practice is the fastest growing employment sector for dietitians in Australia, including for new graduates(1). There is an anecdotal concern that current graduate cohorts are not adequately prepared for private practice. The present study aims to assess the existing literature relevant to workforce development specific to private practice dietetics, including areas such as workforce size, distribution, competency, practices and global challenges. The secondary aim is to identify gaps in the literature to inform future priority areas and to inform private practice dietetics workforce development research. Five databases were systematically searched from inception to August 2023 and grey-literature was searched using the Google search engine using key search terms to identify studies for inclusion. Of the 2361 peer-reviewed publications and 1800 grey literature, eighty were included. Directed content analysis and qualitative constant comparison technique were used to deductively extract data from eligible private practice literature. Intelligence sources covering the following themes proved to be limited: workforce size, distribution, attributes, demography, supply/preparation, competencies, continued professional development and challenges. However, clear structural issues present workforce challenges for private practice dietitians. There is an overwhelming paucity of comprehensive literature on the private practice dietetics workforce across the world. Private practice dietetics workforce development research is warranted to address current research gaps in a coordinated, collaborative approach to ensure this rapidly expanding workforce is well supported.

Public anticipations of self-driving vehicles in the UK and US

Developers of self-driving vehicles (SDVs) work with a particular idea of a possible and desirable future. Members of the public may not share the assumptions on which this is based. In this paper we analyse free-text responses from surveys of UK (n = 4,860) and US (n = 1,890) publics, which ask respondents what springs to mind when they think of SDVs, and why they should or should not be developed. Responses (averaging a total 27 words per participant) tend to foreground safety hopes and, more regularly, concerns. Many respondents present alternative representations of relationships between the technology, other road users and the future. Rather than accepting a dominant approach to public engagement, which seeks to educate members of the public away from these views, we instead propose that these views should be seen as a source of social intelligence, with potential constructive contributions to building better transport systems. Anticipatory governance, if it is to be inclusive, should seek to understand and integrate public views rather than reject them as irrational or mutable.

Applying complex adaptive systems research results to combat simulations of the generation-after-next

Combat has seen fundamental changes over the past century—with new domains of warfighting (e.g., cyber, space); the introduction of nuclear and precision weapons; ubiquitous, all source intelligence; mixes of national, coalition, and private forces operating; and numerous other examples. Over this same period, combat simulations, and the attendant training, experimentation, and analyses they support, have increased in scale, scope, and resolution. But with respect to their fundamental effectiveness, have they substantively moved beyond the foundation created by Lanchester in the early 20th century? Differential equations of mean field approximations have been complemented by discrete-event simulations at many scales; however, the underlying conceptual framework of force-on-force conflict and tightly constrained, potentially fragile, service-specific command and control remains. In this position paper, we argue that new conceptualizations, better aligned with the modern warfighting landscape, are needed across all applications of military modeling. We examine the potential role of complex adaptive systems in this endeavor.

Epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A(H5N6) virus, China and Laos: A multiple case descriptive analysis, February 2014-June 2023.

The first human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) virus was reported in 2014. From then until June 30, 2023, 85 human cases with confirmed A(H5N6) infection have been reported worldwide. To address the present gap in knowledge of the overall epidemiology of human A(H5N6) infections, the epidemiological characteristics of human infection with A(H5N6) in China from February 2014 to June 2023 are described. Considering the severity of human infections with A(H5N6) virus (case fatality rate: 39%), the increased frequency of case reports from 2021 to present day, and lack of comprehensive epidemiologic analysis of all cases, we conducted a multiple-case descriptive analysis and a literature review to create an epidemiologic profile of reported human cases. Case data was obtained via a literature search and using official intelligence sources captured by the Public Health Agency of Canada's International Monitoring and Assessment Tool (IMAT), including Event Information Site posts from the World Health Organization. Most human A(H5N6) cases have been reported from China (China: 84; Laos: 1), with severe health outcomes, including hospitalization and death, reported among at-risk populations. The majority (84%) of cases reported contact with birds prior to illness onset. Cases were detected throughout the course of the year, with a slight decrease in illness incidence in the warmer months. As A(H5N6) continues to circulate and cause severe illness, surveillance and prompt information sharing is important for creating and implementing effective public health measures to reduce the likelihood of additional human infections.

