Development Of Economic Integration Research Articles

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ASSESSING MODELS IN REGIONAL INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS

Rapid development of economic integration encourages the scientific community to search for models and cooperation mechanisms that could explain the integration processes in the world economy. This paper examines the key models of integration assessment that exist in economic scientific literature - “linear” by B. Balassa (1), “core-periphery” by L. Tindemans (2), “gravitational” by J. Tinbergen (3). The purpose of the article is to determine the most relevant and universal model that allows evaluating the integration interaction in all integration associations. Using the example of the of EAEU, APEC and AC integration blocks, the author carries out the analysis of these three integration models. The study is based on the author's approach, which are determines a set of indicators and defines each model characteristics. The paper highlights the criteria for correlating regional integration blocks with their corresponding integration assessment models and provides a graphical visualization of the models. The findings show that a wide variety of regional integration blocks in the world economy today call into question the choice of one universal integration model from the existing ones. The author develops a new system of indicators which will subsequently help conduct a comprehensive assessment of integration between different countries and groups of countries.

BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE BY IMPLEMENTING THE GREEN ECONOMY CONCEPT IN BULGARIA AND BULGARIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

The concept of a green economy has gained significant traction as societies worldwide seek to balance economic growth with environmental preservation. Bulgaria, a country known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse natural landscapes, stands at a crucial juncture in its development journey. By capitalizing on the nation's strengths and addressing its challenges, Bulgaria can forge a path toward economic growth while preserving its natural heritage for generations to come. Through collective effort, informed policies, and innovative practices, Bulgaria can serve as a shining example of a country committed to harmonizing economic advancement with environmental stewardship. Embracing a green economy offers Bulgaria the opportunity to foster sustainable growth, reduce environmental degradation, and enhance overall well-being. The transition to a Green economy allows Bulgaria to transform its own economy – from a low-efficiency and resource-intensive one to an economy based on knowledge, digitalization and green growth, generating high added value and guaranteeing long-term sustainability. The green economy concept centers on the integration of economic development, environmental protection, and social well-being. It emphasizes resource efficiency, the minimization of waste, and the shift towards renewable energy sources. A green economy is characterized by sustainable and environmentally friendly practices that promote economic growth while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. A green economy is an economic system that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities while promoting sustainable development. It focuses on creating a balance between economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being. In the context of agriculture, a green economy involves implementing practices that minimize negative impacts on the environment, conserve natural resources, and promote sustainable food production. It encompasses sectors like energy, transportation, industry, and agriculture, among others. The concept revolves around the efficient use of resources, reduction of pollution, and conservation of biodiversity. This approach aims to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, promoting sustainable practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The successful transition to a green economy requires collaboration among government, businesses, and civil society, along with strategic investments and supportive policies. This report delves into the theoretical basis of a green economy, explores its pros and cons, identifies obstacles to its implementation, discusses challenges in the agricultural sector, highlights promising sectors, provides examples of green initiatives in Bulgaria, and on this basis offers guidelines for a more efficient transition. Keywords: green economy, good practices, sustainable development JEL: Q56

How Does the BRI Reflect China's Rise and Its Influence in World Politics?

As economies become more globalized and regional integration increases, global trade is closely linked, and after the economic reform and opening up, China's trade volume has increased year by year, becoming the second largest economy in the world. However, in these years of rapid development, China has also begun to overcapacity, slowing down its economic development. In order to improve China's domestic overcapacity situation, as well as to better carry out the development of economic integration, China's President Xi Jinping put forward the BRI. This paper focuses on how the BRI reflects China's rise and its impact on the global political and economic arena, and analyzes its implications for China's development trends and international relations. From cultural, economic, and political perspectives, and by examining the quantitative analysis of the impact of the BRI on trade, this paper explores the empirical case study of the China-Central Asia Gas Pipeline (CCAGP) and finds that the BRI has boosted the trade turnover of the countries along the route, and has contributed to the development of China's internal development and international cooperation. international cooperation. The case study of the China-Central Asia Gas Pipeline (CCAGP) reveals more concretely that China has utilized infrastructure development to broaden new strategic routes in order to safeguard China's energy interests and security, and to promote cooperation with the Central Asian region. The "BRI" has enabled China to contribute to the formation of a new economic order centered on China in the form of trade cooperation, which helps to enhance international discourse. Through the BRI, China's international influence has been increasing and its role in the international arena is growing.

