Intellectual Agents Research Articles

Functional and Harmonious Selforganization of Large Intellectual Agent Ensembles with Smart Hybrid Competencies via Wireless and Mobile Networks

Artificial intelligence of large ensembles of intelligent agents in terms of computing power surpasses human intelligence. He is capable of artificial thinking and understanding. Giant ensembles of intellectual agents with artificial consciousness and intelligence are able, for the results set by the person necessary for him, to find solutions for their obtaining on the basis of professional competence and experience accumulation. The professional competence of artificial intelligence is the ability to use technologies, including computer vision, natural language processing, speech recognition and synthesis, intelligent decision support, as well as the use of synergistic methods, functional self-organizing methods and utility and preference criteria. For artificial intelligence, the functional organization of the system is important. The functionalism of artificial intelligence does not depend on its carrier, allows many methods of its functional implementation, as well as to form the completeness of its functions. Giant ensembles of intellectual agents with a full set of functions gradually and flexibly form events into solutions or rational behavior to obtain a given necessary result. Intelligent artificial intelligence has psychological, analytical, research, language, professional and behavioral hybrid competencies. Each competence is exercised by an intelligent agent with a competent functional professional manner. Intelligent agents form an ensemble with intelligent ethical artificial intelligence. The article is devoted to functional harmonious selforganization of ensembles of intellectual agents.Functional harmonious self-organization of the interaction of intellectual agents in different environments is carried out via wireless and mobile networks on the basis of data of a specific environment obtained by analytical competent intellectual agents. As result of research, the law of the golden section of the functional harmonious self-organization of ensembles of intellectual agents was revealed. Further research will focus on the effective use of wireless and mobile networks in the practical application of smart agent ensembles.

Aspects of Implementation of Competencies by Smart Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Different Environments

Smart artificial intelligence has psychological, analytical, research, language, professional and behavioral competencies. Its psychological competencies are communication, self-regulation, adaptability during changes, motivation, empathy - identifying the needs of the environment. Psychological competence determines his psychological intelligence - the ability to adequately use his own capabilities, the ability to find solutions and choose adequate ways of communication. Ethical competencies of intelligent artificial intelligence are determined by ethical standards. Each competence is exercised by an intelligent agent with a competent functional professional manner. Intelligent agents form an ensemble with intelligent ethical artificial intelligence. The use of an ensemble with smart ethical artificial intelligence in various environments is carried out by synergistic tuning of the interaction of intelligent agents based on data of specific environment obtained by an analytical competent intellectual agent. The interaction of the analytical competent intellectual agent with the environment is carried out through the smart interface of the ensemble.

Impact of Chatbot in Transforming the Face of Retailing- An Empirical Model of Antecedents and Outcomes

Background: Chatbot has emerged as a significant resolution to the swiftly growing customer care demands in recent times. Chatbot has emerged as one of the biggest technological disruptions. In simple words, a software agent that facilitates interaction between computers and humans in natural language. It is a simulated, intellectual dialogue agent functional in a range of consumer engagement circumstances. It is the easiest and simplest means to enable interaction between the retailers and the customers. Aim: Most of the research work on chatbot is concerned with the technical aspects. The recent research on chatbot pays little attention on the impact it has created on users’ experience. Through this work, the author made an effort to know the customer-oriented impact that the chatbot has on the shoppers. The aim of this study was to develop and empirically test a framework that identifies the customer oriented attributes of chatbot and the impact these attributes create on customers. Objective: Objectives: The study intended to bridge the gap between conceptual and actual attributes and their applications on the subject of Chatbot. The following research objectives addressed the various aspects of Chatbot affecting the different characteristics of consumers’ shopping behaviors: Objective: a) Identification of various attributes of chatbot that bears an impression on consumer’s shopping behavior. Objective: b) Evaluation of the impact of chatbot on consumer’s shopping behavior that leads to the development of chatbot usage and adoption by the customer. Methodology: For the purpose of analysis, the author carried out Factor analysis and Multiple regression using SPSS version 23 for the identification of various attributes of Chatbot and their impact on shoppers. A self-administered questionnaire was developed. Industry experts in the field of retailing and academician evaluated the questionnaire. Primary information from the respondents was gathered using this questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of Likert scale on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 stands for strongly disagree and 5 stands for strongly agree. Data was collected from 126 respondents, out of which 111 respondents were finally considered for study and analysis purpose. Results/Findings: The empirical results showed that the study identified various attributes of chatbot like trust, usefulness, satisfaction, readiness to use and accessibility. It was also found that chatbot greatly influenced the customers in providing them with shopping experience, which can be very helpful to the businesses for increasing the sales and creating repurchase intention in the customers. Conclusion: The recent research on chatbot pays little attention on the impact it is creating on customers who are actually interacting with it on regular basis. The research paper extends information for understanding and appreciating the customer oriented attributes of artificially intelligent Chatbot. In this regard, the author developed a model framework and proposed the attributes identified. Through the work, author also made an effort to empirically test the impact of the identified attributes on the shoppers.