Dietary zinc supplements: beneficial health effects and application in food, medicine and animals.

Zinc, a crucial trace element is vital for the growth and development of humans. It is frequently described as 'the flower of life' and 'the source of intelligence'. Zinc supplements play a pivotal role in addressing zinc deficiency by serving as a vital source of this essential micronutrients, effectively replenishing depleted zinc levels in the body.In this paper, we first described the biological behavior of zinc in the human body and briefly described the physiological phenomena associated with zinc levels. The benefits and drawbacks of various zinc supplement forms are then discussed, with emphasis on the most recent zinc supplement formulations. Finally, the application of zinc supplements in food, medicine, and animal husbandry is further summarized. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Developing a narrative theory of deception for the analysis of mock-Covert Human Intelligence Source (CHIS) accounts

Human source intelligence (HUMINT) practitioners are concerned with detecting informant deception, and previous research indicates that the verbal content of an informant’s narrative can be used to identify potential deceit. The current study extends previous research by analysing the narrative structure and narrative identity of accounts provided by 22 participants undertaking the role of a mock-informant. Results indicate that deception affects the structure of a mock-informant narrative, with deceptive mock-informants employing abstract introductions and evaluative remarks to withhold information and to distract their listeners with emotional content. Additionally, deceptive mock-informants are more likely to express a low potency narrative role, such as a victim or tragic hero. Furthermore, there is tentative evidence to suggest that an analysis of narrative identity can also provide an indication of varying levels of motivation and cooperation among truthful mock-informants. These findings have implications for HUMINT practitioners in the field and add to the wider body of deception detection research.

Unmasking the impact: how did the coronavirus pandemic affect police intelligence in the United Kingdom?

ABSTRACT At present, there is no research available that has explored how the coronavirus pandemic affected intelligence work. Understanding this is vital as any factor that may increase the likelihood of intelligence gaps is worthy of examination because they are frequently identified as a major causal factor of the more harmful issue of intelligence failures within law enforcement. Recent research (Marani, et al, 2021) states that despite the pandemic abating, the risk of further global incidents remains. Therefore, lessons need to be identified to reduce potential gaps and failures occurring during future pandemics. We seek to achieve this by asking how Covid-19 affected intelligence work within UK policing by interviewing fifteen intelligence personnel from one police service. Using a framework from the practice of knowledge management (KM) we analyze how the pandemic affected the processes, technology, individual and organisational willingness to share intelligence, workloads, location, and structure of intelligence delivery (Abrahamson and Goodman-Delaunty, 2014). Findings indicate that all were negatively impacted by changes in working priorities, increased demand on analysts, and the ability of the police to gather intelligence from covert human intelligence sources and partner agencies. Such implications are discussed in the context of wider intelligence literature and future preparedness.

An exploratory study into cell approaches for intelligence collection from detainees within an English Police Custody Suite

Abstract The value of intelligence gathered from cell approaches in police custody suites remains largely unexplored, presenting a crucial area for research. This study explores the collection of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) and the generation of Source (Covert Human Intelligence Source, CHIS) referrals during cell approaches. Data was collected from 102 cell approaches by which 54 were undertaken by dedicated intelligence officers and 48 by detectives in a police custody suite in England over a 3-month period. Results revealed that detectives, when tasked, were significantly more successful than dedicated intelligence officers in securing intelligence during cell approaches and to make source (CHIS) referrals. A detainee’s willingness to engage was associated with intelligence provision, with revenge and lifestyle as key motivating factors. Detainees were significantly more likely to provide intelligence post-charge rather than pre-charge, though the time of day and detainee age showed no significant correlations with intelligence gathering. This study discussed the importance of optimizing intelligence collection and source referrals during cell approaches.

