Intellectual Property Awareness Research Articles

Intellectual property and exit strategies among SMEs: A scoping review and framework

While studies have focused on the role of intellectual property (IP) strategies for growth at the macro and micro levels, there remains a notable gap in comprehensively understanding the nexus between IP and exit strategies. This scoping review examines the link between firms' IP and exit strategies. It takes a particular interest in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on mergers and acquisitions. This study synthesizes the literature on the role that IP strategies play in smaller firms' exit strategies and the distinctive challenges they face, proposing a comprehensive framework for understanding these dynamics. It further highlights a persistent gap in the literature on the influence of IP awareness on SMEs' exit strategies. Using established data sources and multiple filter procedures, the search yielded 87 relevant articles. Only a few studies examine the roles of IP awareness and IP strategy within business strategies. Studies explicitly researching the influence of IP strategies on exit strategies remain particularly scarce. The findings underscore the importance of integrating IP awareness and IP strategy more thoroughly into management theory and practice to enhance SMEs’ competitive advantage and facilitate successful exits.

A Systematic Review of Literature on Intellectual Property and the Creative Industry in Africa Using Scopus

The shift of the world to a knowledge economy, mainly driven by Intellectual Property (IP), calls for research dissemination through scholarly publishing to promote the protection and commercialisation of IP. In Africa, innovations such as mobile payment systems, drones, and development in the fields of renewable energy, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence have become key drivers of economic growth and development. However, many African countries have yet to know and appreciate the value of IP to their economies. The benefits of IP may be fully realised through proper awareness and understanding of IP using scholarly publications. The study sought to examine the published documents that focus on IP and the creative industry in Africa in order to create awareness and understanding of the breadth and scope of IP and IPRs. Content analysis was conducted on Scopus using descriptive informetrics. The Scopus database was used to ascertain the published documents that focus on IP and the creative industry in Africa. The researcher used the search string TITLE, ABSTRACT, KEYWORD and also applied Scopus “Analyse Search Results”, which facilitated in-depth analysis of the documents according to the key indicators (the year of publication, territory or country, source, author, institute/ affiliation, types of document, subject areas and sponsors). The analysis revealed that there were very few documents published each year on IP and the creative industry published in Africa. Although documents on IP and the creative industry in Africa were published through three document types, there was a diversity of the subject areas in which research on IP and the creative industry in Africa was found. Of the available research, most authors were affiliated with institutions in Africa, but only one of the journals belonged to an African country, and of all the sponsors, only four belonged to an African country. There was very little research on IP and the creative industry published in Africa, although IP is applicable to different disciplines. Africa needs to improve its science and technology capacity, research facilities and funding, and understanding and awareness of IP. Scholarly publishing on IP and the creative industries would be more pronounced if supported by local sponsors and journals instead of relying on scholars and institutions affiliated with countries outside Africa.

The Application of the Principle of Good Faith in Intellectual Property Activities

The principle of good faith is the cornerstone of the intellectual property legal framework, playing a crucial role in upholding legal justice and incentivizing innovation. This study reveals the logical connection between this principle and the protection of intellectual property rights, and proposes specific strategies for strengthening its practical application. The revision of the “Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law” has reinforced the principle of good faith, which has a profound impact on improving the quality of intellectual property rights and promoting economic and social development. Faced with the challenges of emerging technologies, the existing legal framework needs to be further refined to meet the new demands of technological advancement. Additionally, it is proposed that public education on intellectual property awareness should be strengthened, the rights of small and medium-sized enterprises should be protected, the reasonable use of intellectual property should be promoted, and a solid legal foundation should be provided for the construction of an innovative country.

