Intellectually Research Articles

Literature Review related to Association between Mental Health and Academic Performance among Adolescents

The mental health is defined as a state of harmony among emotional, social, and psychological well-being. The mental health is important for adolescents period for their professional and personal lives. The mental health issues generally start at a young age and later in life. University students are a large group suffering from mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, etc. The university life may change the student's emotional and intellectual abilities and this may cause stress on students to meet academic achievement and to adjust in a competitive environment. A few studies revealed that there is a positive association between mental health and the academic performance of students. 1% of mental health problems reduce 8.4% of academic performance in the case of Pakistan. A few studies say that many factors such as lifestyle behaviors, education behaviors, physical activity, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression level may influence mental health and academic performance positively or negatively. Factors related to academics and health were attributable to the burden of psychological morbidity to school-going adolescents. A few studies conclude that there is a partial and negative association between mental health and academic performance. The supportive education environment and adolescent-friendly initiatives to reduce psychological issues burden.

Exploring the Significance of AI through Chi-Square Testing in Business Decisions

A computer system capable of performing operations like speech recognition, visual perception, decision-making, and language translation would typically need human intellect. Thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), this is now feasible. AI, the general term for any intelligent computer program, includes machine learning as a subset. To put it another way, not all AI is machine learning, but all machine learning is AI, and so on. The study of machine learning (ML) is a burgeoning discipline with many promising directions for future advancement in various techniques and uses. This study explores the effects AI and the ML in the decision made in the business. It also provides insights into how ML as well as AI are changing the landscape of analysis in business. A thorough examination of the literature survey and case study analysis, and expert interviewing as part of the materials and methods. The study's population consisted of all business owners in Lagos, Nigeria. A sample size of 185 business owners was selected using the convenience sampling technique. The primary instrument for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire. Online data was gathered, cleaned, coded, and recorded. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 25.0) was used to code and evaluate the data collected. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were employed to assess the quantitative data collected from students and teachers, while the Chi-square test was used for inferential statistics with a significance level set at 5%. The findings revealed that machine learning algorithms employed does not significantly improve business analysis, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) significantly improves business analysis. It also revealed that the integration of AI with robotics significantly influences business processes and operations, and the effectiveness of planning and decision-making models within AI systems significantly improves business contexts. The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity of cooperation between companies, legislators, and other stakeholders and offers suggestions for businesses wishing to implement AI.

Assessment of Oral Health Status of Differently Abled Children in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District: A Cross-sectional Study

Aim: To assess the oral health status of differently abled children in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out at the Carmel Special School in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District. The study included 131 participants (68 men and 63 women). The age of the participants ranged from 10 to 18 years. The subjects underwent a clinical oral examination after recording participant’s medical and dental histories. Results: The mean Simplified Oral Hygiene Index score for the study population was 3.12 ± 1.12 and the mean DMFS score was 8.9 ± 5.69, and the fluorosis index of the teeth was also measured, showing that 14% of participants had mild fluorosis and <3% of participants had moderate fluorosis. Conclusion: This study provides enough proof to conclude that, differently abled children’s oral health was below average and there was an increased unmet requirement for dental care. Children with disabilities face more significant obstacles in maintaining proper oral hygiene and accessing adequate health care, primarily because their limited motor skills and intellectual abilities often prevent them from engaging in essential practices like tooth brushing.

Technology of improving foreign language communication skills of master’s students majoring natural and technical sciences

The rapid development of the Internet, as well as the digitalization of almost all spheres of human life, marked the transition from an industrial to an information-technogenic society, as predicted by futurologists in the middle of the last century. The growth of the information and technological space and the intensification of production electronization put forward increased requirements for the training of specialists in the natural sciences and technical profiles, primarily engineers. The given study is focused on the actual problem of improving foreign language skills of Master’s students at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology that participates in the federal project «Advanced Engineering Schools». Despite the fact that this project is aimed at training highly qualified personnel for the exclusively Russian economy, it seems that it could be further developed within the scientific and professional cooperation between Russia and the BRICS and SCO states, which is impossible without a sufficiently high level of foreign language. As a result, we have identified the advantages of a communicative approach in linguodidactics (orientation to the practical component of the educational content, motivation for communication, maximum development of thinking skills, etc.). Besides, we have established the requirements for exercises aimed at developing students' communication skills, intellectual and cognitive abilities, and forming stable positive motivation to master a foreign language for professional, research, and teaching activities.