Значение оперативно-розыскных способов выявления коррупционных преступлений в сфере госзакупок

Introduction: Economic development of the country, its security, implementation of national programmes are ensured by the state and municipal orders. Transactions involving the expenditure of significant amounts of budget funds in the sphere of public procurement constitute favourable conditions for the commitment of various corruption offences. Thus, the state takes control over them and, if necessary, take measures to suppress such crimes. Criminals use a wide range of methods. They formally comply with the rules and procedure of tendering to achieve self-interested personal goals. Identification of such dishonest customers can be done by means of control measures, both public (in the form of scheduled and unscheduled checks) and covert.&#x0D; Methods. Public control in the public procurement sphere is not enough to protect the economic interests of the country. Law enforcement intelligence, utilizing covert human intelligence sources, provides timely and efficient acquisition and the use of information being necessary to prevent, suppress and solve non-obvious, latent and covert corruption offences. The use of covert law enforcement intelligence against unlawful acts in the system of the state and municipal procurement appears to be crucial for the proper functioning of this system.&#x0D; Results. The present-day practice reveals that in order to effectively tackle corruption in public procurement, it is necessary to use a comprehensive approach involving the application of administrative legal measures and law enforcement intelligence.

Intelligence liaison in practice; service attachés in the Swedish Legation in London 1939-45

ABSTRACT During the Second World War, Britain was regarded by neutral Sweden as an important source of intelligence. Swedish service attachés were posted to London to use their diplomatic and service status to collect and report relevant intelligence to Swedish High Command in Stockholm for assessment and circulation. Their collection techniques in Britain meet Wilhelm Agrell’s definition of intelligence liaison and this paper describes how they were able to deliver significant results under difficult conditions. At times, they had to contend with a hostile and restrictive host country, communication difficulties (in every sense) with Stockholm and unappreciative diplomats and senior officers. Their efforts have gone largely un-noticed in Swedish Second World War historiography, and readers may be surprised to learn of the results that they achieved and the difficulties that they faced.

Wartime intelligence experience in the works of Barbara Pym and Muriel Spark

ABSTRACT This paper looks at the possibilities of fiction in understanding intelligence, taking two female 20th century writers as case studies, Barbara Pym, and Muriel Spark. It considers how they did or did not draw on their wartime experience in their fiction. It asks why fiction still matters in an era of ever-more accessible archives and public records. It concludes that authorial choice, self-censorship, redacting and editing by others suppressed Barbara Pym’s official wartime experience as an Examiner or censor. It suggests that the role was undervalued both at the time and subsequently as a source of intelligence. The paper concludes that Muriel Spark exploited to the full a short exposure to black propaganda, highlighting how three of her works of fiction offer readers insights into ethical questions of deception, manipulation, and surveillance.

Evaluating the Usability and Functionality of Intelligent Source Code Completion Assistants: A Comprehensive Review

As artificial intelligence advances, source code completion assistants are becoming more advanced and powerful. Existing traditional assistants are no longer up to all the developers’ challenges. Traditional assistants usually present proposals in alphabetically sorted lists, which does not make a developer’s tasks any easier (i.e., they still have to search and filter an appropriate proposal manually). As a possible solution to the presented issue, intelligent assistants that can classify suggestions according to relevance in particular contexts have emerged. Artificial intelligence methods have proven to be successful in solving such problems. Advanced intelligent assistants not only take into account the context of a particular source code but also, more importantly, examine other available projects in detail to extract possible patterns related to particular source code intentions. This is how intelligent assistants try to provide developers with relevant suggestions. By conducting a systematic literature review, we examined the current intelligent assistant landscape. Based on our review, we tested four intelligent assistants and compared them according to their functionality. GitHub Copilot, which stood out, allows suggestions in the form of complete source code sections. One would expect that intelligent assistants, with their outstanding functionalities, would be one of the most popular helpers in a developer’s toolbox. However, through a survey we conducted among practitioners, the results, surprisingly, contradicted this idea. Although intelligent assistants promise high usability, our questionnaires indicate that usability improvements are still needed. However, our research data show that experienced developers value intelligent assistants highly, highlighting their significant utility for the experienced developers group when compared to less experienced individuals. The unexpectedly low net promoter score (NPS) for intelligent code assistants in our study was quite surprising, highlighting a stark contrast between the anticipated impact of these advanced tools and their actual reception among developers.