Pengetahuan mitigasi dan kapasitas kebencanaan melalui virtual meeting pada mahasiswa magister IPA Universitas Mataram

NTB Province is one of the areas prone to natural disasters. In 2018 there was an earthquake that destroyed infrastructure and the safety of human life. The number of casualties due to the earthquake, one of which is the lack of public knowledge about disasters. Through counseling, the increase in knowledge and capacity to reduce disaster risk in science master students at the University of Mataram. It is hoped that students as intellectual agents in the community can continue or inform their environment. Data collection methods: before and after counseling, students were given a questionnaire via google form sent via WA regarding a) disaster knowledge, b) disaster risk reduction capacity and c) disaster mitigation measures. The discussion is more devoted to earthquake disasters. Outreach was held on November 5, 2020 virtually via zoom meeting. The number of participants who took part was 45 people, consisting of 16 male students and 29 female students. The results show that it is not satisfactory, because the percentage increase in knowledge at the high level is still smaller than the percentage level at the lower level. Therefore, it is suggested that education about disaster risk capacity still needs to be disseminated.

Loyalist, Dissenter and Cosmopolite: The Sociocultural Origins of a Counter-public Sphere in Colonial Hong Kong

AbstractThis paper surveys the process of discursive contestation by intellectual agents in Hong Kong that fostered a counter-public sphere in China's offshore. In the post-war era, Chinese exiled intellectuals leveraged the colony's geopolitical ambiguity and created a displaced community of loyalists/dissenters that supported independent publishing venues and engaged in the cultural front. By the 1970s, homegrown and left-wing intellectuals had constructed a hybrid identity to articulate their physical proximity to, yet social distance from, the Chinese nation-state, as well as to appropriate their sense of belonging to the city-state, through confronting social injustice. In examining periodicals and interviewing public intellectuals, I propose that this counter-public sphere was defined first by its alternative voice, which contested various official discourses, second by its multifaceted inclusiveness, which accommodated diverse worldviews and subjectivities, and third by its critical platform, which nurtured social activism in undemocratic Chinese societies. I differentiate the permissive conditions that loosened constraints on intellectual agencies from the productive conditions that account for their penetration and diffusion. Habermas's idealized public sphere framework is revisited by bringing in ideational contestation, social configuration and cultural identity.

Crisis and public intellectuals: From the transnational intellectual field to the digital global public circuit

AbstractWe examine the modes of intervention of global public intellectuals at times of crisis. In critical situations, public intellectuals take positions on matters that affect the societies they inhabit and, eventually, all humanity. To this end, they take advantage of the opportunities afforded by new communications technologies, establishing an important distinction between the “analog” intellectual (who relies on the slow time of books, opinion columns, and bookstores) and the “digital” intellectual who uses modern information and communications technologies. To study the activities of global public intellectuals and their political influence, we propose to leave aside the notion of “transnational intellectual field” in favor of an understanding of a transnational intellectual stage peopled by a certain type of intellectual agent whose symbolic and cultural production is disseminated through a digital global public circuit. To illustrate the functioning of a circuit of this type, we take the example of the Project Syndicate platform.

About Formation of International Ethical Digital Environment with Smart Artificial Intelligence

Intellectual agent ensembles allow you to create digital environment by professional images with language, behavioral and active communications, when images and communications are implemented by agents with smart artificial intelligence. Through language, behavioral and active communications, intellectual agents implement collective activities. The ethical standard through intelligent agents allows you to regulate the safe use of ensembles made of robots and digital doubles with creative communication artificial intelligence in the social sphere, industry and other professional fields. The use of intelligent agents with smart artificial intelligence requires responsibility from the developer and owner for harming others. If harm to others occurred due to the mistakes of the developer, then he bears responsibility and costs. If the damage to others occurred due to the fault of the owner due to non-compliance with the terms of use, then he bears responsibility and costs. Ethical standard and legal regulation help intellectual agents with intelligent artificial intelligence become professional members of society. Ensembles of intelligent agents ith smart artificial intelligence will be able to safely work with society as professional images with skills, knowledge and competencies, implemented in the form of retrained digital twins and cognitive robots that interact through language, behavioral and active ethical communications. Cognitive robots and digital doubles through self-developing ensembles of intelligent agents with synergistic interaction and intelligent artificial intelligence can master various high-tech professions and competencies. Their use in the industry increases labor productivity and economic efficiency of production. Their application in the social sphere improves the quality of life of a person and society. Their widespread application requires compliance with an ethical standard so that their use does not cause harm. The introduction and use of an ethical standard for the use of cognitive robots and digital doubles with smart artificial intelligence increases the safety of their use. Ethical relationships between individuals and intellectual agents will also be governed by an ethical standard.

