Level Of Integration Research Articles

Studies on the quantification and time-sequence development of integration of industry and education level in higher vocational education-based on the panel data of China’s provincial from 2016 to 2022

An extensive assessment index system was developed to evaluate the integration of industry and education in higher vocational education. The system was designed using panel data collected from 31 provinces in China between 2016 and 2022. The study utilized the entropy approach and coupled coordination degree model to examine the temporal and spatial changes in the level of growth of the integration of industry and education in higher vocational education, as well as the factors that impact it. In order to examine how the integration of industry and education in higher vocational education develops over time and space, as well as the factors that affect it, we utilized spatial phasic analysis, Tobit regression model, and Dagum’s Gini coefficient. The study’s findings suggest that between 2016 and 2022, the integration of industry and education in higher vocational education showed a consistent improvement in overall development. Nevertheless, there are still significant regional differences, with certain areas showing limited levels of integration, while the bulk of regions are either in a state of low integration with high clustering or low integration with low clustering. Most locations showed either a “low-high” or “low-low” level of agglomeration, indicating a significant degree of spatial concentration, with a clear trend of higher concentration in the east and lower concentration in the west. The progress of industrial structure and the degree of regional economic development have a substantial impact on the amount of integration of industry and education in higher vocational education. There is a notable increase in the amount of integration between industry and education in higher vocational education, which has a favorable effect. Conversely, the local employment rate has a substantial negative effect on this integration. Moreover, the direct influence of industrial structure optimization is restricted. The Gini coefficient of the development level of integration of industry and education in higher vocational education exhibits a slight rising trend. Simultaneously, there is a varying increase in the Gini coefficient inside the group and a decrease in the Gini coefficient between the groups. The disparities in the level of integration between Industry and Education in the provincial area primarily stem from inter-group variations across the locations. To promote the integration of industry and education in higher vocational education, it is recommended to strengthen policy support and resource allocation, address regional disparities, improve professional configuration, and increase investment in scientific and technological innovation and talent development.

Recruit Perspectives onGender Integration at Recruit Training: A Comparison by Service andGender.

Recruit training is the initial entry for enlisted personnel in the military. The Services execute gender-integrated recruit training differently. The U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) maintains same-gender platoons led by same-gender drill instructors in integrated companies; further integration occurs at select training events. The other Services train recruits in gender-integrated units with mixed-gender drill instructor teams. We examine recruits' experiences and perceptions of gender integration at recruit training, their desired level of integration, and preferences for increasing gender integration, comparing by Service and gender. Recruit perspectives and experiences were captured in a 19-question survey (n = 632) and 90-min focus groups (n = 260) near graduation from recruit training. Data were collected from June to November 2021. Because of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions, the Navy and Air Force were not conducting gender-integrated recruit training during data collection. Outcome variables were compared cross-Service by gender and within Service by gender using chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate; focus group data were analyzed using initial and secondary coding schemes. Three USMC training models, varied by level of integration, were also analyzed (Male-Only, Series Track, and Integrated Company). Significant gender differences across and within Service emerged in recruits' experience being trained by an opposite-gender instructor. Male recruits had significant differences by Service (P < .001), and USMC female recruits reported being trained by male instructors more than their male peers by female instructors (Series Track P = .002; Integrated Company P < .001). In the focus groups, recruits described common differences with how men and women embodied being a drill instructor. Significant gender differences across (both male and female P < .001) and within Service were reported for closeness of training with opposite-gender peers (Air Force P = .028; U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) Integrated Company P = .010; Army P = .048), an expected finding given varied integration during data collection. Male and female recruits had significant differences by Service in their preference for integration at the lowest unit level (both male and female P < .001), with those who experienced integrated training showing higher levels of endorsement. In the focus groups, recruits articulated benefits and challenges of gender-integrated recruit training. Significant gender differences across Service emerged in preferences for more integration in specific training activities. Within Service, female USMC Integrated Company recruits wanted more integration in tactical/field, physical fitness, and classroom training than their male peers (P < .001 for all). In the focus groups, USMC recruits of both genders desired more integrated training events, particularly those involving combat and tactical skill development. This study provided an opportunity to examine recruit perspectives on gender-integrated training. Services valuing opposite-gender instructor exposure in recruit training must ensure that male recruits are being taught and led by female instructors given disproportionate demographics. Recruits who experienced integrated training were more supportive of integration, indicating that this experience may increase their support for gender-integrated training units and environments. Today's recruits understand that they are entering gender-integrated working environments, and our results indicate that they expect recruit training to mirror that reality.