FOSTERING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AWARENESS IN ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The importance of Intellectual Property (IP) in academic entrepreneurship, emphasises a need for specialised knowledge of IP law in university Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), and general awareness of IP rules amongst university researchers, research assistants, and other university personnel. This helps not only in preventing the inadvertent loss of valuable IP, but also the infringement of IP owned by other parties, which could result in costly law suits. Equally, knowledge of IP law is indispensable to the effective negotiation of licences, and the drafting of contracts that cater for the interests of both universities and industry. The objective of this article is, accordingly, to provide academic entrepreneurs with insights into IP regimes. This should help them in identifying valuable IP, and in ensuring that protection is not compromised. It will also help in determining the modes of protection suitable for particular forms of IP, how to manage acquired rights, and tackle infringements. In the following sections, we discuss these issues from the perspectives of several jurisdictions. Traversing our discussion is an examination of university IP policies, and relevant case law, which should enhance understanding. The last segment of the article concludes and reiterates the importance of IP awareness in academic entrepreneurship. Therefore, this article aims at fostering awareness of IP regimes amongst academic entrepreneurs.

A Probe into the Cultivation Strategy of Intellectual Property Awareness among Applied-Oriented University Students

A Probe into the Cultivation Strategy of Intellectual Property Awareness among Applied-Oriented University Students

Intellectual property and quality of education: Exploring the academic integrity among medical students

This article offers an innovative course for building and improving knowledge on plagiarism. The tasks were as follows: (1) analyze existing knowledge about intellectual property and plagiarism among medical students before and after taking the special course; (2) examine the causes affecting students’ intellectual property infringement. To assess the awareness of academic integrity and plagiarism among medical students, the author’s questionnaire was used. The sample consisted of 658 students who were divided into two groups. The mean age was 22.41 ± 0.63 years (group 1) and 26.31 ± 0.83 years (group 2). In order to raise awareness of intellectual property and plagiarism, Intellectual Property in Medicine course was offered. The level of duplicate publication and compilation fell. The number of students who believe plagiarism is a moral issue increased. Plagiarism is mostly caused by: Large scale digitization; lack of special knowledge; the status value of academic titles; and low pay. The research findings make it possible to integrate courses on intellectual property and plagiarism into higher education, which will improve knowledge and high quality of education. There are also plans to introduce an online course in The Unified Anti-Plagiarism Principles in Higher Education for university students to improve knowledge and skills in dealing with aspects of plagiarism.

The EAES intellectual property awareness survey.

IntroductionThe protection of intellectual property (IP) is one of the fundamental elements in the process of medical device development. The significance of IP, however, is not well understood among clinicians and researchers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current status of IP awareness and IP-related behaviors among EAES members.MethodsA web-based survey was conducted via questionnaires sent to EAES members. Data collected included participant demographics, level of understanding the need, new ideas and solutions, basic IP knowledge, e.g., employees' inventions and public disclosure, behaviors before and after idea disclosures.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-nine completed forms were obtained through an email campaign conducted twice in 2019 (response rate = 4.8%). There was a dominancy in male, formally-trained gastrointestinal surgeons, working at teaching hospitals in European countries. Of the respondents, 71% demonstrated a high level of understanding the needs (frustration with current medical devices), with 66% developing specific solutions by themselves. Active discussion with others was done by 53%. Twenty-one percent of respondents presented their ideas at medical congresses, and 12% published in scientific journals. Only 20% took specific precautions or appropriate actions to protect their IPs before these disclosures.ConclusionsThe current level of awareness of IP and IP-related issues is relatively low among EAES members. A structured IP training program to gain basic IP knowledge and skill should be considered a necessity for clinicians. These skills would serve to prevent the loss of legitimate IP rights and avoid failure in the clinical implementation of innovative devices for the benefit of patients.

Peningkatan Kesadaran Terhadap Hak Cipta Bagi Guru-Guru SMPN 77 Jakarta

With the condition of the teachers of SMP N 77 Jakarta, they have never received legal counseling on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) especially Copyright. Knowledge enhancement is expected to motivate teachers to build their self-awareness on IPR to improve competence and ultimately to improve their performance. The solution offered is to provide counseling and training. The method of implementing the applied activities is lecture, discussion and training, with priority on the active participation of teachers. Based on the results of community service, it can be concluded: 1) legal counseling on IPR especially copyright is able to foster awareness of intellectual property so that it is expected to motivate teachers to build awareness of themselves in terms of IPR especially copyright; 2) supporting factors, namely the high desire of teachers to increase intellectual property knowledge, especially copyright.