Extra-Regional Influence on the Development of Economic Integration in the ASEAN Region

This study discusses the extra-regional influence and scenarios for the development of regional integration of the countries of the Association of States Southeast Asia (ASEAN), in particular, the role of the future free trade agreement between the EAEU and Indonesia in maintaining the effect of convergence in Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia) in the horizon of 2025.Aim. To Determine the main trends in the development of extra-regional influence and forecasts for regional economic convergence in ASEAN countries by 2025.Tasks. Determine the trends and perspective scenarios for the development of the integration of the countries of Southeast Asia.Methods. Both the descriptive method and the system analysis method are used. Also, this study uses the approaches of the Eurasian Development Bank to assess the disproportion in the level of development of the ASEAN countries (macroeconomic indicators; in the analysis of time series of GDP, GDP per capita for ASEAN countries, the Box-Jenkins methodology (ARIMA) is used. The key concept in this study is convergence. Convergence is seen as the process of approaching a certain level or decreasing the difference between two values over time [7]; real convergence contributes to the convergence of the economic level of countries within an integrated group (differences in the economic levels of development of countries hinder the process of integration). The effect of real economic convergence for ASEAN countries in the future 2025 can take on different meanings depending on the implementation of the initiatives proposed by non-regional actors (for example, Indo-Pacific Economic Structure and FTA between the EAEU and Indonesia).Results. The results of the study present four probability-ranked scenarios for the development of regional economic convergence in the ASEAN countries. It has been established that the most likely scenario is one in which the initiative of the EAEU and the Republic of Indonesia will take place, while the Indo-Pacific Economic Structure proposed by the United States will not be implemented by 2025. In this case, regional economic convergence in the ASEAN countries may take on the most favorable meaning.Conclusions. Along with the global trend, the expansion of economic integration through the creation of free trade zones with other integration associations, the development of economic integration in the region is influenced by the rivalry between the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America. Looking forward to the mid-second half of the 2020s. years as a result, the adoption of a free trade agreement between the EAEU countries and the Republic of Indonesia will have a positive impact on the increase in the pace of regional economic convergence in Southeast Asia.

Theoretical Approaches to the Study of the Development Prospects of the Brics as an Economic and Political Union

The presented work continues a series of articles devoted to the economic and political aspects of the development of the BRICS countries. This article discusses the possible development prospects of the BRICS countries based on the hypotheses proposed by the authors of this paper. Within the framework of the presented study, the authors decided to consider the following three hypotheses of the prospects for the development of the BRICS: As the fi rst hypothesis or a relatively positive option for the development of this trade union, a political alliance can become, if implemented, all member countries of the union will be focused on mutual assistance. For example, it is assumed that in the new political alliance, Russia, Argentina and Brazil will be responsible for food security. Russia and Iran, having significant reserves of fuel and energy resources, will be able to ensure energy security in the region. China will become the main supplier of processing industry products. Another option, which is the most promising for the BRICS countries, could be the creation of an economic union. At the same time, the implementation of this initiative is the most time-consuming, since the association, in order to achieve the designated goal, must go through several stages of integration and create an institutional mechanism for the functioning of this union. At the same time, the authors of this study come to the conclusion that the BRICS member countries are unlikely to be able to implement economic integration, which is due to the significant remoteness of the countries from each other; the heterogeneity of the economic space; different levels of economic development; the difference in socio-cultural characteristics that hinder the development of economic integration. The least favorable and relatively unlikely option would be the termination of the existence of this union.