Free‐listing and semantic knowledge: A diagnostic tool for detecting Alzheimer’s disease?

AbstractBackgroundA semantic memory impairment figures prominently among the manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). That impairment manifests itself relatively early in the disease trajectory with longitudinal studies showing evidence in patients with mild cognitive impairment and preclinical AD. We investigate the impact of AD on specific semantic categories integral to daily function: living kinds and artefacts.MethodWe relied on a “free‐listing task” as developed in cultural domain analysis, and assessed its relationship with other cognitive and functional tests in clinical use. We chose the written version for the elicitation of the free‐lists that we analyze here. A written format leads to the generation of longer lists than an oral elicitation. The participant pool was comprised of 19 AD patients and a control group, 15 cognitively normal age‐matched adults.ResultThe median number of items generated in each list for the patients was 12 for living things and 18 for man‐made objects, for the control group, 39 and 45, respectively. Controlling for age, education, estimate of premorbid intellectual ability, and sex, group membership (AD or control) predicts performance in the free‐listing in the two categories. Holding demographic variables constant, functional status is inversely related to the performance on free‐listing.ConclusionEven when provided the modality (written) to generate longer lists, individuals with AD still performed worse than controls. Our findings confirm previous observations identifying an impairment of semantic knowledge in AD. Free‐listing is effective at detecting this impairment. This easy‐to‐administer, cost‐effective tool could facilitate the fast preliminary characterization of AD in distinct cultural environments.

Could Cariprazine Be a Possible Choice for High Functioning Autism? A Case Report

This case report was conducted by searching for the following keywords on PubMed: High Functioning Autism, Autism Spectrum Disorder, cariprazine, aripiprazole, partial agonist antipsychotic, DRD2/DRD3. High Functioning Autism (HFA) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with average intellectual abilities, behavioral symptoms such as irritability, hyperactivity, aggressiveness and mood symptoms. HFA is not a term used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM), but it is commonly used to identify patients diagnosed with Autistic Disorder (AD) or Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) with average or above average intellectual abilities. Several factors are involved in HFA development, including environmental and genetic factors. In particular, over the last several decades, dopaminergic signaling system dysfunction has been highlighted as being responsible for behavioral patterns. Nowadays, symptoms of ASD lack a specific pharmacological treatment. The only medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for symptoms associated with ASD, in particular the irritability, are risperidone and aripiprazole. According to the hypothesis that dopamine receptor DRD2 and DRD3 might be involved in impulsive behavior, stereotypy, repetitive behaviors and language impairment, cariprazine could be a therapeutic option. This molecule is primarily characterized by DRD3 partial agonism and serotonin 5-HT1A partial agonism, with a lower ability to activate DRD2 than other third-generation antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole. We have reported here a case study of treatment of HFA with cariprazine.

PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES-AN APPROACH TOWARDS MANAGEMENT ISSUES

Intellectual disability (ID), formerly known as mental retardation is a disability of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that arises during the period of time from conception to the beginning of adulthood. With ID, the individual has significant limitations in both intellectual ability and adaptive behavior, which are manifest before the age of 18. People with intellectual disability have varying degrees of impairment, classified from mild to profound. Every person who has intellectual disability is a unique individual and as such they face many barriers when it comes to school, relationships, and daily living. Supporting individuals in need of Mental Health Care and fostering a relationship with them are ways to embrace diversity in communities.

Challenges and Prospects of Academic Libraries in Kebbi State a Case Study of Kebbi State Polytechnic Dakingari Library

One of the objectives of a university education, according to the national strategy on education, is to develop the intellectual and physical abilities necessary for students to become independent and valuable members of society (Agboola, 2004).

Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia: Practical tips for physicians