Exploration of Intellectual Property Protection Strategies for Cross-border E-commerce

Abstract— The continued advancement of the “One Belt, One Road” strategy, coupling with the rapid development of the Internet, has provided a convenient online platform for cross-border e-commerce enterprises. China’s cross-border e-commerce enterprises have made unprecedented progress. However, at the same time, the problem of intellectual property infringement in cross-border e-commerce has become increasingly prominent, seriously restricting the development of China’s cross-border e-commerce enterprises. On the basis of analyzing the intellectual property strategy of enterprises. This paper describes the necessity of creating an intellectual property strategy for cross-border e-commerce enterprises, and proposes strategies for building relevant intellectual property strategies aimed at the weak awareness of intellectual property and the copycatting of enterprise products, which are common in the operation of cross-border e-commerce enterprises in China.

Cultivating Intellectual Property Education in the Electronics Engineering Curriculum: A Case Study in Integrated Circuit Design

A survey on engineering students' attitude toward intellectual property (IP) education has been conducted in several China's universities, revealing the need for more effective teaching and learning methods. To improve the students' IP awareness and the capability of innovative learning, a small module of patent and circuit design case study has been included in an engineering course, namely, radio-frequency integrated circuit (IC) design, which is offered to senior undergraduate or postgraduate students in a top engineering university in China. Along with the instruction of the RFIC design techniques, the concepts of the IP for the ICs are presented, followed by the analysis of innovative circuits to explore potential legal issues. The feedback of the students suggests that the curriculum is considerably helpful to enrich the knowledge of engineering students in both the design technique and IP awareness.

Taking Intellectual Property Rights Seriously: Are We In or Out? (Phase 1: Intellectual Property Awareness Among Students and Faculty: Tracking Changing Attitudes and Awareness)

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Intellectual Property Management and Monitoring Framework for University Innovation Centre

Research outcome that are scattered in faculties can be efficiently managed using an intellectual property (IP) management system. In relation to the need to improve management and monitoring process of IP, solutions such as identification of IP application processes and procedures, manual disposal practices and suitability of using information technology (IT) is proposed. This study aims to design and validate the IP management and monitoring framework that could be used as a guideline for the effective management of IP. This framework is designed to be adapted to the environment of university innovation centers entrusted with managing National University of Malaysia’s intellectual property rights. The framework development involves three phases. The first and second phase includes information gathering on the needs and problems of managing and monitoring existing IP processes through literature review and case study on the National University of Malaysia’s Innovation Centre. The third phase involves the design and construction of the system framework that encourages the development of an IP management and monitoring prototype system. The IP management and monitoring system has three main components which includes awareness of IP, IP mining and IP scanning. The system is designed to improve the process of identifying and evaluating potential IP with increased efficiency in record keeping and accelerating the process of maintaining a large amount of research information. The prototype system framework is further verified by the university innovation center’s executive using think aloud method. Qualitative data analysis results indicates that the IP management and monitoring prototype system provides significant improvement in resolving existing IP management issues and user productivity. The framework is designed to allow information related to the IP to be acquired, stored, managed and used effectively based on the concept of intellectual property management.

Intellectual property education exemplified by the patents on the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

With the accelerated globalization of the world economies, the role of intellectual property in the the competition is increasingly important. The universities are important base to instill the intellectual property awareness to the young generation. However, current model of intellectual property education cannot meet the needs of undergraduates. In this paper, we take the first patent issued for CRISPR/Cas9 system as a teaching example, and together with personal teaching experience in biomedicine related intellectual property, we propose a new way for intellectual property education which consists of two stages: enlightenment stage and in-depth training stage. In the former stage, we integrate the intellectual property education with the basic major courses. In the latter stage, students are encouraged to devote into intellectual property related career. This model can somehow solve the the current shortage of qualified teachers for biotechnology related intellectual property education and will facilitate the popularization of intellectual property in college students. Since genetics plays a pivotal role in biomedicine, this effort is illustrated by the novel genome editing technology based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which is one hotspot of recent studies. The trajectory of CRISPR/Cas9 from basic microbial genetics discovery to major tools for genome editing exeplified the essence of biomedicine related intellectual property education.