Human-Centered and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence in Industry 5.0: Challenges and Perspectives

The aim of this position paper is to identify a specific focus and the major challenges related to the human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) approach in the field of Industry 5.0 and the circular economy. A first step towards the opening of a line of research is necessary to aggregate multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary skills to promote and take into consideration the different aspects related to this topic, from the more technical and engineering aspects to the social ones and the repercussions in terms of sustainability. The proposal and vision of this preliminary work is to identify and discuss a suitable field for such interaction. This field has been identified, specifically, within additive manufacturing (AM) in the context of Industry 5.0. Additive manufacturing (AM), is a disruptive opportunity for more sustainable production systems that can be better optimized with AI, becoming an ideal platform for interconnection between different levels of application and integration of HCAI concepts, and at the same time able to prove them. In this context, two prospective areas with a high application impact of HCAI are those of AM-oriented supply chain and product customization in the AM field, enabled by a plethora of recently emerging technologies such as the internet of things, cloud and edge computing, and next-generation networks (5G). The paper concludes with the challenges HCAI poses to public policymakers, who face significant policy challenges in regulating artificial intelligence, and addressing the socioeconomic and technological impacts. Decision-makers are required to address these challenges by adopting some tentative policy recommendations.

How does housing affordability affect migration intentions of married migrant workers? Social integration as a mediating variable

Increasing migrant workers’ belongingness to the locality is an important step in accelerating high-quality urbanization. Settlement intention can largely indicate this sense of belongingness, which is crucially affected by housing and social integration. Although the settlement intention of migrant workers has been widely investigated, inadequate attention has been paid to hukou transfer intention, which reflects the unique institutional arrangement in China. As family migration has become a trend, this study aims to investigate the two-dimensional migration intentions of married migrant workers in China, i.e. settlement intention and hukou transfer intention, and the mediating role of social integration between housing affordability and migration intentions. Based on the data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2017, the structural equation modelling was employed. Furthermore, four dimensions of social integration were examined (economic, social relation, cultural and psychological). The overall hukou transfer intention of married migrant workers was found to be low, whereas the settlement intention was relatively high. Social integration partially mediated the relationship between housing affordability and migration intentions. The regional characteristics of original and inflow places should be given special attention because they substantially affect married migrant workers’ levels of social integration and migration intentions.

Impact of CEO’s scientific research background on the enterprise digital level

Leveraging the Chinese capital market, we investigate the relationship between a CEO’s scientific research background and the level of digitalization within enterprises. Our results demonstrate robust findings indicating that a CEO’s scientific research background significantly enhances the level of enterprise digitalization. Moreover, we observe that this correlation is more pronounced in companies controlled by non-state-owned enterprises, those operating within a more advanced digital economy, and those engaged in high levels of regional integration. Furthermore, we establish that the positive impact of a CEO’s research background on a company’s digitalization level is primarily driven by fostering the organization’s innovation drive. Overall, our research suggests that CEOs with scientific research backgrounds are instrumental in encouraging a culture of innovation within their firms, thereby enhancing enterprise digitalization performance. This study contributes to the literature by exploring the factors influencing enterprise digitalization levels through the lens of managerial experience and analyzing the economic implications of management experience on enterprise digital transformation. Methodologically, we have refined and enhanced the measurement approach for assessing enterprise digitalization levels. Practically, our findings underscore the importance of promoting cross-industry and cross-regional exchanges of high-caliber talent for executives, enterprises, and governmental entities alike.

