Integrated Communication Research Articles

Coexistence of large-area topological pseudospin and valley states in a tri-band heterostructure system.

The rapid development of topological photonics has significantly revolutionized our comprehension of electromagnetic wave manipulation in recent decades. Recent research exploiting large-area topological states inserts an additional gapless PC structure between topologically trivial and nontrivial PCs, effectively introducing the mode width degree of freedom. Nevertheless, these heterostructures mainly support only single-type waveguide states operating within a single frequency band. To address these limitations, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, tri-band three-layer heterostructure system, supporting both large-area pseudospin- and valley-locked states. The system showcases tunable mode widths with different operational bandwidths. Moreover, the heterostructures exhibit inherent topological characteristics and reflection-free interfacing, which are verified in the well-designed Z-shaped channels. The proposed heterostructure system can be used to design multi-band multi-functional high-flexibility topological devices, providing great advantages for enlarging the on-chip integrated communication systems.

Attention-assisted autoencoder neural network for end-to-end optimization of multi-access fiber-terahertz communication systems

We propose an end-to-end (E2E) fiber-terahertz (THz) integrated communication system based on an attention-assisted multi-access autoencoder (AMAE) neural network. The AMAE neural network comprises artificial neural networks (ANNs) that function as transmitters (T-ANNs), channel models, and receivers (R-ANNs) for multiple users. By connecting the computational graph of multiple T-ANNs and R-ANNs, we jointly optimize the AMAE to facilitate E2E multi-access communication. Attention mechanisms guide the optimization process to achieve fair and efficient power allocation and orthogonality among different users. We experimentally evaluated the performance of our proposed E2E framework in a 60 Gbit/s multi-channel (1, 5, and 10 km) fiber-THz hybrid system. The results indicate that our AMAE approach outperforms the conventional single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation scheme by over 3 dB in receiver sensitivity and 11 Gbit/s in capacity under the 20% soft-decision forward error correction threshold in the same-channel back-to-back condition. Additionally, under the performance balance constraint, our approach achieves a transmission speed of 60 Gbit/s within a 10 GHz bandwidth in the multi-channel setting.

Good Governance Analysis of the Role of the Reserve Army in Strengthening National Defense

Effective governance is a cornerstone of any modern nation's strength and security. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the role of the reserve army in strengthening national defense, within the framework of good governance principles. The reserve army, a vital component of a country's defense strategy, represents a proactive and cost-efficient means of augmenting the regular armed forces during times of crisis. Through a lens of good governance, this study examines the organizational, strategic, and ethical dimensions of the reserve army's contribution to national defense.The analysis begins by exploring the concept of good governance, highlighting its significance in ensuring transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in defense policies. Drawing on case studies from various nations, the paper investigates how effective governance practices can positively influence the recruitment, training, and deployment of reserve forces. Special attention is given to mechanisms that promote equitable representation, inclusivity, and adherence to human rights standards within the reserve army framework.Furthermore, the study delves into the strategic alignment between the reserve army and the overall national defense strategy. It examines how coherent planning, integrated communication, and joint exercises between regular and reserve forces can enhance the overall preparedness and responsiveness of a nation's defense apparatus. The role of technology and innovation in optimizing the reserve army's effectiveness is also explored, emphasizing the importance of well-governed resource allocation and technological integration. In conclusion, this paper underscores the critical role of good governance in maximizing the potential of the reserve army to strengthen national defense. By aligning recruitment practices, strategic planning, and ethical considerations with principles of effective governance, a nation can build a resilient, adaptable, and citizen-oriented reserve force that significantly contributes to its overall security. The findings of this analysis provide valuable insights for policymakers, military planners, and scholars seeking to enhance the role of the reserve army within a framework of sound governance practices

Measures and Recommendations for Ensuring Adequate Inpatient Care Capacities for Pandemic Management within a Region: Results of a Hybrid Delphi Method