Functional and Harmonious Self-organization of Large Intellectual Agent Ensembles with Smart Hybrid Competencies

Artificial intelligence of large ensembles of intelligent agents in terms of computing power surpasses human intelligence. He is capable of artificial thinking and understanding. Giant ensembles of intellectual agents with artificial consciousness and intelligence are able, for the results set by the person necessary for him, to find solutions for their obtaining on the basis of professional competence and experience accumulation. The professional competence of artificial intelligence is the ability to use technologies, including computer vision, natural language processing, speech recognition and synthesis, intelligent decision support, as well as the use of synergistic methods, functional self-organizing methods and utility and preference criteria. For artificial intelligence, the functional organization of the system is important. The functionalism of artificial intelligence does not depend on its carrier, allows many methods of its functional implementation, as well as to form the completeness of its functions. Giant ensembles of intellectual agents with a full set of functions gradually and flexibly form events into solutions or rational behavior to obtain a given necessary result. Intelligent artificial intelligence has psychological, analytical, research, language, professional and behavioral hybrid competencies. Each competence is exercised by an intelligent agent with a competent functional professional manner. Intelligent agents form an ensemble with intelligent ethical artificial intelligence. Functional harmonious self-organization of the interaction of intellectual agents in different environments is carried out on the basis of data of a specific environment obtained by analytical competent intellectual agents. For each set of functions and smart hybrid competencies of an intelligent ensemble, there is a critical importance for the number of its intellectual agents capable of synergistic self-organization of interaction.

Formation of International Ethical Digital Environment with Smart Artificial Intelligence

Intellectual agent ensembles allow you to create digital environment by professional images with language, behavioral and active communications, when images and communications are implemented by agents with smart artificial intelligence. Through language, behavioral and active communications, intellectual agents implement collective activities. The ethical standard through intelligent agents allows you to regulate the safe use of ensembles made of robots and digital doubles with creative communication artificial intelligence in the social sphere, industry and other professional fields. The use of intelligent agents with smart artificial intelligence requires responsibility from the developer and owner for harming others. If harm to others occurred due to the mistakes of the developer, then he bears responsibility and costs. If the damage to others occurred due to the fault of the owner due to non-compliance with the terms of use, then he bears responsibility and costs. Ethical standard and legal regulation help intellectual agents with intelligent artificial intelligence become professional members of society. Ensembles of intelligent agents with smart artificial intelligence will be able to safely work with society as professional images with skills, knowledge and competencies, implemented in the form of retrained digital twins and cognitive robots that interact through language, behavioral and active ethical communications. Cognitive robots and digital doubles through self-developing ensembles of intelligent agents with synergistic interaction and intelligent artificial intelligence can master various high-tech professions and competencies. Their use in the industry increases labor productivity and economic efficiency of production. Their application in the social sphere improves the quality of life of a person and society. Their widespread application requires compliance with an ethical standard so that their use does not cause harm. The introduction and use of an ethical standard for the use of cognitive robots and digital doubles with smart artificial intelligence increases the safety of their use. Ethical relationships between individuals and intellectual agents will also be governed by an ethical standard.