The influence of patient motivation on the motor function restoration during stroke recovery. Preliminary results of a clinical study

BACKGROUND: Acute cerebrovascular accidents lead to disability. The most important task is the rehabilitation and adaptation of these patients to society. Impaired motivation reduces the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. AIMS: To assess the motivation of patients during stroke recovery; identify relationships between the level of motivation, duration and type of stroke, and cognitive and demographic indicators; and determine the influence of the patient’s initial level of motivation on the effectiveness of the rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study analyzed 36 patients with hemiparesis in the early and late recovery period of stroke. All patients were assessed according to the international classification of functioning, disability, and health; functional independence scale; Rivermead mobility index; degree of paresis according to the Medical Research Committee scale; level of spasticity according to the Ashford scale; risk of falls assessment according to the Morse scale; assessment of function of the upper and lower extremities using the Fugl–Meyer test; and balance assessment using the Berg scale. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was found between the patient’s motivation and cognitive indicators: the integral level of the BTLD (r=0.653; p=0) and the integral indicator of the Mini-Mental State Examination (r=0.536; p=0.001). No convincing evidence supports the connection between the motivation level and indicators as such sex, age, body mass index, time since stroke, stroke type and location, pain level, functional independence level, and motor impairment. Although a trend toward greater positive changes in functional recovery of the arm, leg, balance, and overall independence was observed, no significant difference was found between groups. CONCLUSION: A significant relationship was found between motivation and cognitive functions, which can serve as predictors of the motivation level of patients when planning rehabilitation activities. A trend toward positive changes in functional recovery of the arm, leg, balance, and overall independence was found in patients with high motivation levels.

Measuring and improving software testability at the design level

ContextThe quality of software systems is significantly influenced by design testability, an aspect often overlooked during the initial phases of software development. The implementation may deviate from its design, resulting in decreased testability at the integration and unit levels. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to automatically identify low-testable parts in object-orientated design and enhance them by refactoring to design patterns. The impact of various design metrics mainly coupling (e.g., fan-in and fan-out) and inheritance (e.g., depth of inheritance tree and number of subclasses) metrics on design testability is measured to select the most appropriate refactoring candidates. MethodThe methodology involves creating a machine learning model for design testability prediction using a large dataset of Java classes, followed by developing an automated refactoring tool. The design classes are vectorized by ten design metrics and labeled with testability scores calculated from a mathematical model. The model computes testability based on code coverage and test suite size of classes that have already been tested via automatic tools. A voting regressor model is trained to predict the design testability of any class diagram based on these design metrics. The proposed refactoring tool for dependency injection and factory method is applied to various open-source Java projects, and its impact on design testability is assessed. ResultsThe proposed design testability model demonstrates its effectiveness by satisfactorily predicting design testability, as indicated by a mean squared error of 0.04 and an R2 score of 0.53. The automated refactoring tool has been successfully evaluated on six open-source Java projects, revealing an enhancement in design testability by up to 19.11 %. ConclusionThe proposed automated approach offers software developers the means to continuously evaluate and enhance design testability throughout the entire software development life cycle, mitigating the risk of testability issues stemming from design-to-implementation discrepancies.

