Integration Of New Technologies Research Articles

Stakeholders’ views on the organisational factors affecting application of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) offers great potential for transforming healthcare delivery leading to better patient-outcomes and more efficient care delivery. However, despite these advantages, integration of AI in healthcare has not...

When Smart Systems Fail: The Ethics of Cyber–Physical Critical Infrastructure Risk

Critical infrastructure (CI) remains an important part of daily life in support of providing basic goods and services. Cyber–physical connections between CI systems and sectors continue to increase with the development and integration of new technology. We study the emerging threat landscape and ethical implications of cyber–physical connections within CI. Using both a comprehensive literature review and a coupled epistemic–ethical analysis, we provide evidence that new approaches in science, technology, and policy are necessary. We propose future research directions and emphasize the need for value transparency throughout the science policy landscape.

RPA - Robotic process automation: A review of the literature

A large number of organizations worldwide are currently facing various challenges, among which is a high degree ofdynamism, innovation and flexibility in order to achieve competitive advantage over other companies, for this reasonmany of them try to incorporate new technologies, among which is RPA - robotic process automation. Therefore, in thisdocument a literary review on RPA will be carried out, for which an investigation was carried out with the use of variousdocuments such as scientific articles, monographs, theses, publications, among others. Initially, a brief breakdown wasmade of the milestones or relevant concepts throughout the history of RPA; Subsequently, a characterization of theimportant aspects of digital transformation was carried out, and the pillars for its correct implementation. The followingis an in-depth look at the concept of RPA, some of its features and benefits. In addition, an analysis of some of the mostpopular and robust tools on the market was carried out. Among which are Uipath and Automation Anywhere; two of thepioneering companies in the development and integration of new technologies in their respective tools, positioningthemselves as the market leaders in recent years. The great relevance of the automation of processes in the market isidentified, in the same way the evolution of this type of technologies is evidenced, integrating each time concepts toachieve great robustness, efficiency and effectiveness within the tools used for the implementation of RPA.

Influence of virtual reality and 3D printing on architectural innovation evaluation based on quality of experience evaluation using fuzzy logic

In the last few years, the construction industry’s primary energydem and in developed economies accounted for 30%–40%, and technological innovation is considered to be an urgent need for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. New technological innovations are continually changing the way the construction industry is implemented. In the construction industry, artificial intelligence is beginning to change all aspects of the construction industry, in the field of equipment planning, overall layout, safety, management and other fields have caused many changes. The integration of new technologies has revolutionized the traditional construction industry, such as virtual reality technology and 3D printing technology. In this work, we propose a categorization for assessing Virtual reality and 3D printing of Architectural Innovation on the basis of quality of experience (QoE) metric Evaluation of virtual environment using Fuzzy Logic (FL) System. The simulation result is analysed based on the comparative analysis of user experience with Fuzzy logic estimation for perception of virtual environment. The result analysis validated that the proposed FL system replicates the user valuation for architecture innovation applications more precisely and accurately thus FL is efficient method for predicting the inclusive QoE of a virtual reality and 3D printing. This paper will recapitulate the expansion of the two techniques in the manufacture engineering, demeanor examination on the presentation of diverse skills in architectural innovation, as well as explain through real cases how these two techniques have an influence on the improvement of the manufacture engineering. Simultaneously, this paper discourses the limitations of technology mixing and put advancing opinions on the future development of the manufactureengineering.

Research regarding assembly flow optimization of wiring harness in automotive industry

Considering the strong need for improvement of security and multimedia systems in the automotive industry, wiring harness production is becoming more and more important. Adapting to the integration of new technologies on the vehicle is a challenge for wiring harnesses manufacturers. Now the production of wiring harnesses is still quite dependent on human resources, the way of distributing the workload on the workstations having a large share in increasing productivity. Components such as terminals, connectors and seals are getting smaller and smaller, making the manual handling more difficult. A solution to this problem could be increasing the automation degree in wiring harness production. The objective of the research topic approached in this article is to identify solutions for optimizing the wiring assembly flow by partially automating the production flow. The concern for the application of automated processes in the production of car wiring is not new, but so far, the wiring manufacturers have been more focused on automating the prefabrication of the elements that compose the harness and not the wiring harness assembly line. From an economic point of view, the automation of the assembly flow would increase productivity by reducing fabrication time and the uncertainty given by the human resource dependence.