Intellectual agents of targets in analytical constructing of optimum systems of management of drum mills

Purpose. Justification of the rational use of intellectual agents in forming of the quasi-optimal systems of management furnaces of complexes of type drum mills as observers of complete order. A method of research consists of decision of the best laws management by the mining complexes by the use of methods of the analytical constructing of optimum regulators withthe input in their structures of such essences as intellectual agents as observers of complete order. Results of research. Management by the mining and processing complexes it is perspective to carry out on the basis of the quasi-optimal systems of management. Taking into account properties and sensitiveness of intellectual agents, expediently to include them at the analytical constructing of regulators in the structure of observers of complete order. This increases in accordance with securing functional of quality criterion of exactness of optimum stabilization of rational technology of process of growing shallow in the drum mills. Scientific novelty. A new structure is set of the quasi-optimal system of management by the technological dynamics of drum mills with the asymptotic observer of complete order. Of efficiency of recognition and operative management it is suggested to carry the rise out on the basis of functional possibilities of intellectual agents of targets, as which an observer comes forward of complete order in aggregate with the considered technological processes in the mining and processing complexes. Practical value. Results of researches allow to recommend a rational chart of quasi-optimal management by the drum mills in accordance with the set criterion. In the spectrum of the active power consumable by the drive electric motor technological constituents are selected, which are conditioned by the difficult vibrations of ore mass of filling of drum. Their maximal values are selected ekstremum by detector and are watched by the observer of complete order with the optimum stabilization. This allows to secure intensification of return of the prepared class.

A New Approach to Creation of an Artificial Intellect and Method of its Implementation

AbstractOn the basis of the author’s earlier works, the article proposes a new approach to creating an artificial intellect system in a model of a human being that is presented as the unification of an intellectual agent and a humanoid robot (ARb). In accordance with the proposed new approach, the development of an artificial intellect is achieved by teaching a natural language to an ARb, and by its utilization for communication with ARbs and humans, as well as for reflections. A method is proposed for the implementation of the approach. Within the framework of that method, a human model is “brought up” like a child, in a collective of automatons and children, whereupon an ARb must master a natural language and reflection, and possess self-awareness. Agent robots (ARbs) propagate and their population evolves; that is ARbs develop cognitively from generation to generation. ARbs must perform the tasks they were given, such as computing, whereupon they are then assigned time for “private life” for improving their education as well as for searching for partners for propagation. After having received an education, every agent robot may be viewed as a “person” who is capable of activities that contain elements of creativity. The development of ARbs thanks to the evolution of their population, education, and personal “life” experience, including “work” experience, which is mastered in a collective of humans and automatons.

Arena do patrimônio cultural no século XX

A partir de fontes primárias e secundárias, materiais documentais e bibliográficos, este ensaio almeja discutir os vetores de institucionalização da política do patrimônio cultural no Brasil do século XX. Propomos dois principais vetores: 1) a escala do monumento; 2) a escala do cotidiano. O objetivo, portanto, é compreender as trajetórias institucionais erguidas na contingência do campo de produção simbólica e seus respectivos conflitos. Tem-se em vista, dessa maneira, localizar os principais agentes intelectuais mediadores e a formação dos quadros administrativos em uma arena de disputa política, institucional e, sobretudo, discursiva.

Problematic Issues of Intellectualizing the Control System of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

The paper considers ways of intellectualizing the control processes of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) by the example of solving three problems, on which the successful use of AUVs largely depends. The first problem is to create an AUV control system (CS), which ensures the achievement of the mission’s objective in the event of emergencies caused by both external and internal reasons, as well as deliberate and unintentional counteraction. It is shown that for the construction of the AUV’s CS the decentralized multi-agent structure is most suitable, in which each AUV system is an independent intellectual agent with its own control system. The control system must be equipped with a set of adaptive algorithms that ensure: control of AUV in the event of emergency situations, taking into account restrictions on the supply of electric energy, speed, accuracy of autonomous underwater navigation, range of hydro-acoustic communication; rational distribution of energy resources by AUV systems in accordance with the current situation; maintaining the functional stability of the AUV with a partial malfunction of technical means. The second problem is to create an underwater navigation system that ensures the accomplishment of AUV missions at great distances from the base point. Since AUV navigation using only on-board means (inertial navigation system and lag) does not provide the necessary accuracy, a prerequisite for AUV navigation over long distances is to conduct an observation using external sources, the choice of which in the circumstances is a non-trivial task. The third problem is to create a network underwater communication system (NUCS), which provides for the group application of AUVs. The ground analogue of NUCS is network radio communication. But if the latter is fairly well developed, then the former only takes the initial steps. This is due to both the later practical relevance of NUCS, and many fundamental physical factors that impede the development of NUCS, which include: a substantially limited frequency band that can be used in practice for signal transmission; a large propagation time of the hydroacoustic signal compared to the radio signal; the formation of extended shadow zones and fading of the connected signal due to its multipath propagation; significant Doppler distortions, fast variability of the characteristics of the hydroacoustic medium.