The Use of ChatGPT in Source-Based Writing Tasks

AbstractChatGPT, a chatbot based on a Generative Pre-trained Transformer model, can be used as a teaching tool in the educational setting, providing text in an interactive way. However, concerns point out risks and disadvantages, as possible incorrect or irrelevant answers, privacy concerns, and copyright issues. This study aims to categorize the strategies used by undergraduate students completing a source-based writing task (SBW, i.e., written production based on texts previously read) with the help of ChatGPT and their relation to the quality and content of students’ written products. ChatGPT can be educationally useful in SBW tasks, which require the synthesis of information from a text in response to a prompt. SBW requires mastering writing conventions and an accurate understanding of source material. We collected 27 non-expert users of ChatGPT and writers (Mage = 20.37; SD = 2.17). We administered a sociodemographic questionnaire, an academic writing motivation scale, and a measure of perceived prior knowledge. Participants were given a source-based writing task with access to ChatGPT as external aid. They performed a retrospective think-aloud interview on ChatGPT use. Data showed limited use of ChatGPT due to limited expertise and ethical concerns. The level of integration of conflicting information showed to not be associated with the interaction with ChatGPT. However, the use of ChatGPT showed a negative association with the amount of literal source-text information that students include in their written product.

Genome report: First reference genome of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth, an emblematic Andean species.

Vaccinium floribundum Kunth, known as "mortiño," is an endemic shrub species of the Andean region adapted to harsh conditions in high-altitude ecosystems. It plays an important ecological role as a pioneer species in the aftermath of deforestation and human-induced fires within paramo ecosystems, emphasizing its conservation value. While previous studies have offered insights into the genetic diversity of mortiño, comprehensive genomic studies are still missing to fully understand the unique adaptations of this species and its population status, highlighting the importance of generating a reference genome for this plant. ONT and Illumina sequencing were used to establish a reference genome for this species. Three different de novo genome assemblies were generated and compared for quality, continuity and completeness. The Flye assembly was selected as the best and refined by filtering out short ONT reads, screening for contaminants and genome scaffolding. The final assembly has a genome size of 529 Mb, containing 1,317 contigs and 97% complete BUSCOs, indicating a high level of integrity of the genome. Additionally, the LTR Assembly Index of 12.93 further categorizes this assembly as a reference genome. The genome of V. floribundum reported in this study is the first reference genome generated for this species, providing a valuable tool for further studies. This high-quality genome, based on the quality and completeness parameters obtained, will not only help uncover the genetic mechanisms responsible for its unique traits and adaptations to high-altitude ecosystems but will also contribute to conservation strategies for a species endemic to the Andes.

Concept of Multifactor Method and Non-Functional Requirements Solution to Increase Resilience through Functional Safety with Cybersecurity Analysis

In the process of designing safety systems, an integrated approach in safety and cybersecurity analysis is necessary. The paper describes a new technique of increasing resilience through integrated analysis of functional safety and cybersecurity. It is a modeling methodology based on the combination of the multifactor method utilizing modified risk graphs, used previously for Safety Integrity Level (SIL) assessment, and the Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) approach. The NFR approach, based on the analysis of graphical representation of conceptual and physical components of the system, contributes a technique to include cybersecurity through the Softgoal Interdependency Graph. The assessment methodology is outlined in detail and applied to a case study involving an industrial control system. The analysis turns out to be effective in both aspects: confirming the findings of the multifactor approach based on modified risk graphs and complementing the traditional analysis to increase resilience in discovering and mitigating security vulnerabilities for SIL assessment by the use of NFR.

Determinants of study motivation of undergraduate university students in Chile

ABSTRACT Students’ academic motivation is a critical factor in understanding the choices that they make over the course of their educational careers. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that determine students’ motivation to complete their undergraduate studies. Working with a sample of 2032 undergraduate students from 11 universities in Chile, an ordinal logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the effect of students’ sociodemographic characteristics, their academic performance and the characteristics associated with the university and the degree program they were pursuing, on their academic motivation. The results show that students’ motivation to complete their studies is determined primarily by their socioeconomic status, the allocation of financial aid, their relationship with professors, and their level of integration into the social and academic environment of the university. Students with low socioeconomic status have higher levels of academic motivation compared to those with higher level of status. However, there is no difference in the level of motivation among students in different fields of study. The paper concludes that the significance of socioeconomic status as a factor influencing motivation may be due to the promise of social mobility associated with obtaining a university degree, which provides access to better jobs and salaries. Additionally, a high degree of integration in the university and good relationships with professors can increase motivation by alleviating anxiety during the transition from university to the labor market.

