Integrated Energy Storage Research Articles

Integration of wind farm, energy storage and demand response for optimum management of generation and carbon emission

AbstractThe optimal operation of power systems is one of the most critical issues for operators. Optimizing the operation of power systems while accommodating the increasing penetration of RES, owing to the intermittent and variable nature of these resources, stands as one of the most critical challenges for power systems. Numerous primary challenges, including fluctuations in load and nonlinear constraints, further complicate the issue, given its substantial dimensions. Therefore, this paper introduces an approach for improving the management of optimal generation and the associated carbon emissions costs of traditional power plants, which is achieved through integrating wind farms and incorporating battery energy storage. This enhancement is achieved by integrating wind farms and utilizing battery storage systems while considering the costs associated with traditional units using fossil fuels and the expenses related to carbon emissions. The simulation incorporates seven load customer types and five traditional generation sources integrated with wind farms and battery storage devices. The simulation results demonstrate that the new problem formulation has significantly improved the ability and performance of optimizing the scheduling of power plant generations.

Rethinking Safe Policy Learning for Complex Constraints Satisfaction: A Glimpse in Real-Time Security Constrained Economic Dispatch Integrating Energy Storage Units

Rethinking Safe Policy Learning for Complex Constraints Satisfaction: A Glimpse in Real-Time Security Constrained Economic Dispatch Integrating Energy Storage Units

Scheduling Model for a Trigeneration System With Energy Storage Unit: A Hospital Application

Over the last three COVID-19 effective years, it was evident that healthcare has been the most sensitive sector to electricity failures. Therefore, if well developed and implemented, a microgrid system with an integrated energy storage system (ESS) installed in hospitals has great potential to provide an uninterrupted and low-energy cost solution. In this article, we target to show the importance of the installed ESS against the problems that will arise from power outages and energy quality problems in hospitals. Besides, it aims to construct an energy management system (EMS) based on the scheduling model to meet the lowest cost of a system containing solar panels, microturbine, gas boiler, and energy storage units that are repurposed lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles and thermal storage tank. EMS is a mixed-integer linear program to meet the hospital's electricity, heating, and cooling demands with the lowest cost for every hour. The established scheduling model is run for a hospital in Antioch, Türkiye, with 197 beds, 4 operating rooms, 2 resuscitation units, and 9 intensive care units for every hour based on the data in 2019. With the EMS, approximately 25% savings were achieved compared to the previous energy cost. Furthermore, as the result of the net present value calculation, the payback period of the proposed system is estimated to be approximately seven years.

A Tri-port DC-DC Converter for Bifacial PV Panels Coupled with Energy Storage

Abstract The power output of photovoltaic (PV) systems, especially bifacial modules, varies due to daily fluctuations in irradiance and temperature. Maximising the efficiency and power extraction are considered crucial. Hybrid DC off-grid topologies are highly promising for rural electrification with solar energy and battery backup. These systems, tailored for household appliance use, feature low semiconductor count, continuous current ports for PV, battery and DC loads, low-voltage levels for PV and battery, voltage regulation for DC loads, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), proper battery charging and discharging, high-voltage boosting without low-frequency transformers and reduced power converter stages. However, the existing schemes often lack the above-mentioned critical features. Hence, this paper proposes a novel three-switch tri-port converter with integrated energy storage for stand-alone bifacial PV applications, with modelling and experimental validation. The battery serves as an energy storage component, regulating the DC link voltage for consistency. This paper underscores PV system power optimisation and introduces a novel tri-port converter for stand-alone bifacial PV setups, emphasising energy storage’s role in voltage regulation.

Unveiling the recent advances in micro-electrode materials and configurations for sodium-ion micro-batteries

The recent advances in portable and smart devices require modern microelectronics to be miniaturized, leading to the need for small, lightweight, reliable, and on-chip integrated energy storage systems like rechargeable micro-batteries (μBs).

A multi-scenario evaluation of the energy transition mechanism in the Philippines towards decarbonization

The Philippines relies heavily on fossil fuels for energy, posing environmental issues. To counter this, the study suggests increasing the use of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. By optimizing the electricity supply mix, the study shows that coal usage can be reduced by 37.23%, with solar power accounting for 20.07% and wind power accounting for 8.83% without using Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). By incorporating Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and scaling up the utilization of solar and wind power, which is aligned with the country's 2030 target, coal consumption can be reduced by 30.44%. However, transmission expansion may have limited effects due to the country's archipelagic nature. Therefore, a decentralized approach is necessary to minimize coal usage and encourage renewable energy sources. The study uses linear programming optimization methods to explore scenarios that can mitigate climate change by increasing solar and wind power use, reducing coal usage, and investigating the benefits of transmission line expansion and energy storage integration for enhancing grid flexibility.