Comparison of Data Fluctuations that Lead to Cyber Security Attacks: A Difference between Surface, Deep and Dark Net

The term "darknet" refers to the address space on the internet that is not being used, and users do not anticipate that this area will interact with their machines. Darknet is a source of cyber intelligence. In order to develop network security, it is necessary to conduct studies of the many dangers that comprise the network. In this research, we offer brand new machine learning classifiers that go by the name stacking ensemble learning. Their purpose is to evaluate and categorize darknet traffic. This novel approach employs predictions created by three different base learning techniques in order to deal with the issues relating to darknet attacks. The software was validated using a dataset that had more than 141,000 records and was derived from the CIC-Darknet 2020 database. The findings of the experiment indicated that the classifiers used in the investigation were able to easily differentiate between benign and malignant traffic. The classifiers have the ability to efficiently recognize known as well as unknown threats with a high degree of precision and accuracy that is greater than 99% in the training and 97% in the testing phases, with increments ranging from 4 to 64% based on the algorithms that are currently in use. As a consequence of this, the suggested system will become more reliable and accurate as more data is collected. Additionally, in comparison to other AI algorithms already available, the suggested system has the lowest standard deviation.

Using shared experiences to recruit committed human intelligence sources: Exploring the shared attention mechanism and the role of social connection

AbstractObjectivesWe examined the possibility of using shared experiences to recruit human intelligence (HUMINT) sources. The research was based on two hypotheses. (a) Shared experiences amplify interpersonal affiliation, which increases the extent to which sources will commit to an intelligence arrangement. (b) The social connection opportunity shared experiences afford is what increases such commitment.MethodsParticipants assumed the role of a source meeting a potential handler, a police officer, to discuss an arrangement whereby they might supply intelligence. We manipulated shared experience via the meeting's setting. Half of the participants underwent a shared experience to facilitate interpersonal affiliation with the handler, and the other half did not undergo such an experience. The handler used one of two approaches to propose the arrangement. One approach afforded a social connection opportunity, and the other constrained the possibility of a social connection in the arrangement.ResultsThe findings indicated that shared experiences can have interpersonal influence. The shared experience operationalization positively influenced felt closeness and social connection affordance. However, there was little indication that handlers could capitalize on shared experience to bolster commitment.

Travel intelligence as a tool for counterintelligence and border security

Counterintelligence and border security are two cornerstones of national security protection processes. They utilise intelligence sources and procedures extensively to assist in decision-making regarding countermeasures against high-degree threats and risks. Both employ intelligence cycle activities and risk analysis models to combine information coming from the operational environment. At the same time, travel intelligence (TRAVINT) consists of the intelligence product arising from the collection and analysis of a wide range of travel companies and data and information from governments. In the modern and increasingly globalised security environment, TRAVINT products constitute growing trend for protecting state border, intelligence, and internal security. The paper aims to explore the potential of leveraging TRAVINT for enhancing counterintelligence efforts and bolstering border security measures. The research methodology combines empirical analysis with a comprehensive review of the US and EU public documents and academic papers. This study is necessary, as it is essential to examine the worthiness of TRAVINT as an emerging intelligence sector. TRAVINT appears to be an extremely important data, information, and intelligence source offering the required material input to law, security, and intelligence enforcement agencies for analysis. TRAVINT and its parts, such as passenger name records (PNR) data, are used in compliance with state legislation in respect of human rights and in accordance with the needs of Intelligence networks, where excessive threats to internal and border security are implied.