Dementia is a progressive disorder that weakens the intellectual abilities and causes the cognitive, behavioral, and functional decline in occupational and social areas. This research is targeted to extract a profile for the dementia diagnostic and clinical characteristics by evaluating the near-term effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PD-D). A total of 240 individuals, including 60 AD patients, 60 PD-D patients, and 120 healthy controls, were included in the study. Data of individuals treated in a local dementia outpatient clinic between 2013 and 2023 were obtained from the clinic database. AD and PD-D diagnoses were made based on the revised National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria and movement disorder society (MDS) clinical diagnostic criteria, respectively. Functional, clinical, and neuropsychological evaluations of the patients were made by the same neurologist. Dementia staging and daily living activities were determined and categorized. In the patient group, functionality and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs) scores were significantly worse than those of the control group, but there was no difference between the AD and PD-D groups. Calculation, verbal fluency, word list, early learning, and clock drawing test scores were lower in the AD group than in the PD-D group. Apathy, disinhibition, elution, irritability, abnormal motor movements, sleep, and appetite scores were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. While depression parameters were not significantly different between all the groups, hallucinations and anxiety parameters were significantly higher in the PD-D group than in the AD group. As an important predictor of independent living and the burden of disease, functional impairment is an important issue in patients with AD compared to those with PD-D. This study also highlights the neuropsychiatric perception disorder in terms of functional loss in AD and significant anxiety disorder for PD-D accompanied by early functional losses.

Creative questions in the teaching of the biology course intellectual abilities of students of tasks efficiency in development

Қазіргі қоғам оқушыға әлеуметтік экономикалық ортаның тұрақты өзгеріп тұратын жағдайында белсенді бейімделуге қабілетті, өмірлік мәселелерді шеше алатын «тұлға» ретінде барынша жоғары талаптар қояды

Pengaruh Sholat Tahajud dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Remaja di Pondok Pesantren Assudaniyah, Medan

<p>Three categories of intelligence are used to describe youth: IQ (intellectual ability), EQ (emotional aptitude), and SI (spiritual ability). (SQ). The author here places more emphasis on spiritual intelligence. (SQ). In general, a teenager at this age must have spiritual intelligence that is obtained through closeness to Allah SWT, one of which is by reading the Tahajud Prayer. A teenager at this age is not enough just to have academic intelligence or emotional intelligence. In this regard, the author wants to know more about the influence of midnight prayers at the Assudaniyah Islamic Boarding School in Medan on the spiritual intelligence of adolescents. Qualitative techniques are used when conducting field and library research. Direct observation at the Assudaniyah Islamic Boarding School in Medan, interviews with related parties, and documentation are the methods used to collect data in this study. The results of this study: Assudaniyah Islamic Boarding School has a major role in Improving Youth Spiritual Intelligence through Tahajud Prayers through the implementation of prayer activities with several processes carried out including through exemplary, training and habituation, dialogue, discipline and Mau'izhah. Then there are also factors that become obstacles and supports to increase the spiritual intelligence of adolescents at the Assudaniyah Islamic boarding school, Medan. From this elaboration the author takes several important points about the effect of midnight prayers at the Assudaniah Islamic Boarding School, including: Increasing Faith in Allah SWT, Increasing Santri Discipline, Having a Happy Spirit so as to give birth to productive teenagers, Increasing peace of mind, Stabilizing adolescent self-emotions, Forming The noble character of Santri/Adolescents and Improving the Condition of the brain and learning motivation of students.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>: </strong>Midnight Prayer, Spiritual Intelligence (SQ), Islamic Boarding School.</p>

Implicit assumptions of (prospective) music school teachers about musically gifted students

Stereotypical assumptions associating high levels of giftedness and outstanding performance with maladaptive behavioral characteristics and personality traits (cf. disharmony stereotype) are rather prevalent in the school context as well as in the musical domain. Such preconceptions among teachers can influence student assessment and corresponding performance expectations, which might, in turn, impact future lesson planning. In an experiment using a controlled vignette approach, the current study, with N = 211 (prospective) German music school teachers, investigated how background information, combined with a manipulated music recording, affected (prospective) music school teachers’ assessment of a fictive student’s performance, behavioral characteristics, personality traits, and teachers' consequential lesson planning. Experimental variations included the fictive student’s supposed level of giftedness, social interaction, age, and duration of instrumental lessons. Results indicated that music school teachers’ preconceptions of students assumed to be musically gifted were a high level of intellectual and musical abilities with behavioral characteristics and personality traits rated at least equivalent to those of students assumed to have average giftedness. Teachers’ lesson planning was not influenced by any of the manipulated background information. Taken together, the observed pattern of effects contradicts the disharmony stereotype but tends to align more with the harmony stereotype as music school teachers’ prevailing preconceptions about students supposed to be musically gifted.