Integration of solar receiver and thermal energy storage into a single unit in concentrating solar plants

Abstract Integrating solar receivers and thermal energy storage in a concentrating solar thermal plant helps to enhance plant efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Here, we provide an overview of the technology to unify solar receivers and thermal energy storage into a single system. We discuss the advantages, challenges, and prospects associated with this innovative approach. This emerging technology has the potential to improve overall thermal performance and facilitate operation of high-temperature dispatchable concentrating solar thermal systems.

Challenges and Solutions for Integration of Energy Storage Systems in Hot Desert Regions

The increasing utilization of solar renewable energy sources in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) regions, including countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar, highlights the pressing need for energy storage systems (ESS) to ensure grid stability. ESS can store excess energy during peak generation and supply it during periods of low generation or high demand. However, the harsh environmental conditions and extreme temperatures that are typical of hot desert regions can impact the performance and lifespan of ESS, creating unique integration challenges.Our work explores these challenges and offers solutions for integrating energy storage systems in hot desert regions. Our research shows that while the integration of ESS in hot desert regions is technically feasible and economically viable, it requires careful planning, design, and maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. The solutions we present in this work can provide valuable guidance for engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders who are working towards a sustainable and resilient energy future in hot desert regions.During the presentation, I will delve into the specific challenges that the harsh environmental conditions and extreme temperatures in hot desert regions pose for the integration of energy storage systems. I will provide examples of how these challenges can impact the performance and lifespan of ESS. Furthermore, I will highlight the solutions that we have identified and presented in our research, which can help overcome the challenges and improve the effectiveness of energy storage systems in hot desert regions.

On the impact of tidal generation and energy storage integration in PV-rich electric distribution systems

Deep decarbonization of power system operations requires the maximal utilization of available renewable resources. At distribution-level operations, however, grid operators can face numerous challenges in integrating renewables at scale owing to the inherent intermittence of renewable energy resources. These include phenomena such as voltage fluctuations, which are typically mitigated through control actuators such as on-load tap changers (OLTC) as well as energy storage devices, such as battery energy storage systems (BESS). On the one hand, high intermittence of the available renewable portfolio may require increasingly aggressive control of actuators, thereby accelerating the probability of equipment failure. On the other hand, integrating BESS operations and having a diverse renewable generation portfolio can typically help stagger power/energy flow to mitigate the aforementioned adverse impacts. In this paper, we employ a Bayesian framework for equipment lifetime estimation to understand the impact of including tidal energy resources and BESS in distribution system operations for feeders having substantial distribution photovoltaic generation. Our results indicate that while tidal energy alone may slightly decrease equipment reliability, the adverse impact on reliability is significantly magnified by a generation portfolio consisting of tidal generation and photovoltaic generation. We also study the tidal and photovoltaic hosting capacity problem with and without energy storage systems using equipment reliability as an added constraint. We conclude that energy storage increases the reliability-constrained hosting capacity of the distribution system.

Thermal performance of parabolic trough integrated with thermal energy storage using carbon dioxide, molten salt, and oil

Finding clean and affordable energy sources is the focus of extensive research efforts globally. A primary approach to achieving that is through improving the performance and economic competitiveness of renewable energy systems. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) solar plants are mature renewable solutions to reduce current dependence on fossil fuels. However, in these plants, heat is transferred within the subsystems using a heat transfer fluid (HTF) that is primarily molten salt or synthetic oil. These HTF options play an important role in the thermal and economic performance of the solar power plant. In this paper, supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) is investigated as an economical alternative to the costly molten salt and Therminol-PV1. Therefore, comparative heat transfer, energy, and exergy analyses are conducted for a PTC plant with s-CO2, Therminol-VP1, and molten salt as an HTF. A heat transfer model is developed for the PTC in one- and two-dimensions to accurately evaluate heat losses. In addition, the energy and exergy concepts are used to compare the thermal performance of these HTFs. In contrast to previous studies that were limited to PTC, we considered the integration of thermal energy storage (TES) with both Therminol-PV1 and molten salt as a storage medium for a full-day operating cycle. The PTC performance while using these HTFs under various operating and design conditions is examined, including variation in wind velocity, beam radiation, and pressurized s-CO2 operation. The results show that the considered HTFs are achieving comparable energy and exergy efficiencies within the PTC. Furthermore, the Therminol-PV1 has an advantage of compact storage volume compared with molten salt, about one-third; nevertheless, the latter exhibits higher TES energy and exergy efficiencies. This comparative analysis reveals that the s-CO2 can replace synthetic oil and molten salt in the PTC loop.