Lock Down, Social Distancing and Mental Health during the COVID19Pandemic in African Settings: The Peopl

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the resolution of a total lockdown both in developed and developing countries. The lock-down has worsened the prevailing economic crisis; affected the health and political system; and exacerbated unemployment levels in African settings, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo. All these factors have had detrimental effects on the mental health of the affected population. We sought to provide insight into policy-relevant approaches including the integrative community-based organization, digital health; systematic screening of mental health problems in primary and clinical health care, given that failure to treat those who are emotionally affected will result in long-term social and economic outcomes. The primary health workforce should be trained and empowered to become incrementally efficient and to provide sustained mental health care services through digital health systems. Helping communities affected by COVID-19 to feel better mentally will require the integration of new technologies within primary health care to enable access to mental health screening and psychotherapy centered on a supportive therapy strategy, anger, and stress management. Furthermore, the establishment of personalized and integrative community-based mental health care will go a long way to assist mental health in developing countries characterized by a paucity of workers in order to achieve the coverage of mental health services during health emergencies. Any partnerships between the ministry of health and international organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic should plan for global commitment to increase the provision of needed mental health care services in the concerned communities.

Stereotactic hypofractive radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with lung cancer

Introduction. Nowadays the stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of patients with clinical stage I-II lung cancer is the choice of the treatment modality for functionally inoperable patients. It shows safety and high efficiency in reaching the local control. Though there is a range of unsolved issues connected with the prediction of treatment efficiency and frequency of complications, an integration of new technologies in the planning and treatment process allows to widen the search of the predictive factors.Materials and methods. Since 2014, 42 patients (T1N0M0 – 16 patients, T2N0M0 – 26 patients) with clinical stage I-IIa lung cancer have underwent SRT. The majority of patients (38) have been recognized as functionally inoperable due to the concurrent broncho-pulmonary pathology, 4 conditionally operable patients have refused an operation. 11 patients had the primary multiple tumors in their anamneses, 3 patients had a сentral tumor. Used dose fractionation options were: 10 Gy х 5 fractions (n = 29) and 7 Gy х 8 fractions (n = 13) – BED = 100 Gy.Resuts. The median follow-up was 32 months (range 6–56 months). The 3-year local control was 94%. The isolated local recurrences were not registered. Overall 3-year survival rate was 74% (95% CI, 60–90) and a 3-year tumor-specific survival rate – 84% (95% CI, 71–98). During one-factor analysis a reliable influence on the prognosis of the fractionation regimen (р = 0,04) and, close to reliability, the initial SUVmax level influence (р = 0,07) were revealed. Grade 3 pulmonary toxicity was observed in 4 (9%) patients, one patient with a Central tumor died from pulmonary hemorrhage (grade 5 toxicity). Grade 3 chest pain was observed in 3 (7%) patients, two of them had a rib fracture.Conclusions. With modern approaches to SRT treatment planning and delivery there should be a search for additional treatment efficiency and toxicity predictors. The total dose delivery regimen and initial tumor SUVmax can be predictive efficiency factors, while the pulmonary tissue volume can be a predictive toxicity factor.

Challenges in learning Anatomy by first MBBS students of 2016-17 batch its difficulties and assessment methods preferred by them - a feedback study