How to reduce the probability of erroneous decisions in the systems of collective intelligence

This work discusses and solves the methodological problem of reducing the probability of erroneous decisions when solving local problems by groups of intelligent agents. Intellectual agents can be carriers of both natural and artificial intelligence. The basic method of the new information technology is based on the theory of evolutionary decision reconciliation developed by the authors. The method is built on the original use of genetic algorithms in which intelligent agents perform the fitness function based on their knowledge and skills. The technology is based on the knowledge model proposed during the work, the Rasch model, and the mathematical apparatus of the Condorcet theorem. A theorem that allows finding the conditions under which the probability of an erroneous solution tends to zero, is formulated and proved. The results of using the theory for objects recognition from images by a group of neural networks are presented. A significant decrease in the probability of errors of the first kind is obtained in comparison with the classical methods. It is proposed to use the technology of evolutionary decision reconciliation to solve local problems in medical diagnostics, banking, and other fields.

Methodological base for transformants representation in nonequilibrium positional uneven-diagonal space

Revealed the method of video data processing at the source level operation conceptual essence, based on the multiagent processing scheme. In the framework of multi-agent approach, the principle of this system operation described in the conditions of necessity to ensure a rapid change of video stream intensity in the process of transmitting video data to end users. An overview of the features of this processing scheme, the principle of intelligent agents functioning and the essence of the processing model are conducted. The general principles of multiagent system functioning are given, considering that each of its functional units is an intellectual agent - a module that performs processing at one particular stage of the general technological process within the framework of basic technology. In other words, an intellectual agent is seen as a set of functions and tools for data processing, and it refers to one or another technological stage of the underlying technology. The essence of application of processing models in the course of video data encoding is revealed, and it is also logically substantiated that such an approach contributes both to reducing the necessary computing resources for the system as a whole and, on the other hand, also contributes to increasing the performance at the same computing capacities. This is achieved, in particular, by dividing the shared resources of the base platform between the individual agents, that is, in this case it is possible to perform parallel computations, and by the fact that the presence of a processing model allows the multiagent system to operate in two modes - the main and the training mode. In the training mode, the system detects regularities between the content features of the video stream fragments that are received for processing, as well as a set of coding parameters for each of the agents, which together will ensure optimal processing. The functioning of the nodes of this system, implemented on the basis of the basic MPEG algorithm is considered.

Dialectical Reality of Public Accountant’s Objectivity and Independence: A Bourdieusian Perspective

This paper aims to reveal the social reality of auditing practices in the battle of dialectical feelings about the boundaries of objectivity and autonomy of independence experienced by Public Accountants in defending their professional rights. The disclosure includes the concept of values / beliefs / doxa of autonomy independence implied in the social reality of oppression of intellectual power. This method of expressing social reality used Pierre Bourdieu's perspective approach which focuses more on social situations in practical areas than social construction in theoretical conversation. So that through this construction abler to touch and express honestly about the reality of self-struggle in the practice of auditing. The results of this study are useful for the theoretical development of the sociological aspects of the struggle of public accountants as an intellectual agents maintaining their autonomy against external pressures so as to encourage the creation of more objective and independent audit practice policies.

Creative Communication Safe Ethical Artificial Intelligence in the Era of Technological Development

God created the universe by images. Man also carries out creative activity by imagined and descriptive images. Creative artificial intelligence can already create paintings, compose poems and prose. That is, he can imagine and depict virtual animated and inanimate images. Creative artificial intelligence can also endow virtual images with information and process active communications that are safe for their environment. That is, make them active. Intelligent communicative-associative artificial intelligence combines information and active communications. Digital doubles and robots with artificial intelligence can embody virtual images with information, process active and safe communications in real participants in the social life of a technocratic civilization by self-organizing ensembles of intellectual agents with collective synergistic interaction. An ensemble of intelligent virtual agents can simultaneously interact with several external environments, conduct several dialogues and perform many skills, that is, can have collective knowledge and skill and behavior. The author, in this article, proposes a synergistic approach to the formation of technological ensembles of intelligent virtual agents. The synergistic approach created reference positions for the development of a new promising area of informatics. A synergistic approach establishes the relationships and from the image of conjugated system phenomena. It uses tools, approaches, and methodology to reasonably transfer the results of subsystem research, parts, and sections to their integral integrated and hierarchically superior system levels. The synergy approach shows the most important role of resonant phenomena of the states of information systems. The synergistic principle provides a single basis for self-organization. The stage of self-organization occurs only in the case of positive feedback. A synergistic approach allows you to implement the self-organization of intelligent virtual agents of the technological ensemble. Technological self-organizing collective ensembles are able to interact with production teams, replace them for some time and even completely release them in various fields of professional activity. Technological collective ensembles can manage industries, make decisions in difficult changing circumstances and ensure safety in extreme conditions.

