Integral Reparation Research Articles

Procesos de paz en Colombia: derechos humanos y familias víctimas del conflicto armado

This article focuses on the interdisciplinary analysis of the peace process between the Colombian government headed by President Juan Manuel Santos and the FARC, materialized in the peace agreement that establishes a pattern in the armed conflict between these two actors. Necessary process before the lived armed conflict; which caused the violation of the human rights of individuals and their families as a victim of violence. It is foreseen that these agreements request a true integral reparation where its taken into account the barbarities suck were the object the individuals and the victim families of the armed conflict.

Spanish

International Humanitarian Law -IHL- has been applied as an auxiliary source in cases in which the Inter-American Court has faced violations of human rights, produced in the different countries that signed the jurisdiction of the same and the Inter-American Convention. While it is true that the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (COHR) has the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights as its benchmark and the protocols that complement it, omitting as a corpus iuris from its statutes to IHL, it causes human rights to fragment , conceived from the doctrine as indivisible and interdependent and, likewise, leads to a lack of protection of the victims of different armed conflicts, such as the Colombian one, against the application of transitional justice in its guarantees of integral reparation and above all of non-repetition. The investigation that is developed next, analyzes the application of International Humanitarian Law in nine cases in which the Colombian State has been linked as the defendant in the judgments of the Inter-American Court and reflects on the way inwhich the Inter-American Court applies this international instrument in its judgments.

Avances y dificultades del proceso de reparación integral a las víctimas del conflicto armado: una mirada al caso de Antioquia

The purpose of this article is to identify the advancements and difficulties to implement the law of victims and land restitution (law 1448 of 2001), from 2011 to 2017 in the department of Antioquia, based on the results of the interviews carried out with SNARIV administrative operators in this territorial entity and the analysis of management reports and evaluation of the policy issued by the coordinating entities. This review shows that the process on integral reparation to the victims of the armed conflict in Antioquia has been limited by the economic, political and financial difficulties that have been historical and structural to the centralized State model in Colombia; problems in the geographic development, added to the persistence of the armed conflict; which shows the existence of a normative framework that recognizes and promotes rights, but at the same time creates new institutions that do not have enough financial and administrative capacity to implement reparation measures, and that can leave this in a level of mere expectation for the victims of the armed conflict.

Las medidas de reparación integral establecidas en el “Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera”

The outcome of the peace dialogue that started in 2012, between the Colombian government and the guerrilla of FARC, was the “Final agreement for the termination of the conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace”; this text was submitted to a plebiscite on October 2nd 2016, having the Colombian people not approving the Agreement as a consequence, particularly with a 50,21% voting. Because of this, the government has requested for the Agreement to be passed by Congress by means of a special proceeding, nevertheless there still is no final decision. This article presents the general content of the peace treaty entered into by the guerilla of FARC and the Colombian government, in particular regarding the integral reparation of victims, their governing principles, their general guidelines and the repairing measures. The “Agreement for the termination of the conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace” makes reference in various occasions to the notion of integral repair, establishing it as a guideline for the repair of victims. It should be highlighted that the referenced text makes a very general reference to the individual repairing measures to the point of just mentioning them, not explaining their content and, on the contrary, giving an important role to the collective repairing measures, developing them broadly.

¿Paz positiva? o ¿paz negativa? Reflexiones de líderes y lideresas víctimas del conflicto armado en Soacha, Colombia

En el contexto del posconflicto en Colombia las voces de las víctimas son fundamentales para la construcción de una paz estable y duradera. El artículo recoge la reflexión que realizaron líderes y lideresas del municipio de Soacha acerca de la paz que desean y encuentran posible. El análisis se realiza a partir de dos concepciones de paz: la negativa y la positiva, la primera entendida como la ausencia de violencia directa, mientras que la segunda, desde una perspectiva más amplia, incorpora la necesidad de promover los derechos humanos, justicia y equidad. Sin duda, las víctimas se identifican más con la paz positiva, pues aún cuando reconocen que el alto al fuego con las FARC-EP beneficiará a muchas regiones del país, las condiciones actuales no les permiten una vida digna, ya sea por la precaria situación socioeconómica que como víctimas de la violencia afrontan en Soacha o por la desatención del gobierno para garantizarles una reparación integral.