Artificial Intelligence: An Overview of Dental Applications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising modality and could be anticipated to shape the future of dental health caredelivery. Artificial intelligence is the solution that assists doctors rather than replaces them, and hence is more likely to be accepted byhealthcare professionals. Artificial Intelligence has several clinical applications and has encompassed almost all the specialties of the dentalfield. Common dental diseases such as dental caries, pulpal pathologies, bone loss, cysts, salivary gland disease, lymph node metastasis, etc.,are easily diagnosed and well treated with the help of AI and robotics. AI and Machine learning has made an excellent and impactful way ofchanging dentistry. In dentistry, AI helps predict the future of disease, that is, prognosis and treatment planning. Additionally, it will opennew avenues in research and development. Since the last few centuries, AI has shown significant growth and progress in digital technology.The applications of AI have been tremendously increased in terms of data sciences, robotic field machine intelligence and deep learning,and computer sciences. Now a day's, expert human minds get replaced by computer data, or the mind gets filled with robotic fields. Whentalking in the field of medicine and dentistry has various numbers of applications that improve the outcomes of the patient. In dentistry, AIhas played a major role in diagnosis, identifying abnormal and normal structures, and resulting in the best treatment output. This reviewgives light on the importance of the robotic field in dentistry. This review covers a combination of all aspects of artificial intelligence indentistry that should have been included in some articles. Most of the review studies focus on intelligence networks and the applications ofartificial intelligence in dentistry. The article concludes that the implementation of sources of artificial intelligence in dentistry as well as inmedical sciences with more precise results and minimum amount of error.

Attack Hypotheses Generation Based on Threat Intelligence Knowledge Graph

Cyber threat intelligence on past attacks may help with attack reconstruction and the prediction of the course of an ongoing attack by providing deeper understanding of the tools and attack patterns used by attackers. Therefore, cyber security analysts employ threat intelligence, alert correlations, machine learning, and advanced visualizations in order to produce sound attack hypotheses. In this paper, we present AttackDB, a multi-level threat knowledge base that combines data from multiple threat intelligence sources to associate high-level ATT&CK techniques with low-level telemetry found in behavioral malware reports. We also present the Attack Hypothesis Generator which relies on knowledge graph traversal algorithms and a variety of link prediction methods to automatically infer ATT&CK techniques from a set of observable artifacts. Results of experiments performed with 53K VirusTotal reports indicate that the proposed algorithms employed by the Attack Hypothesis Generator are able to produce accurate adversarial technique hypotheses with a mean average precision greater than 0.5 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of over 0.8 when it is implemented on the basis of AttackDB. The presented toolkit will help analysts to improve the accuracy of attack hypotheses and to automate the attack hypothesis generation process.

Implementasi SPK Karyawan Terbaik Metode A-Hirarki Proses dan S-Additive Weighting

PT. Puncak Menara Hijau Mas Kotabumi is an industrial company engaged in the wood processing business. This company processes wood into 4 kinds of materials which are ready to be supplied to Java Island and some are exported to Japan. The 4 types of processed wood produced are Sawntimber ex KD, S4S (4-sided shaved), Plywood and Furniture. In order to increase the quality of decisions, decision support systems combine various intelligence sources. We use 2 methods, namely AHP and SAW, weight Criteria1 16%, Criteria 2 33%, Criteria 3 13%, Criteria 4 11%, Criteria 5 6%,, Criteria 6 17%, Criteria 7 4% The final result of the employee who is given the best predicate is Alternative 47 with a rank of 2,049 . So that the employee is entitled to get a prize/bonus as the best employee