Introduction: The first year MBBS students as they walk into the medical colleges face multiple challenges in the first few months of their course. The subject of medical Anatomy and its subdivisions forms a vast portion of their overall curriculum in first year MBBS with maximum teaching hours. Students face disinterest, lack of understanding, inability to recall and are many a times unable to cope up with the demand of this subject. This study was undertaken to address the problems of students of 1st MBBS in learning Anatomy, methods to rectify these problems and assessment methods and interval as preferred by students. Objectives: 1. To detect the problems faced by students of 1st MBBS in learning Anatomy and view of students to proposed methods of rectification; 2. To analyze the students view regarding assessment methods and interval in Anatomy. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted on 150 MBBS students on completion of 1st MBBS exams by means of structured questionnaire distributed to them. Students were exposed to regular teaching methods in department of Anatomy and feedback of students regarding problems faced in learning Anatomy and their views regarding proposed rectification methods were obtained. The feedback of students on assessment methods and interval was also obtained. The results were analyzed. Results: Students faced problems in learning histology and this was because they were unable to identify slides. They also faced problems in understanding embryology. The assessment methods preferred by them was written test for theory in form of short answer questions [43%] and monthly assessment [55%] To rectify their problems, they felt more active learning methods like quiz, students seminars, and more frequent revisions to be integrated in the curriculum of Anatomy. Statistical analysis of both questionnaire was done using SSPS software and p value was Conclusion: This study thus evaluates the student’s opinion regarding Anatomy and its subdivisions. Thus, it calls for a better planning of the curriculum, assessment techniques, revision schedule, etc. to bring about a more effective and apprehensive teaching and learning of Anatomy. This study thus concludes that an integration of newer technologies with traditional methods of teaching Anatomy and active teaching would be beneficial for the students. Keywords: Feedback, Problems, Assesment, Students, Anatomy.

Why Do Humans Remain Central to the Knowledge Work in the Age of Robots? Marx’s Fragment on Machines and Beyond

The integration of new technologies into the process of production has recently resuscitated the question of world-without-work. Accounts that regard a workless future as a strong possibility often base their arguments on a body of work that upholds that new machines already tend to eliminate the category of work, including knowledge work. This article challenges this view by revisiting Marx’s Fragment on Machines through the lens of autonomist Marxist writings. It offers an answer to the research question, inscribed in the title, that in contemporary capitalism the principal source of value and wealth lies in the general intellect embodied in living labour, living-knowledge-as-mêtis, that cannot be crystallized in and reproduced by the system of machinery and organizational tools in any meaningful way. The political implications of this argument will be discussed in the conclusion.

INFORMATION MODEL OF THE STANDARDIZATION OBJECT AS THE BASIS OF DETERMINATION OF NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS WITH APPLICATION OF PARAMETRIC STANDARDIZATION METHOD

The article explains the viability of designing an information model of the standardization object (facilities or territory, their parts) as a foundation for setting statutory requirements using a parametric standardization method.
 To establish a contemporary normative base of the construction industry, one should comprehensively review methodological approaches to the definition of normative requirements for standardization objects. Normative assurance should be mobile and should promptly respond to changes in consumer needs regarding the forming environment and its elements. Therefore, development of a new concept of normative requirements is one of the crucial objectives in construction industry standard setting.
 The efficiency of normative assurance affects industry performance, the level of consumer satisfaction with the forming living conditions and human activities.
 An important step in creating the new concept is to develop the efficient information model of the standardization object, which will lie at the root of developing new up-to-date normative requirements. This information model should be based on consumer needs. It is worth mentioning that such an information model is a dynamic system because of constantly changing consumer demands and integration of new technologies and materials in construction operations.

The importance of multidisciplinary care for spine metastases: initial tumor management.

Spine metastases are very common in cancer patients often requiring urgent assessment and the initiation of therapy. Treatment paradigms have changed exponentially over the past decade with the evolution and integration of stereotactic body radiotherapy, minimally invasive spine techniques, and systemic options including biologics and checkpoint inhibitors. These advances necessitate multidisciplinary assessments and interventions to optimize outcomes. The NOMS framework provides a mechanism for all practitioners to evaluate the 4 sentinel assessments required to make decisions in patients with spine metastases: Neurologic, Oncologic, Mechanical Stability, and Systemic disease. The NOMS framework is continuously updated with the integration of newer technologies and evidence-based medicine as they become available. This paper presents the current iteration of NOMS with a focus on the role of medical and neuro-oncologists in the assessment and treatment of metastatic spine tumors.

Linking Social Cognition to Learning and Memory.