Narrating the History: The Reinterpretation of Symbolic Reparation for the Reconciliation and Redemption of Child Victims of Conflict

:In Colombia there is a large sector of the population that has been the object of violation and ignorance of their human rights. They, like all victims of this type of violation, need to be repaired in a comprehensive manner. The concept of symbolic reparation that includes this integral reparation aims to reclaim the human being, to reconstruct it from the wounds and traces left by the violation of human rights in his memory. In a more sympathetic sense than is usually attributed to it, it seeks to bring the practice and experience of individuals to a level of abstraction that allows them to conceptualize a specific fact and articulate it with other concepts, so that the individual acquires adequate resilience. In this sense, the exercise and the experience of this reconstruction through the narratives, can provide certain conditions that make possible the process of symbolic reparation, which is exactly what it is tried to demonstrate with this investigation. This document is part of the research entitled "The narratives as a mechanism for the symbolic reparation of children victims of human rights violations", which seeks to understand the factors that make it possible to implement narratives as a mechanisms for symbolic reparation of children who are victims of human rights violations, as opposed to the symbolic reparations that have been erroneously ordered by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Colombian Supreme Court and Constitutional Court.

Narrating the History: The Reinterpretation of Symbolic Reparation for the Reconciliation and Redemption of Child Victims of Conflict

:In Colombia there is a large sector of the population that has been the object of violation and ignorance of their human rights. They, like all victims of this type of violation, need to be repaired in a comprehensive manner. The concept of symbolic reparation that includes this integral reparation aims to reclaim the human being, to reconstruct it from the wounds and traces left by the violation of human rights in his memory. In a more sympathetic sense than is usually attributed to it, it seeks to bring the practice and experience of individuals to a level of abstraction that allows them to conceptualize a specific fact and articulate it with other concepts, so that the individual acquires adequate resilience. In this sense, the exercise and the experience of this reconstruction through the narratives, can provide certain conditions that make possible the process of symbolic reparation, which is exactly what it is tried to demonstrate with this investigation. This document is part of the research entitled "The narratives as a mechanism for the symbolic reparation of children victims of human rights violations", which seeks to understand the factors that make it possible to implement narratives as a mechanisms for symbolic reparation of children who are victims of human rights violations, as opposed to the symbolic reparations that have been erroneously ordered by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Colombian Supreme Court and Constitutional Court.

Presupuestos políticos y jurídicos para la reparación integral de las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado en Colombia a causa del conflicto armado

<p>En el presente artículo se abordarán aquellos presupuestos de orden político y jurídico para la reparación integral de las víctimas en Colombia, partiendo del contexto de justicia transnacional por el cual atraviesa nuestro país. Desde la década de 1960, el conflicto armado en Colombia se desarrolla involucrando a dos sujetos principales: por una parte, el Estado a través de sus gobernantes y fuerza pública, y, por otra parte, los grupos alzados en armas. Adicionalmente, en este panorama, se encuentran unos terceros ajenos a las ideologías que originan el conflicto armado y que quizás son los más afectados: la población civil.</p><p>Por lo tanto, es necesario que, para la protección a la población víctima de desplazamiento forzado, se creen mecanismos políticos y normativos que propendan por la protección de sus derechos, tal como lo establece la Constitución Política y las distintas disposiciones jurisprudenciales; por esta razón, el objetivo de la investigación se enfocó a establecer: cuáles son los presupuestos de orden político y jurídico para que las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, a causa del conflicto armado, logren una reparación integral.<br />Para ello, se analizó, en primer lugar, la naturaleza jurídica que pretende implementar una reparación integral de las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado. Una vez definida la concepción de la reparación integral, se analizaron las posturas que han sido adoptadas desde el manejo jurisprudencial, el punto de vista político y los principales aportes recibidos por organismos judiciales internacionales, con miras a buscar el goce efectivo de los derechos incluyendo la participación de la población víctima de las actuaciones violentas de los grupos armados al margen de la ley.<br />Es por este motivo que el papel del Estado en la reparación de las víctimas, se encamina a aumentar los esfuerzos propensos a la recomposición del tejido social, adoptando medidas efectivas para el resarcimiento del daño causado por un periodo prolongado de violencia, pretendiendo lograr un amparo integral con acceso a la justicia y conocimiento de la verdad sobre los hechos ocurridos. Así mismo, deberá ofrecer herramientas para que las víctimas desarrollen un nuevo modelo de vida, recuperen su dignidad, superen los traumas de la violencia sistemática y generalizada, con el fin de llegar a una reconciliación nacional.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>

Implementación de estándares internacionales de prevención de trata de personas en el control migratorio: Colombia (2015)

<p>En el presente documento se hace un análisis de normativa internacional fin de identificar estándares en la prevención de la trata de personas y las obligaciones concreta de los Estados frente a la lucha contra este delito a nivel migratorio. Para ello se hace una revisión de la incorporación a nivel interno de las normas internacionales y cuál ha sido la instrumentalización de las mismas y que políticas se han planteado para ello. La metodología fue la cualitativa con base en el análisis documental, contrastando con el estándar identificado con las políticas implementadas. Si bien el enfoque inicial haría prever un balance más bien negativo, hay aspectos positivos a resaltar en las medidas estatales referidas a los protocolos del proceder del actuar de la autoridad migratoria y frente a las víctimas en lo referente a la reparación integral. Sin embargo, queda pendiente tener un rol más comprometido desde el punto de vista de la incorporación de la lucha contra de personas como labor misional en las agencias migratorias y la atención estatal de las causas estructurales que generan este delito.</p>