Opportunities and Challenges in the Process of Integrated Regional Economic and Social Development in the Yangtze River Delta

With the historical changes and the development of international relations situation, regional economic and social integration is an important trend to establish the deep development of economic globalisation. The Yangtze River Delta region is one of the regions with the most dynamic economic development, the highest degree of openness and the strongest innovation capacity in China and plays an important strategic position in the modernisation of the country. The purpose of this paper is to explore the problems faced in the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta regional economy, the ways to solve the difficulties and the prospects for future development. The approach taken is to compare the Yangtze River Delta region with the Northeast region in the North and the Pearl River Delta region in the South and to analyse the similarities and differences in the development trends of different geographical regions and their impact on regional development. This is then combined with historical contextual change factors as well as international experience and inspiration to further identify the opportunities and challenges faced by the Yangtze River Delta region in its development through comparative analysis. The conclusions show that China is actively involved in the process of regional economic integration, with the Yangtze River Delta region playing an important leading role. It has actively integrated international and domestic double-cycle development, utilised resources in an integrated manner, and drawn on international experience to seek better development opportunities. However, due to other constraints, such as historical changes, the Yangtze River Delta regional economic integration development process faces many challenges.

SADCC as the First Step of Regional Integration in Southern Africa

The formation of regional blocs and groupings in recent years became a stable feature of the world politics after 1945. The Conference on the Coordination of Southern African Development (SADCC) was formed in 1980 and later transformed into the Southern African Development Community (SADC), with the focus on integration of economic development. On the one hand, the main goal of the SADCC was to oppose South African apartheid, as well as to expand regional economic cooperation through effective coordination of the use of specific characteristics and strengths of each country and its resources. On the other hand, SADCC’s objectives went beyond just reducing dependency to encompass basic development and regional integration. This article reveals a brief history of the formation and evolution of SADCC as regional bloc and analyses the bilateral relations between SADCC/SADC and the Russian Federation. Methodologically, the article employed qualitative research by relying on the broad sources of data such as the United Nations official documents, and statistics of the specialized organizations. By applying a situation-structural approach to analyze and explain the development of institutionalized regional integration, the authors argue that, more than anything, the greatest success of SADCC/SADCC since its formation, was not only in creating a regional identity, but in cultivating a sense of common destiny among the member states.

The positive peace in the Southern Cone: origins and heyday of regional security cooperation (1991—2008)

The basis of the positive zone of peace in the Southern Cone lies both on the expectation of the non-existence of interstate violence, and the construction of a loose regional institutionalization based on a democratic identity, the development of economic integration and regional security cooperation that projects stability beyond the Southern Cone. Despite economic tensions, political differences and international agendas with different orientations, the peaceful regional environment of the southern tip of the American continent and security and defense cooperation flourished during the first two decades of the post-Cold War era. This article presents the trajectory from the end of the Cold War to the establishment of UNASUR of regional security cooperation in the Southern Cone focusing on two dyads, the bilateral relations of the Argentine Republic with both the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Chile.

Conceptual foundations of the economic security of a regional integration association

The problem of ensuring the economic security of the state in modern geo-economic realities is becoming an increasingly important issue. The rupture of foreign trade relations, the search for reliable trading partners, as well as building new logistics routes create challenges for the economic security system not only of the Russian Federation, but of the entire Eurasian Economic Union. Despite the fact that the fundamental basis of regional integration may be political interests, it is the positive economic effects that are the key to the long-term successful development of economic integration that can withstand emerging threats. In this article, based on a systematic approach, the essence of the concept of “economic security of a regional integration association” is proposed. Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding economic security and international economic integration, the features of the economic security of international integration entities are highlighted. The conceptual apparatus is defined - an object, a subject, interests and threats, security measures and a system for assessing regional economic security. It was revealed that the area of economic interests of a regional integration association is less than the area of economic interests of the state, and the area of threats of a regional integration association, on the contrary, is greater than the area of threats of a member state included in the association. It has been determined that the economic security of a regional integration association is a dynamic characteristic of the state of the key elements of the economic systems of the member states of a regional integration association in terms of their ability to withstand emerging external and internal threats and fully perform their functions. At the same time, the basis for ensuring the economic security of an integration association is the formation of a system of convergence of industries of states with a similar level of socio-economic development based on the application of supranational regulation measures in conditions of inclusion in world economic relations.