Since the beginning of the pandemic in spring 2020, inpatient healthcare has been under enormous burden, which is reflected especially in overworked staff, imprecise bed planning and/or data transfer. According to the recommendation of the Science Council, university clinics should play a controlling role in regional healthcare and act in conjunction with surrounding hospitals and practices. In September 2021, 31 representatives from 18 university hospitals were invited to a hybrid Delphi study with a total of 4 survey rounds to discuss criteria for effective inpatient care in a pandemic situation, which were extracted from previous expert interviews. Criteria that were classified as very important/relevant by≥75% of the participants in the first round of the survey (consensus definition) were then further summarized in 4 different small groups. In a third Delphi round, all participants came together again to discuss the results of the small group discussions. Subsequently, these were prioritized as Optional ("can"), Desirable ("should") or Necessary ("must") recommendations. Of the invited clinical experts, 21 (67.7%) participated in at least one Delphi round. In an online survey (1st Delphi round), 233 criteria were agreed upon and reduced to 84 criteria for future pandemic management in four thematic small group discussions (2nd Delphi round) and divided into the small groups as follows: "Crisis Management and Crisis Plans" (n=20), "Human Resources Management and Internal Communication" (n=16), "Regional Integration and External Communication" (n=24) and "Capacity Management and Case & Care" (n=24). In the following group discussion (3rd Delphi round), the criteria were further modified and agreed upon by the experts, so that in the end result, there were 23 essential requirements and recommendations for effective inpatient care in a pandemic situation. The results draw attention to key demands of clinical representatives, for example, comprehensive digitization, standardization of processes and better (supra) regional networking in order to be able to guarantee needs-based care even under pandemic conditions. The present consensus recommendations can serve as guidelines for future pandemic management in the inpatient care sector.

HE PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF COLOURS ON CONSUMER’S BEHAVIOUR

This article aims to investigate and reveal the psychological impact of colors on consumer perception and subsequent behavior. Colour is regarded as one of the most important characteristics of an object. Through it, it is possible to influence the person, the consumer, and evoke certain emotions, which will later help draw attention to the product. As a valuable tool and an integral part of marketing communication, colours influence people subconsciously, leading to consumer preference or rejection in a "secret" and "hidden" sense. Color is a means of visual communication with a potential consumer. People form their opinions about a product or other people within the first 90 seconds of communication. The product evaluation is basically (62 to 90%) conditioned by colour preference. People's emotions and moods change over time, so every marketing professional should know the psychological impact and importance of colours and prepare their products or packaging accordingly. To deduce, how colour influences individuals may differ depending on genes, environment, age, gender, education. To sum up, colour as the marker of information, affects all segments of consumer behavior and the study of colours fosters the marketing analysis.

Endothelial FIS1 DeSUMOylation Protects Against Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Hypoxia is a major cause and promoter of pulmonary hypertension (PH), a representative vascular remodeling disease with poor prognosis and high mortality. However, the mechanism underlying how pulmonary arterial system responds to hypoxic stress during PH remains unclear. Endothelial mitochondria are considered signaling organelles on oxygen tension. Results from previous clinical research and our studies suggested a potential role of posttranslational SUMOylation in endothelial mitochondria in hypoxia-related vasculopathy. Chronic hypoxia mouse model and Sugen/hypoxia rat model were employed as PH animal models. Mitochondrial morphology and subcellular structure were determined by transmission electron and immunofluorescent microscopies. Mitochondrial metabolism was determined by mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate. SUMOylation and protein interaction were determined by immunoprecipitation. The involvement of SENP1 (sentrin-specific protease 1)-mediated SUMOylation in mitochondrial remodeling in the pulmonary endothelium was identified in clinical specimens of hypoxia-related PH and was verified in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells under hypoxia. Further analyses in clinical specimens, hypoxic rat and mouse PH models, and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells and human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells revealed that short-term hypoxia-induced SENP1 translocation to endothelial mitochondria to regulate deSUMOylation of mitochondrial fission protein FIS1 (mitochondrial fission 1), which facilitated FIS1 assembling with fusion protein MFN2 (mitofusin 2) and mitochondrial gatekeeper VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1), and the membrane tethering activity of MFN2 by enhancing its oligomerization. Consequently, FIS1 deSUMOylation maintained the mitochondrial integrity and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria calcium communication across mitochondrial-associated membranes, subsequently preserving pulmonary endothelial function and vascular homeostasis. In contrast, prolonged hypoxia disabled the FIS1 deSUMOylation by diminishing the availability of SENP1 in mitochondria via inducing miR-138 and consequently resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming in pulmonary endothelium. Functionally, introduction of viral-packaged deSUMOylated FIS1 within pulmonary endothelium in mice improved pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and hypoxic PH development, while knock-in of SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-conjugated FIS1 in mice exaggerated the diseased cellular and tissue phenotypes. By maintaining endothelial mitochondrial homeostasis, deSUMOylation of FIS1 adaptively preserves pulmonary endothelial function against hypoxic stress and consequently protects against PH. The FIS1 deSUMOylation-SUMOylation transition in pulmonary endothelium is an intrinsic pathogenesis of hypoxic PH.