Information Technology Integration and Classroom Learning Engagement in Selected Elementary Schools in Binangonan, Rizal

The objective of this study is to assess the correlation of information technology integration on the learning engagement of grade school pupils in selected elementary schools in Binangonan, Rizal. In an era where technological advancements are rapidly transforming educational landscapes, this study investigates how effectively integrating information technology (IT) into teaching practices impacts various dimensions of pupil engagement, including emotional, cognitive, motivational, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and social-behavioral engagement. The research sample consists of 655 pupils, highlighting a slight predominance of females over males and revealing significant socioeconomic diversity among the respondents. The study employs a comprehensive approach, evaluating teachers' proficiency in multiple domains of IT integration—Technological Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Findings indicate a consistently high level of IT integration across these domains, with slight variances based on factors such as sex, family income, and access to technology at home. Emotional and cognitive engagement among pupils are particularly influenced by these variables, while overall engagement levels remain robust across different demographics. The study also reveals significant positive correlations between teachers' IT integration and pupils' engagement across all dimensions, underscoring the critical role of proficient IT use in enhancing educational outcomes. Based on these insights, the study proposes an Enhanced Training Plan aimed at addressing the digital divide, empowering teachers through continuous professional development, fostering high levels of pupil engagement, and promoting collaborative and supportive classroom environments. This plan includes targeted activities, regular monitoring, and evaluation to ensure its effectiveness and adaptability to evolving educational needs. The findings highlight the necessity for ongoing support and professional development for teachers to maximize the benefits of IT integration, ultimately contributing to a more dynamic and inclusive educational experience for all pupils.

Dynamic response and deformation failure microscopic characteristics of cyclic impact-cemented tailing backfill.

Frequent blasting disruptions can lead to cumulative damage within the cemented tailing backfill (CTB), increasing the risks associated with mining operations and reducing the recovery rate of the pillar. To address this issue, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was utilized to conduct cyclic impact tests on CTB containing various cement tailing ratios (CTR) at different curing ages. The tests analyzed the stress-strain curve law, dynamic compressive strength (DCS), dynamic strength increase factor (DIF), absorption energy, and deformation failure characteristics of CTB under different impact velocities. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the internal pore structural properties of CTB. The research findings indicate that (1) Average strain rate exhibits a linear relationship with the DCS and impact velocity. A lower number of impacts occurred at higher impact velocities and shorter curing age. The number of impacts was drastically reduced when the impact velocity surpassed 3m/s. As the CTR increased, the number of impacts also increased. When the number of impacts increased, the elastic modulus, dynamic impact strength, and peak strain initially increased before ultimately decreasing. (2) Under the cyclic impact load, the shear failure and axial splitting failure were the main failure modes of CTB. Increasing the CTR may be a more effective strategy for reducing the degree of CTB fragmentation compared to prolonging the curing age. When the impact velocity is lower than 3m/s, CTB can withstand multiple impacts and maintain high levels of integrity. When the DIF of the first shock is below 1.5, the CTB demonstrates a capability to withstand more than four shocks. If the DIF exceeds 2, the CTB can only endure a single shock. (3) NMR and SEM observations revealed that CTB itself contains more pores. A dense network structure will grow inside CTB as the curing age and CTR are increased, reducing the porosity. The pore size observed in the samples also support that increasing CTR may be a more effective strategy. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the kinetic response of CTB in deep mines under frequent blasting disruption and offer a valuable reference point for future research in this area.

Classification and Evaluation of Octopus-Inspired Suction Cups for Soft Continuum Robots.