From Zero Energy to Zero Power Buildings: A new paradigm for a sustainable transition of the building stock

This research introduces an innovative method aimed at evaluating building energy performance within urban environments and communities, departing from the conventional Zero Energy Building (ZEB) concept and introducing the Zero Power Building (ZPB) framework. This approach, overcoming the limitations of the ZEB concept, offers a holistic definition in line with the goal of achieving a Zero-emission Building stock. By employing a power balance assessment coupled with dynamic Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), this methodology surpasses traditional techniques, providing a more accurate assessment of energy consumption and generation patterns. The method was applied to a district case study encompassing seven nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs), demonstrating its potential efficacy. Findings indicate how the proposed framework can accurately evaluate the integration of energy storage and sharing strategies, increasing the Zero Power target from 29 % to 51 % of annual hours. KPIs were also dynamically examined at the building and district level, introducing the concept of KPI accuracy and identifying pivotal hourly patterns to guide a sustainable transistion. The adoption of the Zero Power Building framework and the utilization of dynamic KPIs offer viable solutions to address conventional limitations in building energy assessments. This approach aids in guiding targeted energy efficiency measures aimed at fostering sustainable and Zero-emission Communities.

Retracted: Impact of Grid Integrated Energy Storage Systems with Phasor Measuring Units for Secured Data Control Using Metaheuristic

Retracted: Impact of Grid Integrated Energy Storage Systems with Phasor Measuring Units for Secured Data Control Using Metaheuristic

Optimizing Induction Wind Energy System with EDLC and PMSG for Efficient Power Control

This paper represents a comprehensive study on the optimization of an Induction Wind Energy System (IWEC) integrated with Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) and a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) to enhance power control in the quest for sustainable and efficient energy conversion systems. As wind energy plays a pivotal role in the renewable energy landscape, maximizing its conversion efficiency is crucial for a sustainable future. Advanced control strategies and optimization techniques are applied to delve into the intricate details of the IWEC-EDLC-PMSG system, resulting in improved power quality, enhanced transient response, and superior grid integration capabilities. The research demonstrates that this integrated configuration outperforms conventional wind energy systems in terms of efficiency, grid compatibility, and dynamic response. Moreover, the study addresses key aspects like system stability, fault tolerance, and reliability, ensuring the robustness of this innovative solution. In addition to advancing wind energy technology, this research offers valuable insights into integrating energy storage systems and advanced control techniques for efficient power control in renewable energy applications, contributing to a sustainable energy future.

Carbon dots as multifunctional electrolyte additives toward multicolor and low self-discharge electrochromic energy storage devices

Electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs), integrating energy storage and electrochromism into one cell that can change appearance based on their working states, are presently attracting considerable attention in a wide range of applications. EESDs with long-term stability, multicolor display and slow self-discharge rate are highly desired to broaden their practical applications. However, considering the complexity of integrating various components and multi-layer configurations, obtaining high-performance EESDs with exceptionally aesthetic versatility and excellent anti-self-discharge function via simple approaches is still a big challenge. Herein, a novel concept of EESD with multicolor electrochromic displays and low self-discharge rate was successfully designed and fabricated via employing carbon dots (CDs) as electrolyte additives. The prototype EESD could not only present vivid colors in 2D regional space but also exhibit remarkable electrochromic and electrochemical performances, such as fast switching responses (4.3/5.6 s for the coloration/bleaching processes), high coloration efficiency (∼134.8 cm2 C − 1), high volumetric power/energy density (364 mW cm−3/34.7 mWh cm−3 and 7420 mW cm−3/17.4 mWh cm−3), along with outstanding cycling stability. Furthermore, the as-fabricated EESD can also demonstrate a reversible and steady electrochromic and electrochemical behavior under harsh temperatures between -25 °C and 65 °C, presenting enormous potential for consumers to monitor the working status of electronics in full-temperature conditions. Encouragingly, the resultant EESD exhibits slow self-discharge rate (such as 10.2 mVh−1at -25 °C, 19.4 mVh−1at 20 °C and 26.5 mVh−1at 65 °C), which are comparable with some previous researches that based on electrolyte anti-self-discharge modification. It is envisioned that this work may provide a feasible strategy to develop multifunctional EESDs for broad applications in military camouflage and intelligent electronics.

Deterministic power management strategy for fast charging station with integrated energy storage system

With the increasing expansion of fast-charging stations (FCS) and the emergence of high-power electric vehicles (EVs), the development of management strategies to address potential grid disturbances becomes necessary. In this context, this paper proposes an optimized power management strategy for an FCS with integrated battery energy storage systems (BESS). The proposed strategy aims to monitor the variation in AC voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) and the state of charge (SOC) of the BESS, with the objective of establishing a deterministic formulation to find the optimal instantaneous BESS power level. Therefore, by using the proposed approach, it is possible to compensate for potential fluctuations in AC voltage while maintaining the BESS SOC at appropriate levels. The results are obtained through a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform to verify the system behavior under distinct parameters or operating conditions. These results demonstrate the control flexibility by prioritizing the AC voltage regulation or the BESS charging. Furthermore, the impact of the proposed power management strategy is investigated by performing a comparison with the system without BESS integration. It is observed that the proposed control strategy effectively regulates the PCC voltage and maintains it within acceptable limits.