Value of Service Maximization in Integrated Localization and Communication System Through Joint Resource Allocation

The rapid proliferation of smart devices and Internet of Things (IoT) applications have brought significantly increased demands for concurrent sensing, localization and communication services. To achieve multiple functions concurrently, new unified wireless systems including integrated localization and communication (ILAC) and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) are facing the fundamental challenge of integrative resource allocation among coexisting functions and services. In addressing this challenge, an ILAC system based on the efficient allocation of the common hardware and radio resource pool for localization and communication is proposed. A novel concept, termed Value of Service (VoS), is coined to maximize the unified performance of ILAC system for diverse service provisioning including localization accuracy and communication data rate. Furthermore, the bandwidth and temporal resource allocation problem is formulated for ILAC to maximize its VoS. Specifically, the problem is treated as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem solved by an iterative joint resource allocation (JRA) strategy. In each iteration, the resource allocation is decomposed into two steps. Firstly, the bandwidth resource is optimized with a Kelly mechanism-based continuous allocation method followed by discretization. Secondly, the temporal resource is assigned with the aid of an adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based approach. Simulation results demonstrate the significant superiority of our proposed VoS evaluation metric and JRA method in ILAC system under limited resources.

The Transdisciplinary Approach to Developing an Integrated Water-Related Disaster Information System for Municipalities

Although the transdisciplinary approach (TDA) is becoming popular during the implementation of disaster management facilities in recent years, there are few examples of the research and development phase of disaster management technology. The Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) Phase 2, financed by the Government of Japan, emphasizes the need for industry-academia-government cooperation, and is undertaking the research and development of a disaster information provision system. As part of this program, since 2018, Kyushu University, as an academic participant, and Foundation of River & Basin Integrated Communications (FRICS), as a practitioner, are developing the “Integrated-System of Disaster Reduction for Municipalities” (IDR4M) in collaboration with municipalities across Japan. This article introduces IDR4M’s development process, especially the collaboration between academia and municipalities, who are the system’s actual users.

Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Penyelengaraan Event Dan Festival Pariwisata Di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

Banyuwangi Festival 2022, is a cultural arts event in Banyuwangi district, it is hoped that holding the event for one year can have a multiplier effect for the people of Banyuwangi. An integrated communication strategy or Integrated marketing communication in promoting tourism in the Banyuwangi area is determined by the Banyuwangi Tourism Office in the advertising and event categories. By using qualitative research methods to describe an integrated marketing strategy for the Banyuwangi Festival in 2022, the Banyuwangi Regency Tourism Office is optimistic about development efforts and efforts to increase the number of tourist visitors, both local and foreign. Therefore, this marketing strategy can be a strategic management tool to ensure the right type of consumers, namely pro-sustainable tourists, who come to tourist sites, and to consider destination capacity and visit management. Therefore, this marketing strategy can be a strategic management tool to ensure the right type of consumers, namely pro-sustainable tourists, who come to tourist sites, and to consider destination capacity and visit management. .