The emergence of the field of soft robotics has led to an interest in suction cups as auxiliary structures on soft continuum arms to support the execution of manipulation tasks. This application poses demanding requirements on suction cups with respect to sensorization, adhesion under non-ideal contact conditions, and integration into fully soft systems. The octopus can serve as an important source of inspiration for addressing these challenges. This review aims to accelerate research in octopus-inspired suction cups by providing a detailed analysis of the octopus sucker, determining meaningful performance metrics for suction cups on the basis of this analysis, and evaluating the state-of-the-art in suction cups according to these performance metrics. In total, 47 records describing suction cups are found, classified according to the deployed actuation method, and evaluated on performance metrics reflecting the level of sensorization, adhesion, and integration. Despite significant advances in recent years, the octopus sucker outperforms all suction cups on all performance metrics. The realization of high resolution tactile sensing in suction cups and the integration of such sensorized suction cups in soft continuum structures are identified as two major hurdles toward the realization of octopus-inspired manipulation strategies in soft continuum robot arms.

Enhancing Sustainable Development Goal Integration in Chilean Citizenship Education: A Thematic Analysis of Textbook Content and Instructional Strategies

This study examines the integration level of the three dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (social, economic, and environmental) in Chilean citizenship education textbooks for third and fourth grades’ students in high schools, aiming to identify gaps and propose a comprehensive model for thematic instruction. Utilizing the citizenship education student textbook designed by the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the San Sebastián University in Chile, this research employs thematic analysis to assess the representation of the SDGs within the educational content. The results reveal a positive aspect: the textbooks showcase all three SDG dimensions, highlighting their potential to foster comprehensive SDG comprehension. However, the emphasis predominantly lies on social inclusion, with economic and environmental dimensions receiving less attention. This imbalance could impede the provision of holistic sustainability education, especially as critical ecological issues and certain goals (SDGs 2, 7, 12, 14, and 15) remain under-represented. The proposed thematic instruction model merges sustainability with citizenship education through concept mapping, structured lesson plans, and active collaboration, enhancing SDG literacy. This research contributes to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) by providing a comprehensive framework that transforms sustainability education globally, cultivating knowledgeable and proactive individuals prepared to address and resolve pressing global challenges.

A matter of time, not generations: rising emotional attachment to the European Union 1991–2023. An age period cohort analysis

ABSTRACT The literature argues that successive generations have become progressively more attached to the EU, due to having experienced increasing levels of integration during their impressionable adolescent years. This generational view of EU attachment assumes that after birth cohorts have outgrown their impressionable years, they do not become more attached to the EU, regardless of period-based changes. However, newer theories of European integration emphasise period-based influences that shape EU attachment across all age cohorts, rather than solely impacting adolescents during their formative years. We use an age period cohort model with repeated cross-sectional Eurobarometer data from 1991 to 2023, showing that all EU-citizens have on average become more attached to the EU over time, rather than later-born birth cohorts being more attached to the EU based on their generational membership. Contrary to what the literature assumes, this indicates that no ‘generations of Europeans’ exist, but that EU-attachment increases for all cohorts over time. Contrary to long-standing assumptions in the literature, this indicates that efforts to increase emotional attachment to the EU can proceed faster than generational change occurs.

My feed is what I eat? A qualitative study on adolescents' awareness and appreciation of food marketing on social media.

Adolescents spend much of their time online and hence are exposed to a lot of non-core (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) social media food marketing (SMFM). This may influence their dietary choices and health. This present study aimed to investigate adolescents' perceptions towards SMFM; that is, their recognition and appreciation of SMFM. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with Dutch adolescents aged 13-16 years (n = 16), on Skype. Examples of food promotions on Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok and YouTube were discussed with adolescents. Adolescents' reasons for recognising and appreciating or liking SMFM were often related to the level of product integration. Factors that determined participants' recognition of SMFM included product focus (e.g., brand or product prominence), sponsorship disclosure, type of content (paid, influencer and peer-generated content) and promotional strategy (e.g., discounts, promotional texts, layout). Participants' appreciation of SMFM was determined by the format of a post (image, video, text, pop-up), trustworthiness of the source (brand, celebrity, friend/peer), type of product promoted (core, non-core) and appearance or layout of a post (e.g., professionalism, appeal). The present study contributes to the ongoing debate on how to increase adolescents' resilience to commercial messages that promote non-core foods. Adolescents mostly enjoy watching non-core video content from peers or influencers and do not perceive this as food marketing. It is recommended that future studies investigate the effects of earned social media marketing formats (i.e., unpaid peer and influencer endorsements) promoting non-core foods on adolescents' dietary intake, and how they can be made more critical towards such types of SMFM.