Application Exploration of Scenario Logistics Ecosystem Based on beyond 5G and IoT Architecture

With the continuous expansion of my country's logistics market, the business scale and management scale of logistics enterprises are increasing day by day. Smart logistics enterprises realize the “three streams in one” of the logistics industry through informatization and intelligent management, which greatly improves the service efficiency and quality of logistics enterprises. However, there are still many problems in this intelligent logistics mode. In this context, we conduct research experiments on the logistics ecosystem of IoT architecture scenarios and draw conclusions through experiments: (1) logistics development in IoT building scenarios. The environment includes natural environment, economic environment, political environment, etc. The economic environment plays an important role in driving logistics demand and promoting logistics growth. The political environment helps to improve the logistics infrastructure and ensure the healthy development of logistics. (2) The most important cost of the logistics industry is that transportation costs account for 67% of the entire logistics cost, followed by cargo storage accounting for 16% of the cost, and smart express cabinets accounting for 13% of the cost. From this, we can see the highest cost out of the logistics system under the Internet of Things is the transportation cost. As a unity is closely linked to the economy and interdependent, logistics is the driving force to promote the development of economic integration. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the economy, it is necessary to continuously improve the service level of logistics, reduce logistics costs, improve operation efficiency, strengthen the linkage development with other industries, and enhance the competitiveness of logistics. We launched an investigation against this background and researched the logistics system under the scenario logistics ecosystem of beyond 5G and IoT architecture.

Classification Method of Emotional Characteristics of Vocal Singing under Multicultural Values

In today’s world economic integration development, the development of cultural pluralism and diversity has become a major trend of social development in this era. In the process of development of the times, China’s vocal singing is constantly adapting to and meeting the growing and changing aesthetic needs of people, while also constantly seeking its own perfection and development and releasing its unique artistic tension. Accordingly, the author explores the inheritance and development of China’s vocal singing from the background of multiculturalism, explores the main characteristics of China’s vocal singing through an in-depth interpretation of the concept of multiculturalism, analyzes and studies the emotional characteristics of vocal singing from the perspective of multiculturalism, and constructs an effective classification method for vocal singing under the value of multiculturalism, in order to bring enlightenment to promote the better development of China’s vocal singing The purpose is to bring enlightenment for the better development of vocal singing in China.

African Regional Integration Polity for Economic Growth and the Global-View on Africa Organizational Development

The paper’s purpose is to explore the policy implementation of African polity amidst economic integration development and sustainable growth. Most African countries have, over the years, suffered from severe macroeconomic disequilibria, foreign debt service burdens, over-valued currencies, and lack of policy Implementation; this caused linger highly behind in terms of development. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the full integration of Africa in terms of trade and migration, using the Southern African subregional integration as a case study. Qualitatively, this paper collected and analyzed data based on content, using secondary sources from different domains. The neo-functionalist theory was applied, and findings show a failure to meet set targets in the SADC plan, which has established a bad precedent for the subregions for African development. The failure is seen as lacking ethical leadership. It recommends that there is a need for African states to improve their infrastructure, recognize the capacity of the private sector to generate wealth, and induce development with open economies to member states..

Research on Regional Economic Differences in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis

The reasons for the differences in economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region are complex and diverse, and are of great research significance. This project uses exploratory spatial data analysis to explore economic differences in the Yangtze River Delta region. First, the per capita GDP data of 41 prefecture-level cities in 4 provincial-level administrative regions in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2003 to 2020 was used to represent the economic development level of each region, and the Theil index was calculated; The differences in economic development in the delta region; finally, it provides suggestions for the in-depth development of economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta region, so as to narrow the economic development gap in the Yangtze River Delta region, promote economic stability and progress, and achieve a higher degree of development.