The Relation between Motivation and Goal Attainment: A Correlational Meta‐Analysis

AbstractThis meta‐analysis investigated the strengths of the relationship between various types of motivations and accompanying future outcomes that individuals intend to change, based upon 337 effect sizes from 62 studies. Considerable variation exists within and between the effect sizes of the 14 types of motivations, ranging from a small negative effect size, r = −.13, I2 = 93.85% (k = 13), to a medium positive effect size, r = .38, I2 = 0.0% (k = 3). The following factors moderated some of the 14 summary effect sizes: (a) the type of assessment data (self‐report vs. physical data); (b) the type of future outcomes (physical behavior, psychological state, and intellectual ability); (c) the use of a motivational intervention; (d) the use of a longitudinal design; and (e) the time period between the point that measured motivation and future outcomes. The moderating effects suggest that the effect size of motivations may fluctuate across various domains, while future outcomes may be almost unaffected or even affected negatively by particular types of motivations, although certain other types of motivations play positive roles.

Sex difference of pre- and post-natal exposure to six developmental neurotoxicants on intellectual abilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies

BackgroundEarly life exposure to lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybromide diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), and phthalates have been associated with lowered IQ in children. In some studies, these neurotoxicants impact males and females differently. We aimed to examine the sex-specific effects of exposure to developmental neurotoxicants on intelligence (IQ) in a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodWe screened abstracts published in PsychINFO and PubMed before December 31st, 2021, for empirical studies of six neurotoxicants (lead, mercury, PCBs, PBDEs, OPPs, and phthalates) that (1) used an individualized biomarker; (2) measured exposure during the prenatal period or before age six; and (3) provided effect estimates on general, nonverbal, and/or verbal IQ by sex. We assessed each study for risk of bias and evaluated the certainty of the evidence using Navigation Guide. We performed separate random effect meta-analyses by sex and timing of exposure with subgroup analyses by neurotoxicant.ResultsFifty-one studies were included in the systematic review and 20 in the meta-analysis. Prenatal exposure to developmental neurotoxicants was associated with decreased general and nonverbal IQ in males, especially for lead. No significant effects were found for verbal IQ, or postnatal lead exposure and general IQ. Due to the limited number of studies, we were unable to analyze postnatal effects of any of the other neurotoxicants.ConclusionDuring fetal development, males may be more vulnerable than females to general and nonverbal intellectual deficits from neurotoxic exposures, especially from lead. More research is needed to examine the nuanced sex-specific effects found for postnatal exposure to toxic chemicals.

Association of screen use trajectories from early childhood with cognitive development in late childhood: The EDEN mother–child cohort

Screen use has been related to children's cognitive development, but more evidence from longitudinal studies is needed. We investigated the association of screen use trajectories from age 2 to 11–12 years and cognitive development at 11–12 years in 459 children from the EDEN cohort. Parents reported how frequently TV was on during family meals at age 2, 3, 5 and 8 years and children's screen time at the same ages up to 11–12 years. Intellectual abilities were derived from subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at 11–12 years. Trajectories of screen time and TV on during family meals were identified and examined in relation with intellectual abilities using multivariable linear regression models. Four screen time trajectories were identified: low (11%), average (50%), high (32%), and very high (6%) user. The three trajectories of TV on during family meals were never (41%), sometimes (34%), and often/always (25%). Screen time trajectories were not associated with intellectual abilities at 11–12 years. TV on sometimes (vs never), but not often/always, during family meals was associated with reduced non-verbal and general intellectual abilities. Future studies need to consider the context of screen use, not just the time.

Approach for management health state IT specialists

Computers quickly entered the everyday life of people and their use is constantly increasing. The job description of an IT support specialist includes specialization in network analysis, system administration, information security and assurance, IT audits, database administration and web administration. The strategic goal is the formation of professionally competent and competitive specialist, whose personal qualities are determined not only by a person’s professional characteristics, but also by own lifestyle. To work in the IT arena, an employee faces a number of requirements, namely: having the appropriate education, intellectual abilities, the ability to work in a team, self-education skills, the desire to improve qualifications, the ability to work independently. It is clear that the importance of this industry is becoming more significant every year, it should be noted that without the using occupational health and safety regulations, the health protection will deteriorate greatly, in addition, it can cause irreversible processes in the whole body work. A healthy lifestyle is a self-created system that will protect a person from risks in the process of active life. We have created the exercise sequence for the psychological and physical relief of IT workers. It is aimed at preserving the employees’ health of this category, which includes the following exercises: tapping biologically active zones, "Crane wings", "Snake rings". The experimentally verified and its effectiveness was proven the effect of a developed measures complex for mental and physical relief on the health for IT workers. Also, after performing the exercises complex, there is an equalization of the morning and evening indicators, which indicates the general well-being improvement, the psycho-emotional state stability. Based on the obtained results, the indicators of fatigue decreased significantly, the mood normalized.