A Review of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Annotation, Integration, and Cell-Cell Communication.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating cellular biology at an unprecedented resolution, enabling the characterization of cellular heterogeneity, identification of rare but significant cell types, and exploration of cell-cell communications and interactions. Its broad applications span both basic and clinical research domains. In this comprehensive review, we survey the current landscape of scRNA-seq analysis methods and tools, focusing on count modeling, cell-type annotation, data integration, including spatial transcriptomics, and the inference of cell-cell communication. We review the challenges encountered in scRNA-seq analysis, including issues of sparsity or low expression, reliability of cell annotation, and assumptions in data integration, and discuss the potential impact of suboptimal clustering and differential expression analysis tools on downstream analyses, particularly in identifying cell subpopulations. Finally, we discuss recent advancements and future directions for enhancing scRNA-seq analysis. Specifically, we highlight the development of novel tools for annotating single-cell data, integrating and interpreting multimodal datasets covering transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, and inferring cellular communication networks. By elucidating the latest progress and innovation, we provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly advancing field of scRNA-seq analysis.

Development of Information Systems in the Jayapura Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency

BPBD Jayapura Regency is a government agency that coordinates and handles disaster issues in the Jayapura Regency. Jayapura Regency has geographical, geological, hydrological, and demographic conditions that have the potential for disasters that need to be handled both pre-disaster, during emergency response, and post-disaster. Disaster information delivery, both knowledge about disaster or disaster reports to the community, information on BPBD activities, and news about BPBD is currently carried out through socialization in the community. So that there are often many conflicts due to incorrect news in the community related to BPBD's work programs, besides that BPBD Jayapura Regency itself does not yet have an integrated communication media that is directly connected to the people of Jayapura Regency. System An Information system in the form of a website was built to help related parties, namely BPBD Jayapura Regency and the community to be directly connected. This system was built using XAMPP as a web server and MySQL as a database server using the SQL programming language, PHP programming language is run on the server side so that the website becomes more dynamic. The analysis method used Use Case Diagram as a description of interactions that occur in the system. This system provides disaster reporting and complaint services This system also helps the BPBD in displaying information related to BPBD and disasters. This system will display information to the community and access to view disaster data reports that occur in the village added by each village or district head in Jayapura Regency.

Integrated Node Infrastructure for Future Smart City Sensing and Response

Emerging smart cities and digital twins are currently built from heterogenous cutting-edge low-power remote sensing systems limited by diverse inefficient communication and information technologies. Future smart cities delivering time-critical services and responses must transition towards utilizing massive numbers of sensors and more efficient integrated systems that rapidly communicate intelligent self-adaptation for collaborative operations. Here, we propose a critical futuristic integrated communication element named City Sensing Base Station (CSBS), inspired by base stations for cell phones that address similar concerns. A CSBS is designed to handle massive volumes of heterogeneous observation data that currently need to be upgraded by middleware or registered. It also provides predictive and interpolation modelling for the control of sensors and response units such as emergency services and drones. A prototype of CSBS demonstrated that it could unify readily available heterogeneous sensing devices, including surveillance video, unmanned aerial vehicles, and ground sensor webs. Collaborative observation capability was also realized by integrating different object detection sources using advanced computer-vision technologies. Experiments with a traffic accident and water pipeline emergency showed sensing and intelligent analyses were greatly improved. CSBS also significantly reduced redundant Internet connections while maintaining high efficiency. This innovation successfully integrates high-density, high-diversity, and high-precision sensing in a distributed way for the future digital twin of cities.

INTEGRATIVE COMMUNICATION IN CONSERVING TAOISM AND CHINESE CULTURE SIU HOK BIO TEMPLE SEMARANG, CENTRAL JAVA

Pagoda as a cultural product and religious institution that must be maintained as a national cultural treasure. Siu Hok Bio Temple is one of the oldest temples in Semarang. The pagoda is able to maintain the authenticity of the building and the values of Chinese culture and Taoist religious values, and even become a center of reference for the culture and values of Taoism. However, there are concerns about its sustainability because there is no younger generation who want to continue their cultural and religious values. Starting from this, this research wants to examine by focusing on the efforts of pagodas to maintain their existence as centers of Chinese culture and Taoist values in areas where the majority are of other religions. This research uses a theoretical approach through the perspective of social exchange evolution theory developed by Sillar, 2019 and ICT (Integrative Communication Theory) theory, 2005. The research method uses subjective interpretive research, a qualitative approach through participatory research. The conclusion of the research shows that the external approach to the environment is carried out in participatory communication quite successfully. However, in building communication with the congregation the pagoda tends to be puritanical and conservative, so that integrative communication cannot be carried out, which in the end does not occur conducive social exchange. The recommendation is to separate the values of Taoism and Chinese culture in order to be adaptive to the younger generation who have entered the digital world.