Design and control of modular multilevel matrix converter with symmetrically integrated energy storage for low frequency AC system

AbstractIntegrating energy storage units (ESUs) into part of sub‐modules (SMs) enables the decoupling active power control for the modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C). The low frequency AC (LFAC) system based on M3C with symmetrically integrated energy storage (SI‐AM3C) can provide functions such as renewable power fluctuation smoothing and other power grid auxiliary services, which is attractive in engineering practices. This paper focuses on the design and control of SI‐AM3C. For the converter design, an evaluation method for the number of required active SMs (ASMs) is presented. On this basis, the influences of different system operating conditions on the ASM requirement are analyzed in case studies, and the effects of specific circulating injection strategies are also investigated. The control system targeted at decoupled AC side active power for SI‐AM3C is introduced. A modified inner‐arm capacitor voltage balance strategy is introduced to reduce the capacitor voltage deviation between ASMs and passive SMs (PSMs). The conclusions related to the presented estimation method and converter control strategy are verified by time‐domain simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC.

Co-Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources Under Time-of-Use Pricing Frame

Abstract Distributed energy resources (DERs) have been considered as a promising solution due to the benefits on efficiency and environmental sides. However, despite the rapid development of distributed energy resources and technologies, the share of distributed energy generation is still small in comparison to that of traditional generation. Time-of-use (TOU) pricing can be an important incentive strategy to encourage the penetration of distributed energy resources. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization considering the time-of-use pricing impacts is proposed to determine the optimal configuration and capacity of distributed energy resources involving different technologies, including solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal collector (STC), combined heating and power system (CHP), and integrated energy storage (ES). The distributed energy resources are designed to satisfy the electric and thermal load of commercial buildings (large hotels and medium offices) partially or entirely. The proposed multi-objective optimization is utilized to configure the optimal combination of distributed energy technologies as well as the system capacity to reduce both the cost and environmental impact of the system in different locations. Results show that the proposed optimization method can achieve a trade-off between system cost and environmental impact based on the existing time-of-use pricing structure.

A Review of Potential Electrochemical Applications in Buildings for Energy Capture and Storage.

The integration of distributed renewable energy technologies (such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)) into buildings, especially in space-constrained urban areas, offers sustainable energy and helps offset fossil-fuel-related carbon emissions. However, the intermittent nature of these distributed renewable energy sources can negatively impact the larger power grids. Efficient onsite energy storage solutions capable of providing energy continuously can address this challenge. Traditional large-scale energy storage methods like pumped hydro and compressed air energy have limitations due to geography and the need for significant space to be economically viable. In contrast, electrochemical storage methods like batteries offer more space-efficient options, making them well suited for urban contexts. This literature review aims to explore potential substitutes for batteries in the context of solar energy. This review article presents insights and case studies on the integration of electrochemical energy harvesting and storage into buildings. The seamless integration can provide a space-efficient source of renewable energy for new buildings or existing structures that often have limited physical space for retrofitting. This work offers a comprehensive examination of existing research by reviewing the strengths and drawbacks of various technologies for electrochemical energy harvesting and storage, identifying those with the potential to integrate into building skins, and highlighting areas for future research and development.

Probabilistic Power Flow Optimization of Source Network Load Storage in AC/DC Systems Based on SOC Characteristics

The randomness and fluctuation of wind turbines and photovoltaics affect the optimal operation of the power system. This paper aims to mitigate wind and solar fluctuations by integrating energy storage systems (ESS). One crucial metric for assessing the performance of energy storage systems is state of charge (SOC). Therefore, this paper proposes a power flow optimization method based on SOC characteristics. Firstly, we consider the uncertainties on both the generation and load sides of the power system and establish a source load model. Subsequently, an analysis of the SOC characteristics of the ESS is conducted, and associated constraints are provided. Then, a power flow model for the AC-DC system with voltage source converter (VSC) is developed based on the source load storage configuration. The optimization model is formulated as a multi-objective problem, utilizing penalty functions to minimize the overall economic cost, system losses, and line voltage deviations. Finally, the proposed method is validated through simulation analysis using an enhanced IEEE 30-node system as a case study. The simulation results confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the presented approach.

Energy assessment for integration of concrete thermal energy storage with low-grade solar power generation system

Energy assessment for integration of concrete thermal energy storage with low-grade solar power generation system