Development Of Economic Integration Research Articles

Progresses of financial geography and implications

Financial geography is a branch of economic geography and also a crossdiscipline using the methods of geography to analyze problems in the financial field. Financial geography as a discipline has existed for more than half a century. Along with the development of financialiaztion and globalization of the financial sector, the financial industry has become an important factor affecting the global economy. In the past three decades, research in financial geography has achieved new progresses internationally. Especially, the global financial crisis originated from the United States in 2007 was an important turning point in the development of financial geography research abroad, and a large number of financial geography literature has emerged since this crisis. Partly due to the crisis, research in financial geography has entered a flourishing stage. In this article, we collect, reorganize, and analyze the results of financial geography research abroad for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject. Based on 245 articles related to financial geography extracted from 13 international geographical journals from 1980 to May 2013, this article first discusses the research progresses on several major issues in financial geography, including the locations and influencing factors of financial centers, the distribution and regional influences of banks, financial exclusion, the changes in geography of stock markets, the regional differences of pensions, the spatial agglomeration and investment proximity of venture capital, financialization, and financial crisis. Characteristics of the research of financial geography abroad are divided into three aspects: first,both the number of articles and the research topics are increasing continuously from the early 1980 s, and particularly the number of articles began to increase more rapidly since 2007; second, the research areas expand from the developed countries to the developing countries and China has been an important research area since 2005;third, the research community is diverse, including geographers and economists. Compared with the financial geography abroad, financial geography in China is far from sufficient in depth and breadth. This article aims to provide references for financial geography research in China by examining the financial geography abroad. The research of financial geography in China began to develop from the beginning of the twenty-first century, but it is still very limited and at a preliminary stage by this date. With the reform and rising influence of China's capital market, the research of financial geography in China is facing an unprecedented opportunity: first, China's financial markets are growing at a rapid speed and a multi-level capital market has been formed; second, the socioeconomic conditions in China are different from the Western countries, such as economic foundations, development patterns, cultural traditions and so on; third, along with the development of economic integration, financial linkages among all countries are enhanced greatly and the international financial markets are becoming increasingly more complicated than ever before. Therefore, there will be more challenges in the future development of research of financial geography in China and geographers in China should and could contribute more on the studies in financial geography.

English

The integration of economic development and environmental management has become a major concern for society, businesses and governments, especially during the past century. A desk review was carried out to examine the various forest resource management systems used in Ethiopia over the past half century. Forest resources in Ethiopia have been managed with different intentions and motivations at different times; these management systems can be broadly categorized by prominent resource management paradigms, like frontiers economics, deep ecology, environmental protection, resource management, and eco-development. Three main forest development periods are identified: pre-derge environmental protection, derge regime environmental protection and frontiers economics, and post-derge resource management and environmental protection. We suggest that for long-term sustainable forest management to succeed, a combination of resource management and eco-development paradigms should be promoted. Key words: Ethiopia, natural resource, natural resource management paradigm, forest, forest degradation.

THE PROSPECTS OF ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

The world trading environment has changed during the last three decades, especially on the increasingtendency of regionalization. While ubiquitous regionalization is regarded as the newnecessity, recent studies provide mixed views on the effectiveness of the current development ofeconomic integration among the member countries of Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN). ASEAN regionalization has been commenced through AFTA in 1992 and recentlyASEAN is moving toward further economic integration under the ASEAN Economic Community(AEC), which is planned to be implemented by 2015. Based on the characteristics of the ASEANtrade and investments, this research provides an outlook on the prospect of AEC. First, it providespicture related to the tendency of each of the ASEAN members in regard to their tradingpatterns. Second, it provides the outlook concerning the current structure and developmentalphases of the ASEAN economies. Finally, it provides information about the gaps of developmentamong the ASEAN economies, particularly between the ASEAN-6 and the ASEAN-CLMV.

Интеграция стран Восточноазиатского саммита и интересы США

The article is devoted to the development of economic integration in Asian-Pacific Region. The author analyses integration structures created in the region (both formal and informal) and modern concepts of East Asian integration from the point of economic and political interests of its active participants, such as China and Japan. The research of the U.S. strategic interests takes a special place in the article as they have substantial economic and political potential to influence the development of integration in APR.

Universities, the Second Academic Revolution and Regional Development: A Tale (Solely) Made of “Techvalleys”?