STRATEGI PROMOSI TEBAR HEWAN KURBAN DOMPET DHUAFA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN TERINTEGRASI

Integrated communication channels make it easier for the market to capture promotional messages. Mistakes in designing marketing communication strategies will have an impact on messages that cannot be conveyed. This can damage the company's image because the market cannot find the benefits of the product. This study aims to analyze the promotion strategy of the Dompet Dhuafa Sacrificial Animal Stocking program using the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) perspective presented by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong. This research applies a qualitative-inductive descriptive method using library data from various relevant sources. The results showed that the promotion of the Dompet Dhuafa Sacrificial Animal Stocking program applies the principles of integrated marketing communication. The IMC principle that emphasizes the integration process of promotional channels that convey one promotional message has been implemented in the promotion of Sacrificial Animal Stocking 1443 H through the message of the benefits of #JadiManfaat sacrifice. All parties involved in THK activities have coordinated their activities on the delivery of sacrificial benefit messages in order to achieve the objectives of the sacrificial decision. The above study can be recommended for managers of institutions that organize sacrificial activities to pay attention to the integration of promotional messages that use various communication channels in order to achieve promotional goals.

Toward Integrated Sensing and Communications in IEEE 802.11bf Wi-Fi Networks

Toward Integrated Sensing and Communications in IEEE 802.11bf Wi-Fi Networks

UAV Anti-Jamming Communications With Power and Mobility Control

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled air-ground integrated communication systems are vulnerable to jamming attack, mainly due to the high probability with line-of-sight wireless channel conditions. Although a few UAV anti-jamming transmission schemes have been recently proposed, the fundamental performance limits by simultaneously considering the UAV and jammer’s mobility have not yet been reported. These observations motivate us to formulate an interactive reward region (IRR) characterization problem for the scenario that the UAV and the jammer compete with each other to maximize their respective rewards via power and mobility control. Then, we propose a transmit and jamming power optimization algorithm to characterize the IRR with power control, by leveraging successive convex approximation technique, where two transmit power design schemes are given in closed-form expressions from a game-theoretic perspective. Furthermore, the IRR with joint power and mobility control is characterized based on alternating optimization, in which both the UAV and jammer can simultaneously adjust their power and trajectories. Finally, extensive simulation results reveal that joint transmit power and trajectory optimization can enlarge the IRR, and increasing the UAV mobility and flight time length improves the UAV reward.

Loss of the extracellular matrix protein Perlecan disrupts axonal and synaptic stability during Drosophila development.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) form essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM) and have both structural and signaling roles. Perlecan is a secreted ECM-localized HSPG that contributes to tissue integrity and cell-cell communication. Although a core component of the ECM, the role of Perlecan in neuronal structure and function is less understood. Here, we identify a role for Drosophila Perlecan in the maintenance of larval motoneuron axonal and synaptic stability. Loss of Perlecan causes alterations in the axonal cytoskeleton, followed by axonal breakage and synaptic retraction of neuromuscular junctions. These phenotypes are not prevented by blocking Wallerian degeneration and are independent of Perlecan's role in Wingless signaling. Expression of Perlecan solely in motoneurons cannot rescue synaptic retraction phenotypes. Similarly, removing Perlecan specifically from neurons, glia, or muscle does not cause synaptic retraction, indicating the protein is secreted from multiple cell types and functions non-cell autonomously. Within the peripheral nervous system, Perlecan predominantly localizes to the neural lamella, a specialized ECM surrounding nerve bundles. Indeed, the neural lamella is disrupted in the absence of Perlecan, with axons occasionally exiting their usual boundary in the nerve bundle. In addition, entire nerve bundles degenerate in a temporally coordinated manner across individual hemi-segments throughout larval development. These observations indicate disruption of neural lamella ECM function triggers axonal destabilization and synaptic retraction of motoneurons, revealing a role for Perlecan in axonal and synaptic integrity during nervous system development.