Law for engineering undergraduates on accredited courses

To achieve economies of scale, engineering departments in UK universities may choose to develop common modules. Law is a candidate for such shared delivery. However, professional institution accreditation for undergraduate degree programmes is important. Therefore engineering professional institutions' accreditation documentation was analysed and the relevant law requirements were extracted and summarised. The accreditation role of the Engineering Council and Joint Board of Moderators is explained. In addition, in recognition of the close relationship between civil engineering and construction the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and Chartered Institute of Building's requirements were scrutinised. This paper then critiques the engineering and construction professional institutions' law requirements. Some overlap between the legal topics required by engineering and construction professional institutions is identified; for example, the legal framework, contract, environmental and health and safety law. They differ in that engineering bodies additionally require intellectual property awareness and construction institutions include dispute resolution and land law. It can be argued that both professional bodies should recognise the importance of European law. Who was consulted about the content and who could teach law to engineering and construction undergraduates is questioned. There is some commonality between the requirements of the engineering and construction professional institutions facilitating the delivery of shared law modules.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) FOR FUTURE ENGINEERS

The Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) is an agency of Industry Canada responsible for the administration and processing of the greater part of intellectual property (IP) in Canada. For example, during the last fiscal year, CIPO processed approximately 100,000 patents, trade-marks, copyrights and industrial designs applications. CIPO also plays a key role in supporting Canada’s innovation performance by delivering quality and timely intellectual property rights within a modern and competitive system. CIPO strives to increase Canada’s opportunities for innovation by promoting and disseminating IP rights and information to Canadian entrepreneurs, researchers and post-secondary students.In connection with the CEEA/ACEG Conference goals to enhance the competence of graduates from Canadian engineering schools through continuous improvement in engineering education and design education, CIPO has prepared a presentation to delegates on the subject of IP and the use of IP Case Studies as a means to raise the awareness of IP amongst engineering students. During this presentation, participants will leave with a better understanding of IP and will have the opportunity to exchange on the subject; as well as understand which teaching tools are available to assist engineering faculty in introducing IP in their classrooms.

Intellectual property awareness

Intellectual property (IP) systems depend on awareness of intellectual property yet study and measurement of this has hitherto been neglected. Components of and measures for IP awareness are discussed and studied using a large scale survey of UK industry. This addressed three main issues of: 1 IP knowledge and understanding 2 IP management practises 3 awareness and use of IP information and advice. IP awareness scales were constructed using both classical measurement theory and Rasch model scales. The survey showed that larger companies are more IP aware whilst SMEs and the mass of micro-enterprises are often effectively unaware of the IP system. The findings showed the importance of promoting IP awareness not just to firms but also within firms and that promoting IP awareness to smaller companies is vital to the system’s success.

Property Values

This article focuses on the importance of intellectual property (IP) in startup companies to attract investment. Various examples of startup companies dealing with medical devices were also discussed. Much of a medical device startup’s assets, however, lie in ideas or concepts it hopes to develop into a commercial product. Patent protection often is considered a critical component of corporate transactions involving medical technologies because it can protect the significant upfront investments required for R'D and regulatory activities. Investors evaluating the IP of a target medical device company are attracted to a demonstrated awareness of IP and to a clean house as it relates to administrative issues potentially affecting the company’s intellectual property. A target company also may make investment more attractive by minimizing or eliminating contractual restrictions on the transfer of its IP. A startup company seeking its portion of investment dollars must pay attention to its IP: it must ensure that its technology is freely marketable without infringing third-party rights and that its IP portfolio is free of encumbrances and has the necessary protection.

Balanced score card implementation for IP rights management in a public research institution