Impacto de la ampliación de los derechos de las víctimas de violencia sexual con ocasión del conflicto armado en el ejercicio del incidente de reparación integral

Since sexual violence is one of the most execrable phenomena in the armed confrontation in Colombia, which translates into serious human rights violations, the legislator has decided to sanction this specific typology of violence as an attack on International Humanitarian Law –and eventually as a crime against humanity- by issuing Law 1719 of 2014. As a corollary of the creation of the new criminal types, the norm, among other developments, elaborates a special regulation regarding the incident of integral reparation for the victims of sexual violence in the context of the armed conflict, taking as a basis the needs of extending the rights of these victims, and that the incidental procedure is translated into a real effective remedy for the realization of the fundamental guarantees of the victim. This new regulation increases the possibilities of intervention of the victim in the criminal process, and it is an expression of an increase in the catalog of the rights of the victim in the stage of the integral reparation incident. It is qualitative research that manages to establish that the legislator of Law 1719 of 2014 extended the possibilities of intervention of the victim in the criminal process, especially from certain exceptions to the principle of pretension, the consecration of extra powers and ultra petita in the head of the ruling judge, and other modifications to the current legislation in Law 906 of 2004, with the purpose of making the incident of integral reparation an effective remedy in the realization of the fundamental rights of victims of sexual violence in the context of confrontation.

Problemáticas teórico-prácticas en las categorías del daño inmaterial reconocidas por la jurisprudencia colombiana

La obra reseñada aborda las relaciones existentes entre la equidad y el daño indemnizable, por cuanto en la definición de este, aquella juega un papel trascendental. A partir del estudio crítico de la jurisprudencia nacional vigente sobre la tipología y reparación del daño inmaterial, tanto del Consejo de Estado como de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, la autora concluye que, en ciertos casos, las pautas planteadas por estas corporaciones contrarían el criterio de equidad y la regla de reparación integral2. Este artículo expone, comenta y complementa la tesis de la profesora M’Causland, dejando en evidencia las falencias de ambos tribunales, abriendo así una vez más el debate alrededor de este tema.Problemáticas teórico-prácticas en las categorías del daño inmaterial reconocidas por la jurisprudencia colombiana

Valoração Médico-Pericial do Dano Estético

O exame pericial de avaliação de danos constitui uma atividade técnica, à qual se aplicam as regras da Arte Médica, considerando-se o âmbito do Direito em que se insere. O laudo médico deve ser completo e fazer compreender a situação real do indivíduo. A avaliação do experto deve assegurar o esclarecimento do juízo, contribuindo para que se promova a Justiça. É fundamental que o dano pessoal seja identificado, descrito e valorado de acordo com rigoroso método científico. Este artigo discorre sobre o Dano Estético e reflete a experiência do Instituto de Medicina Social e de Criminologia do Estado de São Paulo (IMESC) tanto em seu diagnóstico quanto em sua valoração dentro do arcabouço legal brasileiro, de acordo com método de avaliação baseado em escala quantitativa-descritiva, buscando-se harmonização em sua ponderação, dentro do princípio geral da reparação integral dos danos, de modo contextualizado e fundamentado.

Perspectivas para la intervención profesional en lo social desde los retos del proceso de paz colombiano

Ante el panorama actual de implementación de los acuerdos de paz de la Habana, la sociedad colombiana atraviesa un momento histórico de esperanza e incertidumbre, en el cual es prioritario re-pensarnos la intervención en lo social. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un conjunto de perspectivas y desafíos para la intervención desde la socio-terapia con enfoque de acción sin daño, producto de un ejercicio de investigación cualitativa, con enfoque hermenéutico, bajo la modalidad de investigación documental y análisis de contenido, que plantea la reflexión del ejercicio profesional en la reparación integral de víctimas en el Distrito Capital. Como propuestas de hallazgos se plantea la importancia de re-significar los impactos del conflicto armado desde intervenciones profesionales ético-políticas, en las que se aborde el manejo de las emociones, lo que permitirá contribuir a garantizar los derechos de todos los ciudadanos, movilizando sus recursos y capacidades, desde la perspectiva de construcción democrática de la paz. Se identifica la importancia de pensar el lugar del autocuidado y la reflexividad del profesional en los procesos de intervención con víctimas, debido a los riesgos emocionales que genera este escenario social.

Cumplimiento de las obligaciones internacionales en materia de reparación integral por el Consejo de Estado colombiano

The integral reparation constitutes a fundamental pillar in the human rights framework, since it promotes and protect the Human Rights; therefore, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has developed a legal precedent in the topic above mentioned in order to restore the victim’s dignity and to improve the recurrence of similar cases. The Inter-American Court levy the member States to develop actions or omissions that tend to guarantee the free and complete exercise of rights in general. The Colombian national courts have a great responsibility in complying with that order, which implements the standards in order to stop and or avoid violation of rights and thus comply with international obligations.