Many mammals have evolved to be social creatures. In humans, the ability to learn from others' experiences is essential to survival; and from an early age, individuals are surrounded by a social environment that helps them develop a variety of skills, such as walking, talking, and avoiding danger. Similarly, in rodents, behaviors, such as food preference, exploration of novel contexts, and social approach, can be learned through social interaction. Social encounters facilitate new learning and help modify preexisting memories throughout the lifespan of an organism. Moreover, social encounters can help buffer stress or the effects of negative memories, as well as extinguish maladaptive behaviors. Given the importance of such interactions, there has been increasing work studying social learning and applying its concepts in a wide range of fields, including psychotherapy and medical sociology. The process of social learning, including its neural and behavioral mechanisms, has also been a rapidly growing field of interest in neuroscience. However, the term "social learning" has been loosely applied to a variety of psychological phenomena, often without clear definition or delineations. Therefore, this review gives a definition for specific aspects of social learning, provides an overview of previous work at the circuit, systems, and behavioral levels, and finally, introduces new findings on the social modulation of learning. We contextualize such social processes in the brain both through the role of the hippocampus and its capacity to process "social engrams" as well as through the brainwide realization of social experiences. With the integration of new technologies, such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and calcium imaging, manipulating social engrams will likely offer a novel therapeutic target to enhance the positive buffering effects of social experiences or to inhibit fear-inducing social stimuli in models of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.

The negative and positive impact of the pandemic on education

Lately, a new outbreak of virus has influenced almost everything, partially or completely changing the normal stagnant life. It forced to introduce new approaches or to take actions to lessen the impact and to bring its to minimum. The influence did not pass by education, but dramatically changed it. Therefore, the following work outlines the influence of so-called COVID-19 on education. Both positive and negative influences will be discussed. And also, a comparison of COVID-19 with other similar spread of viruses that have occurred in the last two decades. Briefly will be outlined the positive influence of pandemic on education, for instance introduction or integration of new technologies into the system. Similarly, negative effect of pandemic will be presented covering mostly from perspective of learners. The influence of pandemic on academic performance of students was covered. To conclude, the escape of such dangerous virus is completely novel, if taking account its massive influence, thus the information that’s provided in this work might change and be outdated, as yet the problem is not fully covered.

International Air Cargo in Time of Crisis: Global Challenges and Modal Shift Provide Transformational Opportunity in Commerce and Law

The current pandemic has elevated the critical need for a dependable, resilient, air cargo supply chain to the forefront of commercial and legal discussion. Throughout its history, air cargo has evolved in parallel with other unimodal means of cargo transport into a global multimodal transport paradigm. The unimodal legal regimes governing individual modes of cargo transport have not kept pace with the growth and development of global cargo transport and its associated legal issues. The unimodal regimes do not adequately reflect the relational, commercial, and operational realities of the contemporary global multimodal supply chain. The authors identify key changes in air cargo and multimodal supply chain logistics and relationships, and discuss the resulting contemporary legal issues that have emerged and must be addressed. The authors advocate that a multimodal cargo transport regime is needed to reflect these current realities and to accommodate future multimodal evolution. At a minimum, update and integration of the Warsaw, Montreal, and CMR conventions is indicated. The authors emphasize the essential need for continued integration of new technologies and complete digitalization of the air cargo supply chain in order adequately to prepare for the global multimodal cargo transport paradigm of tomorrow. aviation, air cargo, CMR, Warsaw Convention, Montreal Convention, unimodal, multimodal, global multimodal supply chain, digitalization, technology

Annual performance analysis of the PV/T system for the heat demand of a low-energy single-family building

The interest in the energy efficiency of buildings and the integration of new technologies to reduce the heating and cooling loads through the building envelope is not new. The European Union (EU) is committed to decarbonising its building stock as almost 50% of the Union’s final energy consumption is for heating and cooling, of which 80% is used in buildings. The article analysis the performance of a PV/T system (with a heat mat) for the heat demand of a low-energy two-zone, single-family building during the year. For this purpose, a building model was built in TRNSYS using Multizone building model and TRNbuild in two variants of heating (internal - as reference and external). Then the building model was connected to a mechanical ventilation system providing heating during winter for which the heat source is a PV/T system to demonstrate if the heating requirements for the household can be provided during different seasons of the year. Additionally, it was indicated how much energy consumption reduction can be obtained in comparison to the case when a heating unit is used.