MODERASI BERAGAMA: PERAN DAN TANTANGAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DI ERA DIGITAL

Religious moderation is defined as an attitude aimed at reducing violence or avoiding extremism in religious practices to balance religious teachings. This is reflected in defending religious teachings while accepting opposing views. Religious moderation aims to bring harmony into the lives of others. The role of religious mediation that students must understand in the current digital era is as follows: 1) Peaceful education that respects human rights and friendship between nations, races or groups, 2) developing entrepreneurship and partnerships with industry, 3) paying attention to prophetic Islam, 4 ) include lessons about tolerance and religious pluralism, 5) understanding of Islam for it was passed down to a moderate anti-mainstream Indonesian Islamist, 6) balancing views between intellectual, spiritual, moral and casual abilities, 7) producing intellectual scholars, 8) solutions to educational problems , 9) emphasizing the holistic quality of education and 10) the ability to improve foreign language skills. In order to develop moderate students, there are many challenges to be faced, especially in the increasingly advanced digital era, such as the current decline in attachment to religious institutions, changes in religious theory and the strengthening of individualism.

Epistemology and Language of Science Fiction

Background knowledge plays an important role in understanding and appreciating both visual and literary creations. As society becomes more knowledgeable, more mature, technologically more advanced, and more sophisticated, the knowledge required to appreciate arts, including verbal art, increases greatly. In the comprehension of science fiction (SF), equal to reading experience, a substantial degree of background knowledge is needed to perceive the narrative and the plot devices, properly appreciate the informative and the aesthetic aspects of the discourse, and contemplate its consequences. This background knowledge challenging human intellect in SF is based on epistemology – the theory and construction of knowledge and the study of knowledge acquisition addressing cognitive sciences, involving an awareness of certain aspects of reality and seeking to discover what is known and how it is known. Moreover, in its relation to SF, epistemology explains why our minds relate to reality and how these relationships are either valid or invalid. Hence, the results of the present study based on case study, extrapolative and linguostylistic methods of investigation, show that epistemology helps to distinguish between the truth and falsehood as we obtain knowledge from the world around us and, in this case, from such a literary genre as SF.

The Effect of Consanguineous Marriages on Arab Offspring in the Arab Community

To better understand the effect of intergenerational consanguineous marriages on the onset and severity of dyslexia, this study focused on investigating the frequency of dyslexia in diverse family backgrounds, including consanguineous and non-consanguineous spouses. Despite the advance of modernization and globalization, certain cultures that are mainly focused in North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, continue to prioritize and practice family marriage and this is despite the warnings and recommendations of global health organizations. Dyslexia is a common learning disability that affects the development of language, and its main effect appears as difficulties in reading, spelling and decoding. This disability is related to phonological problems and not to intellectual ability. The reading and spelling errors are strongly influenced by heredity and genetics, with approximately 50% hereditary influence and genetic variables that contribute to the appearance of the disability among the offspring. The study compares the ability to deal with phonological and orthographic challenges in dyslexic children born from marriages from different marriage backgrounds, relatives and non-relatives, to peers. Phonological coding, spoken language abilities, working memory and reading comprehension are among the genetic and neurological aspects that have been studied.

ANALYSIS OF LIGTHING WITH EYE IN TAILOR WORKERS AT PAJAK HORAS PEMATANG SIANTAR IN 2023

Based on the Minister of Manpower, RI No. 05 of 2018 concerning occupational safety and health in the work environment, the standard lighting level for sewing work is 200 lux. Fatigue that is less than 200 lux can slow down work and result in work fatigue, especially eye fatigue, many complaints or symptoms due to eye fatigue complaints, namely headaches, loss of concentration, decreased opportunity to think and intellectual abilities. Eye fatigue is eye strain caused by the use of the sense of sight when working which requires the ability to see for a long time and is usually accompanied by uncomfortable viewing conditions, due to eye fatigue. The method of this research used a descriptive method with a cross-sectional design. The population of this research was 30 and the samples were selected using total sampling. Research data was obtained with a questionnaire instrument. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using chi square. The results showed that there were 17 respondents (56.7%) who had a sewing room with abnormal lighting. there is a relationship between lighting and eye fatigue (p=0.001).