Compensation and integral reparation to victims of rape as acts on the basis of the criminal offense of the crime against humanity in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The topic of this paper are victims of rape as the act on the basis of the criminal offense of the crime against humanity, that is rights and needs of victims and problems and drawbacks of exercising these rights. Therefore, besides normative regulation of a criminal offense and definition of a victim itself and consequences of committing the abovementioned criminal offense for a victim, special attention is paid to state obligations of compensation and integral reparation to victims of rape or other forms of sexual violence during war, as well as drawbacks and lack of adequate compensation and integral reparation to those victims.

Efectos del control de convencionalidad en la jurisprudencia del consejo de estado

The Jurisprudence of the Court I.D.H. has created the Conventional Control. Created on purpose, this is a figure of American International Law that implies that all the organs of power of the States that conform the Pact of San Jose especially those in charge of administer justice must abide and apply. This control is of international praetorian creation. We analyze the jurisprudence of the Council of State that orders the Colombian State to repair damages caused when its military forces of colombia and the police forget their constitutional duties. They highlight the efforts to fully repair the victims of mass violations in Colombia in collusion with “Paracas” organizations applying the jurisprudence of the Court I.D.H. This means that the time when compensation was only ordered in gold pesos or based on the present value formula is exceeded and therefore in the matter of reparation the control of conventionality operates in full supported by the principle Restitutio in Integrum. Keywords Conventional control, Council of State, Court I.D.H. Human Rights, integral reparation, victims.

EL PERDÓN Y EL DUELO: CUMPLIMIENTO DE LAS MEDIDAS DE SATISFACCIÓN ORDENADAS POR LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS RESPECTO DE COLOMBIA

La jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos humanos ha permitido ampliar el espectro de la reparación integral, a partir de inclusión de componentes no patrimoniales como verdaderas medidas de satisfacción y reparación. Resulta fundamental establecer estrategias de seguimiento desde la sociedad civil y la academia que complementen la labor de seguimiento hecha por la Corte Interamericana, pues en la práctica se ha evidenciado que el cumplimiento cabal de las sentencia se prolonga en el tiempo al punto que para la víctima, el proceso adelantando ante una instancia internacional es solo una parte de la gran batalla que debe estar dispuesta a seguir afrontando para lograr la reparación efectiva de sus derechos.

Mujeres víctimas del genocidio contra la unión patriótica: ¿es posible su reparación integral?

The main objective of the research was to identify elements that would allow to propose repair criteria with a gender perspective for women victims of the genocide against the Patriotic Union. for that, an analisis was realized about the concept of political genocide, the damages caused to victims were identified and integral reparation mechanisms were proposed. Methodologically, the theoretical basis was based through gender and human rights. The qualitative paradigm and the method of collective case study was used. The data collection instruments used were: focus groups, bibliographic records and interviews. In the results several facts victimized women, mainly homicide and forced disappearance became evident. The damages identified were of tangible and intangible nature, besides others who were part of a special category because of its importance. The events should be categorized under the category of political genocide although not recognize international standards and Colombia has done post-case manner. With respect to compensation, women suffered consequences affecting them their particular condition of being a woman, so it should be repaired with concrete affirmative action that guarantees their full compensation.

Fortalecimiento del rol de la CIDH en el proceso de supervisión de cumplimiento de sentencias y planteamiento de reparaciones ante la Corte IDH

The use of integral reparation measures within the enforcement of the Inter American Court of Human Rights decisions embodies the effectiveness of the Inter American system of human rights. Therefore the author suggests that a strategic reform of such measures in the Inter American Commission on Human Rights deserves reflection. The article analyses the Inter American Commission on Human Rights’ supervision role of the Court’s decisions in order to propose a reform based on its function as guarantor of the public order within the inter-American system. Moreover, it proposes the strengthening of such role in reparation claims before the Court.

Responsabilidad patrimonial del estado por ataques terroristas: Obligación resarcitoria vs reparación integral

The council of State, in several occasions and under different arguments, has declared the State as responsible due to the damages that the victims of terrorist attacks have suffered according to the criteria of damage imputation that range from lack of service, the damage itself or the exceptional damage. But the criteria of damage that comes directly from the terrorist attack according to the High Court’s jurisprudence, has not always been unified especially when it is related to reparatory parameters, which, in principle only deal with material and moral damages, from a private law perspective. Eventually, the jurisprudence shows a tendency towards a more humanized criterion, oriented by the “integral reparation” parameters, which transcend the traditional guidelines of damage reparation. Keywords Terrorist Act, State Responsibility, Integral Reparation, Damages.