PurposeThere is a growing awareness of intellectual property (IP) rights in European public research institutes. Since 2008 a non‐binding recommendation of the European Commission has been, in effect, proposing a consistent policy for IP in research and development (R&D). While there is a broad consensus on the overall goal – achieving a higher competitiveness of European industry in the international market place – there are, however, conflicting expectations on the micro‐management: are technology transfer agencies to be considered as profit‐centers, cost‐centers, mediators or all of the above? This paper seeks to provide an answerDesign/methodology/approachThe Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is the national metrology institute of Germany with 1,900 employees and an annual budget of €145 million. It has established a micro‐management policy for IP rights, which is successfully fostering the development of modern instrumentation for metrology and may serve as an example for other public institutions as well. While it is obliged by law to operate as a regular market participant when licensing patents, there are additional conditions, some with the status of a law or a binding government decision as well.FindingsThe BSC approach, implemented at PTB, provides guidelines to reconcile seemingly conflicting requirements for a public entity while at the same time generating economic benefits in terms of additional income from licensing. In the authors' opinion this approach keeps costs at a reasonable level, fosters inventors' motivation and furnishes data for decisions for the technology transfer office as well as for the leadership of the institution.Originality/valueTo manage this conflict of goals the authors developed and implemented a balanced score card (BSC) system for IP management in order to optimize licensing income generation, cut costs, keep the inventor's motivation high and simultaneously realize macro‐economic technology transfer tasks. The BSC was originally introduced for the private sector by Norton and Kaplan in 1992, in response to a failure of purely monitoring financial indicators. The balanced score card considers economic and non‐economic factors, often denoted as “soft”. It is balanced with respect to result‐oriented indicators, like licensing income, and with respect to process‐oriented indicators, like the acceptance rate of inventions for patenting. And it tries to deduce from a trend of an indicator in the past a prediction of future development, associated with recommendations for actions to influence the ongoing process. The paper discusses the issues.

Intellectual Property Crime: The Urgent Need for Global Attention

In the last couple of months I have spent considerable time with police officials in India. I am worried, very worried about the conversations I have had with them which were largely centred around the state of the informal economy, in which Intellectual Property (IP) crime plays a huge part. The most unsettling linkage is the one between the proceeds of IP crimes and terrorist activities. A senior police officer with whom I have had extensive discussions on the subject acknowledged some recent reports that many terrorist organisations now source their funding through IP crimes. According to him the terrorist outfits or organised criminal networks do not operate in a vacuum but very much in the real world. They need an interface with real commerce in order to fund their nefarious activities. These organisations are becoming increasingly sophisticated and are beginning to control the majority of IP crimes that are taking place, particularly in developing countries. The officer claims that in his state alone (India has 28 states) rampant music piracy results in a massive loss to the economy. He estimates that the size of the informal music sector is at least 12 times the size of legitimate industry. He does not stop there and quotes many more examples from fake designer goods to more serious instances, such as counterfeit drugs, food products and adulterated petrol, which have major health and safety implications. This analysis of the situation in India also applies to other high-growth countries as well as some Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Most global surveys however frequently cite the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) nations as the worst IP offenders. The BRIC economies are playing a major role in global economic growth and weak IP regimes in these countries are a cause of major concern for companies that sell products into these markets.

Knowledge management practices in Indian information technology companies

The present paper lays the foundations for the best practices in knowledge management and investigates the degree of awareness and implementation of KM principles and practices in Indian information technology (IT) companies. A purposive sample of 10 IT companies in North India was chosen for study and a survey was conducted with the objective of investigating the degree of awareness and implementation strategies of knowledge management. The present research work is based on secondary data obtained from 10 IT companies. The various phases of knowledge management (knowledge generation, knowledge codification, and knowledge transfer and knowledge application) were taken into account and data were interpreted on the basis of weighted scores for each parameter at each phase. Final conclusions were drawn on the basis of the Knowledge Management Index. The interpretation of data revealed that the Knowledge Management Index (KMI) for awareness and commitment is very high as per the pre-defined rating scale but the involvement of top management in allocating the necessary resource flow to initiate and sustain knowledge management practice is needed. It was very clear that though people are aware of the importance of documentation and it is being prepared to some extent, a lot needs to be done in this field. Only very critical information is documented and maintained in archives, whereas general information (which forms 30%–40% of daily work input) is not documented. The common perception was that there should be a mechanism through which the ideas of engineers/programmers can be implemented since the company can gain only if ideas are translated into tangible benefits. The Knowledge Management Index for awareness of intellectual property in IT companies was found to be too low, which is an area of concern, but the same was high for information technology. It was also revealed that HR professionals have to realise that true competitive advantage lies in the people and the best HR practices should be aligned to strengthen knowledge management.