Universities are crucial organizations in the knowledge society. As such, a new social contract between academia and society is being developed, inducing significant dynamics of change in academia. Change is configured by the integration of economic development in the mission realm of universities, together with teaching and research, which set off an academic revolution. This revolutionary move within academia is being scholarly analysed mostly from the perspective of technology transfer and spin-off firms' development. Taking into account the nature and challenges of the contemporary society, this paper acknowledges that these dominant approaches to the changing academic mission provide an incomplete picture of the role universities can play in development processes. Accordingly, it uses a broader perspective on the academic revolution in order to detail the developmental role played by higher education and the relevant development resources that universities can provide and left out of the mainstreamed picture. It suggests that the need for broadening the perspective gains increased relevance when trying to know more about the role universities play in regional development. It asserts that universities, as regional development agents, are essential to help regions to combine and mobilize the knowledge and relational resources that nourish the capacity for collective action, i.e. to build up regional institutional capacity.

Eco-economic Constructions of Agricultural Region:A case study on Fujian province, China

Abstract The agro-eco-economy is the best mode for agriculture development. The core of the agro-eco-economy requires a harmony between economic development and eco-environment in agriculture. According to the current situation of agriculture development in Fujian province some viewpoints of agro-eco-economic constructions including transfering the regional superiority to market superiority, implementing the strategy of saving agricultural resources,establishing the mechanism of ecological compensation are confirmed. The integration of economic development and ecological protection should be made in a rural area.

디자인 컨설턴트 발전을 통한 디자이너의 가치 향상

The design consultancy, with the development of economic integration, globalization of industrial design, technology revolution in the world and social economy, has come into being and grown gradually, which has injected new energy for the innovation of products and the expansion of new markets. Meanwhile, designers` function and their means to create value have started to diversify, instead of the single one, designing products only. As far as the thesis is concerned, it introduces relevant literature first so that basic concept, classification and etc. of the present design consultation are given. Second, with the help of certain research in advance, it shows the growth and the trend of design consultancy in UK, Japan and South Korea, as well as designers` progress and the diversion of their function with economy development. Finally, the conclusion is given on the basis of the ambiguity of designers` function in industrial design consultation in present corporations. Besides, it points out what roles are likely to be played by designers, as the planner of the whole project, the maker of the strategy, the provider of the whole program, the guide of clients and the supplier of related database, while providing industrial design consultation.

Industrial Diversity, Trade Patterns, and Productivity Convergence

AbstractRecent developments in economic integration show rather diverse patterns of integration in the world economy. Some countries remain predominantly in the low‐tech industries whereas other countries succeed in becoming competitive in high‐tech industries as well. The authors postulate that a country positioning itself at the lower end of the spectrum of high‐tech industries is more favorable to its long‐term development than aiming at the upper end of low‐tech industries. They argue that countries which specialize in the lower end of the medium–high‐tech activities are rewarded by faster productivity increases also in the upper end of the high‐tech industries. In contrast, early specialization in medium–low‐tech branches yields positive spillovers, mainly in the low‐tech sector, which is not conducive to increasing activity in high‐tech industries. The authors sketch a theoretical outline of this idea and present econometric results, including four aggregate manufacturing branches across 37 countries.

The New Face of CEFTA and its Dispute Resolution Mechanisms

AbstractAmendments made to the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in 2006 mark significant developments in the economic integration of the Western Balkans. Among those amendments were changes to the Agreement's dispute resolution mechanism. This article analyzes the latest developments in economic integration in the Western Balkans and examines the nature and operation of the dispute resolution mechanisms used in CEFTA. Explanations for important changes to the dispute settlement process in CEFTA are suggested by examining the context of the members' economic, political, social and legal surroundings. The article surveys ongoing tendencies in the development of dispute resolution mechanisms in other regional trade agreements, in particular those utilized by the European Union (EU), as a means of exploring the rationale behind the new CEFTA. It argues that the EU practice—developed in EU association agreements with third countries—has inspired the 2006 amendments to the CEFTA dispute resolution mechanism.

Livelihoods, Local Knowledge and the Integration of Economic Development and Conservation Concerns in the Lower Tana River Basin

Livelihoods, Local Knowledge and the Integration of Economic Development and Conservation Concerns in the Lower Tana River Basin

Monetary Factor in Economic Integration of the CIS Countries

On the basis of experienсe of international regional economic unions the authors prove the necessity of monetary cooperation among the CIS countries as a precondition of development of economic integration in the CIS. Basic principles of the concept of monetary and financial cooperation of the CIS countries developed at the Institute of Market Problems of RAS are discussed. The authors propose a new system of multilateral payments and settlements among the CIS countries in order to enhance their mutual economic cooperation.

Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development

We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining income levels around the world, using recently developed instrumental variables for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of institutions “trumps” everything else. Once institutions are controlled for, conventional measures of geography have at best weak direct effects on incomes, although they have a strong indirect effect by influencing the quality of institutions. Similarly, once institutions are controlled for, trade is almost always insignificant, and often enters the income equation with the “wrong” (i.e., negative) sign. We relate our results to recent literature, and where differences exist, trace their origins to choices on samples, specification, and instrumentation.

‘Struggling with Sustainability’: Weak and Strong Interpretations of Sustainable Development within Local Authority Policy

In recent years there has been a growing interest in sustainable development as a guiding principle to allow the integration of economic development and the environment within policy and strategy. At all levels of policymaking a major emphasis has been placed upon the local scale as the most appropriate for the delivery of such policies and initiatives, with a particular stress upon local authorities as the major delivery mechanism. Though it is often assumed that this integration is relatively unproblematic, this paper indicates that this is not the case. The paper draws upon research with urban local authorities in England and Wales, which reveals that there are varying interpretations of the environment within local authorities, reflecting environmental and economic development perspectives. In each case, however, these are effectively interpretations which tend towards the ‘weak’ end of a sustainability spectrum and it is suggested that such divergent interpretations of sustainability are hindering integrative activity and the potential for introducing ‘strong’ sustainability measures.

On course for a sustainable future? European environmental policy and local economic development

Abstract Local authorities are increasingly faced with demands and pressures to become much more responsive to environmental issues. International agreements and national legislation all put an emphasis on the local level as the most appropriate scale for action and on local authorities as the most appropriate bodies to take such action. One area of local authority competence where environmental issues have made a limited impact to date is in economic development. Yet the concept of sustainable development which forms the basis of national and European legislation and policy necessitates the integration of economic development with the environment. In this paper the main features of European policy with regard to the environment are outlined and the implications for European funding of local authority economic development strategies are examined.

Social Investment in Jobs: Foundation Perspectives on Targeted Economic Development during the 1990s

Dramatic changes in the U.S. urban labor markets have encouraged experimentation with development projects that explicitly combine poverty alleviation and economic development. A diverse set of jobs projects, which collectively might be called targeted economic development, emphasize the short-term provision of decent jobs through the integration of economic development, employment training, and human services. This review draws on recent foundation surveys, evaluation studies, and replication efforts to describe targeted economic development strategies such as employment brokering, sectoral interventions, human services employment, spatial mobility, capitalization/-enterprise development, and collaboration. Projects usually combine multiple strategies and are distinctively entrepreneurial, market oriented, networked, empowering, integrative, and community based. Many projects, however, exist in isolation, a product of committed, long-term entrepreneurship. Without a more supportive policy context and set of civic resources, the major effect of targeted economic development will not be fulfilled.

Sustainable economic development and environmental auditing: a local authority perspective

Abstract This paper appraises the concept of environmental auditing in respect of the principles of sustainable economic development, and the options available to local authorities for positive action. Humberside County Council's various environmental initiatives are reviewed as a case study. Particular attention is given to progress with implementation, and the integration of economic development and environmental issues.

Balancing Economic Development with Environmental Protection in Developing and Lesser Developed Countries

Recent experience suggests that poverty and environmental degradation go hand in hand. Economic development, on the other hand, provides the financial and technical resources needed for the protection of human health and natural ecosystems. Balancing economic development and environmental protection in developing countries requires a refocusing of economic activity -- not towards producing less, but producing differently. Strategies for the integration of economic development and environmental protection are outlined here, as is the proposed role that will need to be played by the World Bank. 4 refs., 3 figs.

Finland's Role in Western Policy since the Second World War

The author tries to map the role of Finland in the economic, political and military strategy of the West, the United States as well as western Europe, after the Second World War. It is pointed out that US policy vis-à-vis Finland has not resorted to any conspicuous influence attempts, but has rather applied fairly subtle economic and diplomatic means of influence. In the late 1940's the United States applied a mixture of punishments and rewards and since then has resorted to influence attempts in the crisis situations in Finnish-Soviet relations. Special attention is paid to the role of Finland in the grey-zone doctrine of NATO in the late 1960's. The policy of western Europe has concentrated on economic means and should be seen in the context of the over-all integration policy of the European Community. On the Finnish side the development of economic integration in western Europe has resulted in a complex interplay of economic and foreign policy factors.