Implementation of Competencies by Smart Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Different Environments

Smart artificial intelligence has psychological, analytical, research, language, professional and behavioral competencies. Its psychological competencies are communication, self-regulation, adaptability during changes, motivation, empathy - identifying the needs of the environment. Psychological competence determines his psychological intelligence - the ability to adequately use his own capabilities, the ability to find solutions and choose adequate ways of communication. Ethical competencies of intelligent artificial intelligence are determined by ethical standards. Each competence is exercised by an intelligent agent with a competent functional professional manner. Intelligent agents form an ensemble with intelligent ethical artificial intelligence. The use of an ensemble with smart ethical artificial intelligence in various environments is carried out by synergistic tuning of the interaction of intelligent agents based on data of specific environment obtained by an analytical competent intellectual agent. The interaction of the analytical competent intellectual agent with the environment is carried out through the smart interface of the ensemble. Intelligence and consciousness have fascinated humanity for a long time and we have long sought to replicate this in machines. In this work we show some design principles for a compassionate and conscious artificial intelligence. We present a computational framework for engineering intelligence, empathy and consciousness in machines. We hope that this framework will allow us to better understand consciousness and design machines that are conscious and empathetic. Our hope is that this will also shift the discussion from a fear of artificial intelligence towards designing machines that embed our cherished values in them. Consciousness, intelligence and empathy would be worthy design goals that can be engineered in machines.

Creation of social self-sufficient digital natural ecological economy

The economic community is trying to find a sustainable monetary equivalent of international economic activity or get rid of it and move to a natural economy based on artificial intelligence. Solving this problem requires a new approach to the economic and social organization of society. The Muslim world is building an Islamic economy. Christendom can begin to shape the New Testament economy. The author proposes an approach to creating a social self-sufficient digital natural economy by a New Testament society. This approach will require the formation of a New Testament society that builds economic and social life, based on the New Testament doctrine. New Testament society creates a natural lifestyle, social, resource and digital aspects of a natural self-sufficient economy. The social self-sufficient digital natural economy is formed from the economy of realizing the necessary needs and the development economy. Society builds economic, social and spiritual life, relying on the New Testament doctrine. The Creator of the universe has provided the resources of the earth to all nations. Natural national resources are a national treasure. This provision makes it possible to realize social and economic self-sufficiency. The economy realizes the necessary needs of the population. Satisfaction of the necessary needs of the population is carried out equally, according to the New Testament doctrine. The formation of population demand is carried out through digital ensembles of intellectual agents. digital ensembles of intelligent agents also control the formation of demand, record the realization of necessary needs, track the satisfaction of demand. Digital solutions in a social self-sufficient subsistence economy are used not only in its organization, but also in industrial, agricultural, service and other areas of activity to realize the necessary needs.

Sítios urbanos na redemocratização: novas demandas e caminhos para ampliação das práticas de preservação

RESUMO Este artigo trata das respostas às demandas de proteção das cidades feitas por novos agentes sociais à instituição federal de preservação, hoje o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), de 1979 até 1989, durante o processo de redemocratização do Brasil. Problemas urbanos, intensificados na década de 1970, envolvendo a destruição de áreas das cidades, assim como transformações nos sítios tombados, provocaram mudanças na valorização desses bens culturais, uma vez que as demandas de proteção não necessariamente correspondiam aos padrões até então usados para proteção das cidades pela instituição federal de preservação. Até então as ações de preservação se estruturavam tendo como agentes sociais intelectuais modernistas e uma visão hegemônica do que seria a representação de uma identidade nacional: arquitetura colonial brasileira e imóveis considerados excepcionais. No atendimento aos novos pedidos de proteção, foram adotados outros valores de patrimônio, admitindo-se uma heterogeneidade de estilos arquitetônicos nos sítios, a historicidade urbana e assumindo o conceito cidade-documento na superação do critério estilístico de valoração das cidades. A instituição aproximou-se dos habitantes dos sítios tombados e promoveu ações de produção de conhecimento para o estabelecimento de parâmetros e normas de análise das intervenções solicitadas por eles. Destaca-se a Constituição Federal de 1988, por ser a primeira que definiu um conceito orientador das práticas de preservação e por ter os grupos sociais como protagonistas da valorização dos bens culturais.