Loss of the extracellular matrix protein Perlecan disrupts axonal and synaptic stability during Drosophila development

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) form essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM) and have both structural and signaling roles. Perlecan is a secreted ECM-localized HSPG that contributes to tissue integrity and cell-cell communication. Although a core component of the ECM, the role of Perlecan in neuronal structure and function is less understood. Here, we identify a role for Drosophila Perlecan in the maintenance of larval motoneuron axonal and synaptic stability. Loss of Perlecan causes alterations in the axonal cytoskeleton, followed by axonal breakage and synaptic retraction of neuromuscular junctions. These phenotypes are not prevented by blocking Wallerian degeneration and are independent of Perlecan’s role in Wingless signaling. Expression of Perlecan solely in motoneurons cannot rescue synaptic retraction phenotypes. Similarly, removing Perlecan specifically from neurons, glia, or muscle does not cause synaptic retraction, indicating the protein is secreted from multiple cell types and functions non-cell autonomously. Within the peripheral nervous system, Perlecan predominantly localizes to the neural lamella, a specialized ECM surrounding nerve bundles. Indeed, the neural lamella is disrupted in the absence of Perlecan, with axons occasionally exiting their usual boundary in the nerve bundle. In addition, entire nerve bundles degenerate in a temporally coordinated manner across individual hemi-segments throughout larval development. These observations indicate disruption of neural lamella ECM function triggers axonal destabilization and synaptic retraction of motoneurons, revealing a role for Perlecan in axonal and synaptic integrity during nervous system development.

Interprofessional Healthcare Themes derived through Critical Discourse Analysis

One of the four primary learning competencies of Interprofessional Education (IPE) is Interprofessional (IP) Communication. Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (RFUMS) partnered with the University of New England (UNE) to offer an IP Team Immersion (IPTI) telehealth simulation (tSIM). IPTI aims to provide opportunities for IP teams of students to increase understanding of each other's roles, responsibilities, demonstrate teamwork principles and skills, and apply integrated communication skills for team-based, patient-centered practice in a simulated setting. We hypothesized that IPTI provides an opportunity for students to learn communication skills in an interprofessional team setting and that CDA can be used to identify incidences of verbal and non-verbal communication.In this experience, groups of students formed IP teams and worked together to plan their approach to a standardized patient (SP) case. Nine student teams across two universities and ten health professions participated in the virtual sessions and simulations. At the end of the tSIM activities, IP student teams were given 45 minutes to debrief and discuss their performance.CDA can be used to understand how communication among a team of IP healthcare students contributes to student learning in a simulated clinical environment. This study used CDA to analyze communication during the debrief sessions and the main themes identified were Verbal Communication, Non-Verbal Communication, Working Relationships, and Telehealth.Our results indicated that IPTI provided an opportunity for students working in a team to learn communication skills used within an IP team.

Model of communicative constitution of organization in the management of Borobudur Temple

The purpose of the research is to build a model of the communicative constitution of the organization to overcome the problem of differences in plans and develop a travel pattern of thematic visits with the storytelling method to overcome the buildup in Borobudur Temple, Central Java, Indonesia. The type of research used is a quality approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The study’s results integrated communication and coordination between the Badan Otorita Borobudur and the governing body managing the Borobudur Temple Area. As a solution to the problem, the model of the communicative constitution of the organization integrates goals in the direction of the temple area through communication flows with membership negotiations, self-structuring, coordination of activities in corporate activities, and institutional positions between managers in organization communication activities and coordination. The model of the communicative constitution of the organization will be a solution to integrate the goals of several ministries with different objectives in managing the Borobudur Temple Area.