Learning Engineering and Reengineering for Online and Hybrid Environments: A Case Study of a Blended Course

The transformative actions in education, driven by the social changes in our contemporary society, aim to adapt individuals to the new socio-economic environment. As a result, the digitalisation of adult education takes on a significant role, in response to the need for constant and less time-consuming training. How does the use of new technologies in adult education contribute to the reconfiguration of learning engineering? The aim of this article is to examine the current transformations in education, better understand the recent developments induced by blended learning and the effects observed in adults. To do so, we conducted a case study on adult learners during the academic years 2018-2020. The experimentation consisted in transforming a face-to-face course into a blended course. The presentation and analysis of the engineering of the blended learning scenario attempts to answer the following question: How does blended learning transform the practices of accompaniment, support or coaching (Papadopoulou, 2020)? As for the analysis of the three questionnaires proposed to the students, it aims to answer the question: How does the introduction of blended courses effect the adult learners? Thus, cross-analysis of the collected data provides results about the transformations of practices caused by the integration of new technologies in adult education.

Geography Teachers’ Knowledge of and Perceptions on Dyslexia

At all levels of education, teachers are actively involved in improving students’ learning outcomes and developing their own pedagogical experience. As a consequence, the teacher’s role in managing learning difficulties is of particular importance. This research investigates secondary school geography teachers’ knowledge of and perceptions of dyslexia. For research purposes, 61 questionnaires were distributed to secondary teachers teaching geography all over Greece. The questionnaire included a total of 30 questions about demographic and personal information, teachers’ knowledge of and perceptions of dyslexia, and teaching approaches they adopt while teaching geography. The research examined teachers’ willingness to use teaching tools and innovative approaches that would help all students and, more specifically, dyslexics. The responses were coded using SPSSv.23.00. The results show that teachers’ knowledge of dyslexia is contradictory, as most teachers (93.4%) believe that dyslexia affects students’ performance only in language courses, whereas a smaller percentage of teachers (just 27.8%) believe that dyslexic students also find it difficult to participate in science courses, and only 26.2% believe they face difficulties in orientation as well. Teachers also have unclear views on how to manage dyslexia and how to implement effective teaching strategies. The results show the importance of geography teachers’ training on dyslexia and the integration of new technology in teaching dyslexic students.

Spatiotemporal strategies to identify aggressive biology in precancerous breast biopsies.

Over 90% of breast cancer is cured; yet there remain highly aggressive breast cancers that develop rapidly and are extremely difficult to treat, much less prevent. Breast cancers that rapidly develop between breast image screening are called “interval cancers.” The efforts of our team focus on identifying multiscale integrated strategies to identify biologically aggressive precancerous breast lesions. Our goal is to identify spatiotemporal changes that occur prior to development of interval breast cancers. To accomplish this requires integration of new technology. Our team has the ability to perform single cell in situ transcriptional profiling, noncontrast biological imaging, mathematical analysis, and nanoscale evaluation of receptor organization and signaling. These technological innovations allow us to start to identify multidimensional spatial and temporal relationships that drive the transition from biologically aggressive precancer to biologically aggressive interval breast cancer.This article is categorized under:Cancer > Computational ModelsCancer > Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyCancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics

Error Modeling in Distribution Network State Estimation Using RBF-Based Artificial Neural Network

State estimation is essential to access observable network models for online monitoring and analyzing of power systems. Due to the integration of distributed energy resources and new technologies, state estimation in distribution systems would be necessary. However, accurate input data are essential for an accurate estimation along with knowledge on the possible correlation between the real and pseudo measurements data. This study presents a new approach to model errors for the distribution system state estimation purpose. In this paper, pseudo measurements are generated using a couple of real measurements data by means of the artificial neural network method. In the proposed method, the radial basis function network with the Gaussian kernel is also implemented to decompose pseudo measurements into several components. The robustness of the proposed error modeling method is assessed on IEEE 123-bus distribution test system where the problem is optimized by the imperialist competitive algorithm. The results evidence that the proposed method causes to increase in detachment accuracy of error components which results in presenting higher quality output in the distribution state estimation.

New technologies to succeed the rooting process of rootstocks in agriculture engineering in Vitro

The aim of this article is to illustrate the integration of new technologies in agricultural sector, especially in biotechnology laboratories in Vitro. The new technology applying in this project is an automation process of virus - symptom detection in the micro –cut rootstocks that are planted on nutrient medium. Additionally, the comparative analysis of laboratories with and without an automation process on subject-rooted plants in Vitro on the same nutrient medium will be also studied. The annual profit was in this project calculated to be 1.8 mln Russian ruble due to the integration of an automatic system into the laboratory in Vitro.