Evaluating the Effect of Fiscal Support for Agriculture on Three-Industry Integration in Rural China

The integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, known as three-industry integration, is a crucial strategy for developing rural industries and implementing the rural revitalization initiative in China. The government’s fiscal support for agriculture serves as a cornerstone for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural regions. This study investigates the mechanisms through which fiscal support for agriculture facilitates the integration of the rural three-industry sectors by driving industrial innovation, enhancing the circulation of production factors, and optimizing resource utilization in rural areas. Using panel data from 30 provinces in China spanning from 2008 to 2020, we evaluate the level of three-industry integration in rural areas using an entropy method and analyze the effects of fiscal support for agriculture on this integration. Our findings reveal that: (1) fiscal support for agriculture significantly promotes the incorporated development of rural three-industry integration in China by acting as a catalyst for horizontal and vertical integration; (2) fiscal support enhances rural infrastructure quality, fosters market connectivity, and attracts business clusters, while also optimizing factor markets and facilitating the efficient allocation of land, finance, and resources, thereby enabling new business entities, such as leading enterprises, to benefit from economies of scale and to expand the rural industrial value chain; (3) the effects of fiscal support for agriculture exhibit significant regional and agricultural development heterogeneity, with Central China and major agricultural provinces demonstrating the most pronounced role in promoting rural three-industry integration.

Beneficiary Experience of Care by Level of Integration in Dual Eligible Special Needs Plans

Beneficiary Experience of Care by Level of Integration in Dual Eligible Special Needs Plans

Level of structural integration in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders - applicability and associations with clinical parameters.

The psychic structure of people with psychosis has been the subject of theoretical and qualitative considerations. However, it has not been sufficiently studied quantitatively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the structural abilities of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis using the Levels of Structural Integration Axis of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis System (OPD-2-LSIA). The study aimed to determine possible associations between the OPD-2-LSIA and central parameters of illness. Additionally, possible structural differences between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis were tested. This cross-sectional study included 129 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Measures of structural integration, symptom load, severity of illness, cognition, and social functioning were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the overall structural level and the structural dimensions. Correlation coefficients were computed to measure the associations between OPD-2-LSIA and variables regarding the severity of illness and psychosocial functioning. Regression models were used to measure the influence of illness-related variables on OPD-2-LSIA, and the influence of OPD-2-LSIA on psychosocial functioning. Participants diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were examined with regard to possible group differences. The results of the OPD-2-LSIA showed that the overall structural level was between 'moderate to low' and 'low level of structural integration'. Significant correlations were found between OPD-2-LSIA and psychotic symptoms (but not depressive symptoms), as well as between OPD-2-LSIA and psychosocial functioning. It was found that variables related to severity of illness had a significant impact on OPD-2-LSIA, with psychotic, but not depressive symptoms being significant predictors. OPD-2-LSIA was found to predict psychosocial functioning beyond symptoms and cognition. No significant differences were found between participants with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. There was also no correlation found between OPD-2-LSIA and depressive symptomatology (except for the subdimension Internal communication). Contrary to theoretical assumptions, the results of the study show a heterogenous picture of the psychic structure of people with psychosis. The associations between OPD-2-LSIA and severity of illness, particularly psychotic symptomatology, as well as the influence of OPD-2-LSIA on psychosocial functioning, are discussed.