Analysis on the relationship between accessibility of intercity rail transit and urban economic development

As the backbone of regional transportation development, intercity rail transit plays an important role in guiding and driving the economic integration development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). This paper analyzes and summarizes the variables that measure the level of intercity rail transit and economic development, besides, the paper puts forward the calculation method of intercity rail transit accessibility and economic development level. Furthermore, it constructs the coupling coordination degree model, quantitatively evaluates the correlation between the accessibility of intercity rail transit and the level of economic development by using difference-in-difference (DID) model. Finally, by taking 11 cities in GBA as examples, the paper further studies the impact of intercity rail transit accessibility on urban economy in different years. The results show that intercity rail transit has significant positive benefits on urban economy, and the elastic coefficient is 0.012 8. The more the development of transportation and economy is coordinated, the more obvious the positive impact of intercity railway operation is brought by the opening of the intercity railway. This proposed method can provide theoretical and practical guidance for the overall coordinated development of the region.

How Does Green Technology Innovation Affect Carbon Emissions? A Spatial Econometric Analysis of China’s Provincial Panel Data

Due to an increasing number of issues such as climate change, sustainable development has become an important theme worldwide. Sustainable development is inseparable from technological innovation. Only by making technological breakthroughs can we ensure the overall integration of economic development and environmental protection. Here, based on China’s inter-provincial panel data from 2006 to 2019, we examine the relationship between green technological innovation and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 30 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Tibet) and sub-regions (eastern, central, and western China) in China using a space panel econometric model based on the STIRPAT equation. Additionally, we use geographic information analysis methods to analyze the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of CO2 emissions. Our major finding is that, from the perspective of the whole country, green technology innovation has a negative correlation with carbon emissions, but the effect is not obvious. In addition, from the regional sample, green technology innovation in the eastern and central regions can effectively reduce carbon emissions, while in the western region, green technology innovation can promote carbon emissions in the province. At the same time, the research results show a strong spatial spillover effect of inter-provincial carbon dioxide emissions, and the progress of green technology in neighboring provinces has a negative impact on carbon emissions in their own provinces. Therefore, cross-province policies and actions for reducing carbon emissions are necessary. Additionally, our results show that carbon-emission driving factors, such as economic development, industrial structure, energy consumption structure, and population, have a significant positive effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Based on the above research results, we put forward corresponding policy recommendations.

Research on the Agglomeration Effect of Financial Industry in Free Trade Zone

Since the 1970s, with the rapid development of economic integration and the rapid flow of financial resources, Chinese economic development of has accelerated, financial institutions have become closer, and financial agglomeration has become increasingly obvious, showing regional attributes. In the process of economic development, the leading position of finance is becoming more and more unshakable, and financial agglomeration has become an important form of modern financial industry organization and development. The free trade zone has served as a key role in breaking through traditions, reforms and innovations in China. Based on the free trade zone, Chinese economy can develop more prosperously. 18 free trade zones established in China headed by Shanghai have made excellent achievements in Chinese economic reform. The establishment of the free trade zone has attracted a large number of financial institutions to settle in with its reform and innovation advantages. The embryonic form of financial industry agglomeration has emerged. With the continuous development of the free trade zone, Chinese financial industry agglomeration effect has also appeared. Based on this, this article studies the agglomeration effect of the financial industry in Chinese free trade zone.

Resident travel mode prediction model in Beijing metropolitan area.

With the development of economic integration, Beijing has become more closely connected with surrounding areas, which gradually formed the Beijing metropolitan area (BMA). The authors define the scope of BMA from two dimensions of space and time. BMA is determined to be the built-up area of Beijing and its surrounding 10 districts. Designed questionnaire survey the personal characteristics, family characteristics, and travel characteristics of residents from 10 districts in the surrounding BMA. The statistical analysis of questionnaires shows that the supply of public transportation is insufficient and cannot meet traffic demand. Further, the travel mode prediction model of Softmax regression machine learning algorithm for BMA (SRBM) is established. To further verify the prediction performance of the proposed model, the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), model are introduced to compare the prediction accuracy. The results show that the constructed SRBM model exhibits high prediction accuracy, with an average accuracy of 88.35%, which is 2.83% and 18.11% higher than the SVM and MNL models, respectively. This article provides new ideas for the prediction of travel modes in the Beijing metropolitan area.

The Circular Economy: A Study on the Use of Airbnb for Sustainable Coastal Development in the Vietnam Mekong Delta

The concept of the circular economy has become well known for its solution-oriented approach to transforming available resources into a closed-loop resource system. However, in the context of coastal areas, coastal resources seem to be ignored in the tourism production and consumption process. In relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this article discusses how sharing economy practices may sustain coastal resources through ecotourism, applying a sharing-economy theory that emphasizes changes in the new form—a circular economy—rather than a single traditional Airbnb model or ecotourism model. This study proposes a coastal sustainable development structure model based on the integration between the sharing economy and ecotourism with three modes—positive economic effects, positive economic pressures, and sustainable coastal development—and uses coastal residents’ expectations of their living conditions as moderating factors to investigate the impact of the circular economy on coastal sustainability. We developed a survey-based model that included 303 samples from the indigenous residents of 13 provinces throughout the Vietnam Mekong Delta. The results show that the integration of ecotourism with the Airbnb model has a positive effect on residents’ living conditions, supporting sustainable local development. However, the advancement of technology and residents’ awareness involves barriers to coastal development because the process of modernization is still limited in coastal areas. More specifically, in the case of the Vietnam Mekong Delta, our results suggest that limited technical knowledge and language ability stand as barriers to coastal businesses, showing that the lack of inter-regional connectivity limits the magnitude of local tourism in coastal areas. These findings are useful for assessing residents’ living conditions so that coastal development can work towards poverty reduction. Finally, the establishment and expansion of policies by local authorities can be an indispensable part of coastal economic development by limiting the negative effects of the abuse of natural resources and facilitating family businesses in coastal zones in an effort towards the integration of economic development and social and environmental responsibility.

Economic Integration of the Visegrad Four and Ukraine in the Context of Historical Narratives and Global Challenges

The article reveals the historical preconditions for the development of economic integration of Ukraine and the Visegrad Four from the standpoint of challenges relevant to the region of Central and Eastern Europe. The co-existence of the Rus’ people (ancient Ukrainians) with the Czech, Polish, Hungarian and Slovak ethnic groups is outlined, highlighting the significant events. They are presented in the context of building good neighbourly relations through overcoming contradictions. V4 is considered as an association of new political and economic order within the framework of European integration processes. The routes of economic integration of Ukraine and V4 have been assessed, revealing that this process is mainly limited to import operations and excludes real sector of the economy. A concept is developed for the V4+UA economic space, specifying the creation of a regionally integrated machine industry with fragmented production within a global-scale network and high added value.

African Economic Integration Development in Technological Transformation: Accessing the Importance of Ethical Leadership for Policy Implementation in SADC

Most African states have suffered from severe macroeconomic disequilibria, foreign debt service burdens, and over-valued currencies. The lack of ethical leadership on policy implementation has led most Africa countries to linger highly behind in terms of development. Many countries are reliant on agriculture and yet suffer from high levels of unemployment and food insecurity on the continent. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the full integration of Africa in terms of trade and migration, using the Southern African sub-regional integration as a case study. This study looks at the Southern African economic integration development and the importance of having ethical leadership for policy implementation. Qualitatively, this paper collected data and analysis them based on content, using secondary sources from different domains. The neo-Functionalist theory was applied and findings show that there is a failure to meet set targets in the SADC plan which has established a bad precedent for the sub-regions for African development, the failure is seen as lacking ethical leadership. It recommends that there is a need for African states to improve its infrastructure, recognise the capacity of the private sector to generate wealth and induce development, with open economies to member’s states.